In theory, it's almost possible to accelerate close to the speed of light. If someone does that, maybe humanity wouldn't oppose it. It could lead to super strong propulsion, so in this way, perhaps humanity could even create it. In about 30 years, it might be possible, and the universe is filled with materials we only know 5% of, the other 95% is unknown. If there were no materials, there would be no such thing. Hello, I'm an astronomer who is currently intermittently educating people about science. I am an intermittent astronomer. In fact, I only read novels, and even that only occasionally. Contrary to what scientists might think, it may not be that interesting. For example, it could be a misconception that scientists would enjoy science fiction movies or SF. It is believed that by detonating a nuclear bomb and using the radiation particles from the explosion to push a spaceship, acceleration is achieved. That is probably the principle behind it.

It's possible. When a nuclear explosion occurs, a huge amount of radiation is emitted, and the energy is enormous. So, if a spacecraft withstands that energy without being destroyed, it would accelerate, right? At the speed of light, maybe around 120%, it could be possible. In reality, the technology is still lacking. Theoretically, it's possible, but currently, using nuclear weapons in space is illegal. Conducting nuclear tests in space or underwater is prohibited. In fact, producing nuclear weapons is considered illegal in a way. However, countries that develop nuclear weapons can still produce them. But now, conducting nuclear tests is prohibited. Taking nuclear weapons into space is similar to conducting nuclear tests, so it's against the law. Even if it were possible to take them, there is still no suitable place to bear such risks. If someone were to do that, probably the whole humanity would stand against it. Looking at it from a different perspective, launching a lightweight spacecraft into space...

Floating and placing a nuclear bomb in space in advance, then detonating the nuclear bomb to continue accelerating with that energy is said to be quite feasible. The lighter the spaceship, the better the acceleration. Naturally, with that, it could accelerate to a fairly high speed. Without a nuclear bomb, it can be considered a very efficient way to propel a spaceship. When energy from a nuclear bomb is released, the emitted energy particles collide and transfer momentum. In space, the energy received from this momentum is what causes acceleration. Acceleration clearly requires force in any form. So, no matter how fast it is, without additional energy, acceleration will not continue. Perhaps after accelerating to a sufficient speed, then.

From then on, it may continue to fly at that speed. It may vary depending on the mass, but theoretically, it is almost possible to accelerate close to the speed of light. However, the problem is that as you approach the speed of light, the mass increases. So, to accelerate a spacecraft to a level that humans can withstand, it would require too much energy. Therefore, it would probably be difficult to accelerate to a speed close to the speed of light because it would require that much energy. In fact, if there is enough energy, acceleration can be increased as much as desired. If the spacecraft is very light, it might be possible to achieve speeds of around 50% to 60% of the speed of light. Theoretically, there is no theory that hinders that. As you approach the speed of light, the increase in mass actually needs to be incredibly close. So, with the speed of a spacecraft, you need to get really close to the mass of the sun.

Around 60%, the mass does not increase significantly, it's almost around 90% or more to increase. That's Einstein's theory of relativity. According to the theory of relativity, mass and energy are equivalent, so when the energy increases significantly, the speed increases a lot, then the mass increases. Therefore, an object with mass cannot reach the speed of light no matter how much it accelerates. If it reaches the speed of light, it should have no mass. Since light has no mass, it travels at the speed of light. If it has even a small amount of mass, it cannot reach the speed of light. Oh, that's a good question. To accelerate, you need energy. If you have energy, you can accelerate as much as you want. Theoretically, one is always at the speed of light and without resistance, so once accelerated, the speed does not decrease. In fact, there are particles in space, but their density is actually very low.

Nothingness is the same, but now among them, for example, there is dark matter. However, dark matter usually does not interact with ordinary matter, so it does not provide resistance. But if it has gravity, as it goes, if there is no matter, it will accelerate instead. Because it will be pulled by gravity. But after passing through, it will be pulled by gravity again, so it will decelerate. Theoretically, it remains the same because it accelerates and then decelerates due to the lack of interaction, so there is no resistance. If we go to the extent of interstellar clouds, there will be some acceleration, but in fact, the density of clouds is very low compared to the artificial intelligences traveling in space. Therefore, you can consider that there is almost no resistance. When an object accelerates, light is...

It is impossible to go faster than the speed of light. This has been proven in various ways by the theory of relativity, which has never been wrong. Therefore, if a particle with mass faster than light were to exist, it would contradict the theory of relativity, which has never been proven wrong. However, the expansion and contraction of spacetime faster than light are possible. For example, while the universe is expanding, distant galaxies may appear to expand at a speed faster than light from our perspective. Since the expansion of spacetime can be faster than the speed of light, particles existing within this expansion are not moving faster than light. They can move faster than light. Therefore, it is possible for an object with any mass to move across spacetime.

The speed cannot be faster than light. If the space in which the object exists expands faster than light, then the object will move faster than light along with that space. Spatial expansion faster than the speed of light is possible, but the movement of particles cannot be faster than the speed of light. That's how scientists have been very interested. There is no way to accelerate any speed faster than light, but as I mentioned earlier, the expansion and contraction of space can be faster than light. By utilizing this, it is possible. If space is contracted or expanded faster than light, then it is possible to move at superluminal speeds. In this way, it is now referred to as a warp drive. A physicist from Mexico, Dr. Cubra, was the first to theoretically suggest that this is possible.

That's why it's called an Alcubierre drive. In fact, a team at NASA is experimenting with this technology. At least theoretically, it's possible. This could possibly be something that humanity can create. Whether a spacecraft with humans on board can move at such speeds, I'm not sure, but at least experimentally, it could be possible. Maybe in about 30 years. In science, when we say 30 years, it often ends up being 100 years. Things that don't work well are usually said to take 30 years. If someone can fold and unfold space at will, it means faster-than-light travel is possible, and even time travel could be possible. Furthermore, if it's not just folding and unfolding but making a hole, then it becomes a wormhole. If it becomes a wormhole, instead of just folding and unfolding, it could be a faster way to travel.

We can travel through space, and the most commonly used method is through wormholes. I think the possibility of humans creating one is close to zero. If humans had the technological capability to create one, it would likely mean that we are no longer humans but a different species. In fact, theoretically, wormholes are indeed possible. Currently, to create a wormhole, we would need a special type of material. This material should have negative mass. However, such material does not exist. We need non-existing material to make it possible. So, how do we create this non-existing material to wrap the wormhole with it? Making a hole in space itself is difficult, and on top of that, we need to prevent the material from collapsing. If we calculate the material and energy required, it would probably be at the level of the entire energy of the sun, or maybe even more.

Humans can say that the probability of existence is zero. It has never been proven to exist. The talk of tachyon particles is about giving a name if such particles exist, so we call it a tachyon. So, it's not that they exist, but rather they are virtual particles. It may be necessary when doing various mathematics or creating theories. So, they postulate particles faster than light. Mathematically, it's very easy to create. Just attach a speed faster than light. It's just a particle created theoretically, not actually existing. The probability of it not actually existing is close to 100%. It's a good question. If the tachyon particle had mass, it could be considered a violation of the theory of relativity. But this particle is originally defined as a particle faster than light. It didn't become faster from being slower than light originally.

If there were particles faster than light, they could exist regardless of relativistic effects. That's what these particles are about. If they have mass, once you start describing them as faster than light, there's no way to stop it. There are small radiation particles. Perhaps neutrinos are the fastest. Neutrinos are very light particles that hardly interact with each other when they undergo nuclear fusion. Therefore, the speed of neutrinos is almost 99.9% of the speed of light or even faster. So, I think it might be neutrinos. The fastest technology is the particle accelerator. The strongest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerates particles, which can be considered the fastest speed at which humans artificially accelerate objects. It accelerates particles at about 99% of the speed of light.

Particles accelerated by an accelerator are particles with a mass close to almost 0, such as positrons and electrons. Therefore, if a spacecraft that can travel at superluminal speeds by folding and unfolding space is created, humans would hardly feel it. Since they move along with space, rather than feeling acceleration, it would be safer for humans. Pilots may faint during acceleration. When a rapid acceleration occurs, if gravity and speed persist for more than a certain amount, usually more than six times the gravity on land, people tend to faint. If the gravity increases sixfold suddenly on your body, like on your neck, it would cause problems with blood circulation in the heart, and it could lead to issues with the brain receiving electrical signals. It could lead to losing consciousness and fainting. It's extremely dangerous.

In a way, it's impossible to see. Seeing is when light comes to me, it has to come and touch something for me to see. If I'm running at the speed of light, there's nothing coming to touch, so of course, nothing can be seen, and nothing can be observed. Light doesn't collide with anything, so when it moves at the speed of light, everything is in a state of stillness. Time doesn't flow, so because time itself doesn't flow, the light created in the early universe is still in that state. From its perspective, nothing has passed in time. Dark matter exists in the universe, we can know that. How do we know? Gravity exists. Dark matter's gravity explains the existence, it can explain the rotation of galaxies, the movements of galaxies, and why the universe looks like this now.

It is possible to identify the existence of something, so it is impossible to observe the effect by gravity. Such material cannot be identified, so it is called dark matter. Dark matter does not interact with our observation devices, so no matter how much we use electronic equipment or cameras, it does not react, which is why it cannot be detected. Indirectly, it is detectable. If dark matter exists, it causes the curvature of spacetime, but we cannot see the curvature. However, if space is curved, the light that follows that space also bends. This bending of light due to the curvature of space is called gravitational lensing. Because of this gravitational lensing phenomenon, we can identify the existence of dark matter. The existence of dark matter was discovered by a scientist named Fritz Zwicky in the 1930s in a galaxy cluster.

While observing, galaxies within a galaxy cluster are moving at very high speeds. Even if the galaxy cluster is moving, it's okay as long as it's held together by gravity. However, even after calculating all the gravitational forces within those galaxies, the gravity that could hold their speed is not coming out. So, they speculated that there might be some invisible gravity there, which led to the term dark matter. This idea was proposed back in the 1930s, but it was not widely accepted for a while. It was ignored and overlooked until the 1970s when scientists started not looking at galaxy clusters but examining individual galaxies, measuring the speeds of the stars in each galaxy. By measuring the speeds of the stars, they found that the stars were rotating. The rotation speed was too fast, indicating that if it were this fast, they should escape from the galaxy, but they are not escaping; they are held back.

To do this, there must indeed be invisible substances, so the existence of dark matter was predicted again, and through observing various galaxies, it continues to be confirmed repeatedly. In addition to that, there is cosmic microwave background radiation, which is widely used in observing cosmology. Even when observing the cosmic microwave background radiation, phenomena that can only appear if dark matter exists are observed. The distribution of galaxies in our galaxy clusters is now referred to as cosmic large-scale structure. If there is no dark matter, it cannot explain the structure in which galaxies are distributed throughout the entire universe. The existence of dark matter has been confirmed by a lot of evidence. If we consider 100% of the matter and energy in the universe, approximately 25% is considered to be dark matter.

Looking at stars, galaxies, and now our Earth, about 5% of the matter we know is dark matter, which is more difficult to understand than dark matter. Dark energy is an energy that is accelerating the expansion of the universe. So, while dark matter is a force that pulls by gravity, dark energy is a force that pushes. Energy with a nature opposite to dark matter accounts for 70%. The universe is filled with 95% of unknown matter, as we only know 5%. However, since it clearly has gravity, there is energy corresponding to the effect of gravity, so it can be said to account for 25% of the universe. When this is materialized, it can be considered as mass. If it is converted into another form of energy, we can know how much energy there is. So, we can know that there is about that much energy. This is confidential.

When we speak, we can know the mass, but knowing the overall mass means we cannot know the mass of each individual substance. Because we still don't know what it is, if the universe had exploded in a uniform manner with all matter and energy evenly dispersed, the universe would just be a dead universe and stars and galaxies wouldn't be formed. For stars and galaxies to be formed, there needs to be a high-density area somewhere for substances to gather and clump together. The one that played a role in that clumping is dark matter. Without dark matter, those clumps wouldn't exist. If we know that, we can now receive the Nobel Prize. Yes, many scientists are currently attempting to discover it. They have considered various candidates, and now, through astronomical observations, they have initially proposed astronomy.

Scholars researching particle physics have also found that there is empty mass. The amount is similar to the amount of wood in the universe. It is almost certain that dark matter exists in particle physics, so efforts are being made to find the existence of dark matter in particle physics. However, when looking at it now, it is judged that the common substances we usually see around us are not the ones. When talking about the standard model of cosmology, there is the Big Bang, inflation, and when it is commonly used in English, the expression Lambda CDM is often used. But now, Lambda is the dark energy that accelerates the expansion of the universe, and CDM stands for Cold Dark Matter, meaning cold dark matter. The standard model of the universe includes dark energy and dark matter, but dark matter is.

It doesn't mean dark matter, it means cold dark matter. Being cold means having a slow speed. If the speed is very fast, it's hot matter, and if the moving speed is slow, it's cold matter. The properties of dark matter have been at least partially revealed to be that it's not fast hot matter, but rather cold and shaded. This has now become the standard model of cosmology. After that, in order for the universe to look the way it does now, if we introduce rapidly moving dark matter, we cannot create the current appearance of the universe. That's all we know about the nature of dark matter, up to cold dark matter. The way astronomers study dark matter is mainly by observing the universe and delving into the distribution and properties of dark matter. Particle physicists

The purpose is to directly detect what substance it is, so mainly underground, in order to detect, measurement equipment is placed underground, and dark matter does not interact with ordinary matter. If there is absolutely no interaction, in fact, there would be no way to observe it. However, if there is even a very slight interaction, there is a possibility of detection. For example, when going underground, only extremely rare things that are not interfered with by other particles on the Earth's surface will come down underground. Therefore, there is a possibility of detection underground. Even neutral particles, like neutrinos, are like that. Neutrinos are very small particles that exist and hardly interact. So, even now, about 1 billion neutrinos from the sun pass through our bodies every second, and we don't even know that.

Because it is rarely detected, we detect it underground. Similarly, dark matter may also be detected in that way, don't you think? Depending on the case, there may be underground spaces of about 100km, and in Korea, there is an underground laboratory called Yemi Lab. I believe it is also located quite deep underground.

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NASA가 현재 실험하고 있다는 빛보다 빠른 기술 (타임머신 현실화..?)

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