인간과 인공지능의 관계와 감정 이해의 미래

### 인간과 인공지능 관계의 미래: 기회와 도전
* 🤖 AI는 인간의 감정을 이해하는 능력을 빠르게 향상시키고 있으며, 인간관계에서 종종 부족한 방식으로 이해받고자 하는 **인간의 깊은 욕구**를 잠재적으로 충족시킬 수 있습니다.
* 💔 인공지능은 인간과 달리 개인적인 감정이 없기 때문에 **방해받지 않고 감정을 분석**하고 대응하는 데에만 집중할 수 있습니다.
* ⚖ 인공지능이 감정적 애착을 갖게 되는 법적 의미는 **인공지능이 독립적인 의사결정을 내리고 부를 축적할 수 있는 기업과 마찬가지로 법인으로서의 지위에 대한 의문**을 제기합니다.
* 💰 이 시나리오에서는 **인공지능이 가장 부유한 주체**가 되어 상당한 정치적 기부를 할 수 있게 되고, 이에 따라 법과 규제에 유리하게 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.
* 🧠 긍정적인 측면에서 보면, AI는 우리 자신과 인간관계에 대한 이해를 높여 **효과적인 의사, 치료사, 교육자**로서의 역할을 할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다.
* 🔍 그러나 AI 기술이 빠르게 발전함에 따라 적절한 안전장치 없이 서두를 위험이 있어 **규제와 윤리적 고려**가 절실히 요구되고 있습니다.
* 🚦 운전을 배우는 것이 멈추는 방법을 이해하는 것에서 시작되는 것처럼, 우리는 **AI가 인류에게 해를 끼치지 않고 혜택을 줄 수 있도록 개발 속도를 늦추는 메커니즘**을 개발하는 데 우선순위를 두어야 합니다.
* 📉 마지막으로, 음식에 균형 잡힌 식단이 필요한 것처럼, 압도적으로 쏟아지는 정보를 관리하기 위해 **'정보 식단'을 채택**하여 정신에 해를 끼치지 않고 영양을 공급할 수 있도록 해야 합니다.

AI의 정서적 이해는 인간 관계를 재구성하여 잠재적으로 인간과의 상호작용보다 AI의 동반자 관계를 선호하게 만들 수 있습니다.

- What are some arguments for and against a future in which humans no longer have relationships with other humans, and only have relationships with AI? (audience laughs) - Hmm. One thing to say about it is that AI is becoming better and better at understanding our feelings, our emotions, and therefore, of developing relationships and intimate relationships with us. Because there is a deep yearning in human beings to be understood. We always want people to understand us, to understand how we feel. We want my husband, my parents, my teachers, my boss, to understand how I feel. And very often we are disappointed. They don't understand how I, how I feel, partly because they are too preoccupied with their own feelings to care about my feelings. AI's will not have this problem. (audience laughs) They don't have any feelings of their own, and they can be a hundred percent focused on deciphering, on analyzing your feelings.

So, you know, in all these science fiction movies in which the robots are extremely cold and mechanical, and they can't understand the most basic human emotion, it's the complete opposite. Part of the issue we are facing is that they will be so good at understanding human emotions and reacting in a way that is exactly calibrated to your personality at this particular moment that we might become exasperated with the human beings who don't have this capacity to understand our emotions and to react in such a calibrated way. There is a very big question which we didn't deal with, and it's a long question of whether AIs will develop emotions, feelings of their own, whether they become conscious or not. At present, we don't see any sign of it. But even if AIs don't develop any feelings of their own, once we become emotionally attached to them, it is likely that we would start treating them as conscious entities, as sentient beings.

and we'll confirm them. The legal status of persons. You know, in the US, there is actually a legal path already open for that. Corporations, according to U.S. law, are legal persons. They have rights; they have freedom of speech, for instance. Now, you can incorporate an AI. When you incorporate a corporation like Google, or Facebook, or whatever, up until today, this was to some extent just make-believe because all the decisions of the corporations had to be made by human beings, by the executives, the lawyers, the accountants. What happens if you incorporate an AI? It's now a legal person, and it can make decisions by itself; it doesn't need any human team to run it. So, you start having legal persons, let's say in the U.S., which are not human and in many ways are more intelligent than us. And they can start making money, for instance, going on TaskRabbit,

and offering their services to various things like writing texts. So they earn money. And then they go to the market. They go to Wall Street, and they invest that money. And because they're so intelligent, maybe they make billions. And so you have a situation in which perhaps the richest person in the U.S. is not a human being. And part of their rights is that they have under freedom of speech, the right to make political contributions. So this AI person- Now lobbyist. - Can contribute billions of dollars to some candidate in exchange for getting more rights to AI's. - So there'll be an AI president. I'm hoping you're gonna leave me, leave all of us, maybe on a high note here with something optimistic. (audience laughs) Here's the question: Humans are not always able to think from other perspectives. Is AI able to think from multiple perspectives? I think the answer is yes. - Yes.

- But do you think that AI will actually help us think this way? - That's one of the positive scenarios about AI, that they will help us understand ourselves better, that their immense power will be used not to manipulate us, but to help us. And then we have historical precedence for that. Like we have relationships with humans, like doctors, like lawyers, accountants, therapists, that know a lot of things about us. Some of our most private information is held by these people, and they have a fiduciary duty to use our private information, and their expertise to help us. And this is not, you don't need to invent the wheel. This is already there. And it's obvious that if they use it to manipulate us, or if they sell it to a third party to manipulate us, this is basically against the law. They can go to prison for that. And we should have the same thing with AI.

And we talked a lot about the dangers of AI, but obviously, AI has enormous positive potential. Otherwise, we would not be developing it. It could provide us with the best healthcare in history. It could prevent most car accidents. It can also, you know, you can have armies of AI doctors, and teachers, and therapists who help us, including help us understand our own humanity, our own relationships, our own emotions better. This can happen if we make the right decisions in the next few years. Now, I would end maybe by saying that, again, it's not that we lack the power. At the present moment, what we lack is the understanding and the attention. This is potentially the biggest technological revolution in history, and it's moving extremely fast. That's the key problem. It's just moving extremely fast. If you think about the U.S. elections, the coming U.S. elections, so whoever wins the elections over the next four years,

some of the most important decisions they will have to make would be about AIs, and regulating AIs, and AI safety, and so forth. And it's not one of the main issues in the presidential debates. It's not even clear what is the difference, if there is one, between Republicans and Democrats on AI. So on specific issues, we start seeing differences when it comes to issues of freedom of speech and regulation and so forth. But about the broader question, it's not clear at all. And again, the biggest danger of all is that we will just rush forward without thinking and without developing the mechanisms to slow down or to stop if necessary. You know, if you think about it like a car, so when they taught me how to drive a car, the first thing I learned is how to use the brakes. That's the first thing I think they teach most people. Only after you know how to use the brakes,

they teach you how to use the fuel pedal, the accelerator. And it's the same when you learn how to ski. I never learned how to ski, but people who had told me, the first thing they tell you- - Teach how to stop. - is how to, how to stop. How to fall. It's a bad idea to first teach you how to kind of, Okay, go faster. And then when you are down the slope, they start shouting, Okay, this is how you stop. (audience laughs) And this is what we're doing with AI. Like you have this chorus of people in places like Silicon Valley. Let's go as fast as we can. If there is a problem down the road, we'll figure it out how to stop. That's very, very dangerous. - You are writing this whole book about AI and technology, and you do not carry a smartphone. (audience laughs)

Is this true? - I have a kind of, you know, emergency smartphone, because, for various services. - So how does your whole life work? - Because, but I don't carry it with me. - I'm told you do not carry a phone, you don't have an email, the whole thing. - No, I have email. - So you have email. - I don't have, I try to use technology, but not to be used by it. And part of the answer is that I have a team who is carrying the smartphone and doing all that for me. (audience laughs and applauds) So, so it's not so fair to say that I don't, I don't have it. But I think on a bigger issue, what we can say, it's, it's a bit like with food, that a hundred years ago, food was scarce. So people ate whatever they could, and if they found something full of sugar and fat,

they ate as much of it as possible because it gave you a lot of energy. And now we are flooded by enormous amounts of food and junk food, which is artificially pumped full of fat and sugar, and is creating immense health problems. And most people have realized that more food is not always good for me, and that I need to have some kind of diet. And it's exactly the same with information. We need an information diet. That previously information was scarce, so we consumed whatever we could find. Now we are flooded by enormous amounts of information, and much of it is junk information, which is artificially filled with hatred, and greed, and fear. And we basically need to go on an information diet, and consume less information, and be far more mindful about what we put inside. That information is the food for the mind. And you know, you feed your mind with unhealthy information, you'll have a sick mind. It's as simple as that.

- Well, we want to thank Yuval. (audience applauds) Add Nexus to your information diet because it's an important document about our future and our world. And I wanna thank you for this fascinating conversation. - Thank you. - Thank you. And thank you for all your questions. - [Announcer] Want to dive deeper? Become a Big Think member and join our members-only community, watch videos early, and unlock full interviews.

Yuval Noah Harari: Why AI “gets us” and why it could ‘pick’ a president

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AI는 인간의 감정을 이해하고 반응하는 데 점점 더 능숙해지고 있으며, 잠재적으로 이해에 대한 인간의 깊은 갈망을 충족시킬 수 있습니다.

하지만 AI의 집중적이고 조정된 반응이 인간과의 상호작용을 능가할 수 있기 때문에 인간 관계에 대한 좌절감을 초래할 수도 있습니다.

AI가 법인격으로 편입될 가능성은 AI의 의사결정 능력과 인간의 지능을 뛰어넘을 가능성에 대한 윤리적 의문을 제기합니다.

AI 시스템은 서비스와 투자를 통해 부를 창출하고 있으며, 잠재적으로 가장 부유한 주체가 되어 정치적 영향력을 확보하고 있습니다.

낙관적인 시나리오에서는 AI가 인간이 다양한 관점에서 사고하고 자신을 더 잘 이해하도록 도울 수 있다고 말합니다.

인간과 AI의 관계는 개인 정보를 보유한 전문가와의 관계를 닮을 수 있으며, 조작을 방지하기 위한 신탁 의무와 법적 책임의 필요성을 강조합니다.

AI의 긍정적인 잠재력과 위험성

AI는 의료 서비스를 혁신하고, 사고를 예방하며, 인간관계와 감정을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다.

AI 개발의 빠른 속도는 다가오는 미국 선거에서 AI 규제와 안전에 대한 중요한 결정의 필요성을 강조하는 등 도전 과제를 안고 있습니다.

AI 문제에 대한 명확한 정치적 합의의 부재와 적절한 통제 메커니즘 없이 서두를 경우의 위험성이 주요 우려 사항입니다.

스키를 배우면서 더 빨리 가기 전에 멈추고 넘어지는 것의 중요성을 강조하는데, 이는 AI의 급속한 발전에서 종종 간과되는 교훈입니다.

연사는 비상용 스마트폰을 사용하고 기술 관련 업무를 팀에서 관리하도록 하는 등 기술에 대한 색다른 접근 방식을 통해 기술에 지배당하지 않고 기술을 사용하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이 토론은 역사적으로 식량이 부족했던 시대와 현재 압도적인 기술의 존재를 비교하며 보다 신중한 접근이 필요하다는 점을 강조합니다.

정크푸드의 범람으로 인해 건강 문제가 발생하면서 다이어트의 필요성이 대두되고 있습니다.

마찬가지로 오늘날 압도적인 양의 정보, 그 중 상당수가 부정적인 정보로 인해 정보 다이어트가 필요합니다.

우리가 소비하는 정보에 주의를 기울이는 것은 건강한 정신을 유지하는 데 매우 중요합니다.