더웬트 밸리: 산업 혁명의 요람

### 산업 혁명: 영국의 변혁적 여정 추적하기
* 🏭 엘리자베스 1세 통치 이후 영국은 **더웬트 계곡을 중심으로 산업혁명**으로 대표되는 황금기를 맞이했습니다.
* 🌍 18세기 후반, 영국 제국이 확장되고 런던이 국제 무역의 중심지로 번성하면서 **면화 산업이 부흥**했습니다.
* 더웬트 밸리는 모직 제품에서 18~19세기에 설립된 현대식 공장으로 전환하면서 **면화 생산의 진원지**가 되었습니다.
* 💧 최초의 수력 방적 공장은 **1771년 크롬포드에 설치**되어 인근 수로를 이용해 산업혁명을 시작했으며, **1776년에 공장 자체가 지어졌습니다.**
* ⚙ 오래된 공장 안에는 **섬유 생산에 혁명을 일으킨 비행 셔틀**를 비롯해 **영국을 세계적인 제국으로 만든 기계들**이 전시되어 있어 시간이 멈춘 듯합니다.
* 🌉 1779년에 건설된 최초의 철교인 아이언브릿지 밸리로 이동하면 **철의 대량 생산으로 이어진 산업 발전의 시대**를 상징하는 철교가 있습니다.
* 👨 이 다리의 탄생은 **더비 가문의 헌신**에 기인하며, 르네상스가 문명에 미친 영향과 마찬가지로 진보에는 **여러 세대에 걸친 노력**이 필요하다는 것을 반영합니다.
* 🚢 마지막으로 1805년 역사적인 전투에서 영국의 해군력을 증명하는 **기함 빅토리아 호**를 타고 여행을 마무리합니다.

더웬트 밸리는 혁신과 헌신을 통해 영국을 글로벌 강국으로 변화시킨 영국의 산업혁명을 상징합니다.

After the reign of Elizabeth I, England developed and entered its golden age through the Industrial Revolution. We head to the Derwent Valley to find traces of this era. In the late 18th century, during the Industrial Revolution, the large empire constantly expanded across the world, and London prospered as a center of international trade. This is the Derwent Valley, which can be called the cradle of the English Industrial Revolution. In the late 17th century, England began to produce cotton textiles using cotton from India and exported them throughout Europe. As the cotton textiles gained immense popularity in Europe, England shifted its focus from woolen products, which had been its mainstay, to the development of the cotton industry. The Derwent Valley became the mecca of the cotton industry, where modern factories were established in the 18th and 19th centuries. This place truly embodies that legacy.

This place has truly written a new page in the history of human civilization, and it makes my heart swell with emotion. This is where the first water-powered spinning mill was established. The small water wheels, forcefully turning and splashing white foam, are the very substance that made Britain the world's factory and created an empire that never set. By utilizing the power of nature rather than human labor, Britain initiated the Industrial Revolution, raising the level of wealth of human civilization to an unprecedented level. It is indeed a site of great creation. 

The reason the first spinning mill in Cromford was established in 1771 is that there was a nearby waterway that could provide a stable water supply. The building I see before me is the first spinning mill, constructed in 1776. This is where the Cromford Mill began, and thus, the Industrial Revolution commenced.

This place, though transformed into almost a ruin due to the ravages of time, is indeed the site where human history was rewritten. Nearby, I found a location that showcases the early spinning mill, so I went to take a look. What was the appearance of that old factory like? 

As I stepped inside, it felt as if I had boarded a time machine and traveled back to the past. The machines here were instrumental in turning a small island nation called England into a vast empire that dominated a quarter of the world. What’s even more surprising is that this antique spinning machine, which I thought was just a relic, is still operational. 

In the 18th and 19th centuries, cotton grown in America was brought to England, where it was transformed into textiles. The device that feeds the cotton from both sides is known as a flying shuttle, which was a groundbreaking invention at the time.

We are now able to create fabric much faster. It's truly moving because this is the flying book that I only read about in books. I didn't know what it was, but seeing it in person, it feels like it's containing poetry. It's moving so quickly, almost like it's flying, while weaving the fabric. With this, humanity has started to create something not with human hands, but with machines. 

We are heading towards the Ironbridge Valley, searching for another cradle of the Industrial Revolution. This place, from the factory to the railway, holds all the elements that contributed to the industrial development of the 19th century. It is known as a symbol of the world's Industrial Revolution. Among them, the most representative is the Iron Bridge itself. 

The village is very pretty. The village is beautiful, and I really enjoy the tranquility. However, I am currently feeling very moved.

I'm feeling a certain way about the bridge I'm currently walking on; it is the first iron bridge ever built in human history. The Iron Bridge was constructed in 1779 by the Derbyshire ironworks and is the world's first iron bridge. Building a railway bridge at that time was something unimaginable. This bridge marked the rise of cast iron as the primary material for construction. From this point, mass production of iron began, ushering in the era of the Industrial Revolution. Here, there is a marker indicating that it was made in 1779; it truly is very old. This was during the reign of King Jeongjo when iron bridges like this were built. When I come to the Iron Bridge, I always think of certain people. Ultimately, making history and advancing civilization is not achieved in a single generation; it requires dedication and effort across multiple generations. The Medici family from Florence is one such example.

Just as the Renaissance brought forth change, the Iron Bridge was also a product of the Derby family, an entrepreneurial lineage in England. Derby I created the foundry, while Derby II further developed and commercialized the steam engine. Over three generations, when the third Derby came into power, a significant amount of money was invested in constructing this bridge, allowing it to stand tall as a center of the world. The emergence of democracy and industrial evolution transformed this remote island nation into a powerful empire, made possible by the sacrifices and dedication of countless individuals. 

Now, we are aboard the flagship Victoria, which Admiral Nelson commanded during the naval battle in 1805.

세계테마기행 - 영국 프랑스 문명기행 1부 대영제국을 걷다_#003

EBS offers a wide range of high-quality documentaries dealing with subjects, such as knowledge, science, culture and others.

EBS는 지식, 과학, 문화, 교육 등 다양한 고품질의 다큐멘터리를 선보이고 있습니다.

EBSDocumentary (EBS 다큐)

더웬트 밸리: 영국 산업 혁명의 요람

더웬트 밸리는 18세기와 19세기에 현대적인 공장이 설립되면서 영국 산업 혁명에서 중요한 역할을 담당했습니다.

이 지역은 모직 제품에서 면직물로 초점을 전환하여 인도산 면화를 사용하여 유럽 전역으로 수출했습니다.

1771년 크롬포드에 최초의 수력 방적공장이 설립되면서 산업혁명의 시작과 함께 영국이 세계의 공장으로 부상하는 계기가 되었습니다.

영국의 오래된 방적 공장 터는 영국이 제국으로 부상하는 데 결정적인 역할을 한 기계와 함께 산업화의 변혁적 힘을 보여줍니다.

작동 중인 골동품 방적기와 비행 셔틀 발명품은 사람의 노동력 대신 기계를 사용하여 직물 생산에 혁명을 일으켰습니다.

공장과 철도가 있는 아이언브리지 밸리는 19세기 산업 발전의 상징이며, 인근의 아름다운 마을은 이 지역의 역사적 의미와 고요한 대조를 이룹니다.

1779년 더비셔 제철소에서 건설한 철교는 세계 최초의 철교로, 주철이 주요 건축 자재로 부상하는 계기가 되었습니다.

이 다리의 건설은 철의 대량 생산과 산업 혁명의 시대를 열었습니다.

이 다리는 역사를 만들고 문명을 발전시키는 데 필요한 여러 세대에 걸친 헌신과 노력을 상기시키는 역할을 하며, 피렌체의 메디치 가문이 그 대표적인 예입니다.

더비 패밀리와 철교가 미치는 영향

더비 가문은 파운드리를 설립한 더비 1세와 증기기관을 상용화한 더비 2세 등 영국의 산업 발전에 중요한 역할을 담당했습니다.

제3대 더비는 철교 건설에 막대한 투자를 하여 섬나라 영국이 강력한 제국으로 변모하는 데 기여했습니다.

이 이야기는 또한 1805년 중요한 해전에서 넬슨 제독이 지휘한 기함 빅토리아 호를 강조합니다.