워싱턴 DC의 지하철: 역사, 디자인, 그리고 "미국의 마지막 위대한 지하철 시스템"이라고 불리는 이유

### 워싱턴 DC의 메트로: 미국의 마지막 위대한 지하철 시스템
* 🗺 이 동영상에서는 워싱턴 DC의 지하철이 왜 "미국의 마지막 위대한 지하철 시스템"으로 여겨지는지 뉴욕시나 런던과 같은 다른 시스템과 비교하여 살펴봅니다.
* 🚂 런던 지하철에서 영감을 받았지만 수십 년 후에 건설된 워싱턴 DC 메트로의 독특한 디자인은 핵심적인 특징입니다.  긴 에스컬레이터나 엘리베이터가 필요한 깊은 역이 강조되어 있습니다.
* 🏛 1950년대의 초기 제안부터 1976년 개통에 이르기까지 워싱턴 DC 지하철의 개발 역사를 추적하며 정치적, 물류적 어려움을 강조합니다.  로이 척과 해리 위즈 같은 건축가의 영향도 언급됩니다.
* 🇺🇸 이 동영상은 워싱턴 DC 메트로의 건설과 보스턴, 뉴욕 등 다른 미국 도시의 지하철 시스템 초기 개발 과정을 대조합니다.
* 📏 워싱턴 DC 메트로는 230피트 길이의 서반구에서 가장 긴 에스컬레이터를 자랑하며 그 설계의 규모를 보여줍니다.  196피트의 포레스트 글렌과 같은 깊은 역도 눈에 띕니다.
* 🏙 ️ 통일성, 보안, 현대 미술 스타일이 특징인 이 건축 디자인은 기능성과 미적 매력으로 찬사를 받고 있습니다.  개방적인 디자인, 모서리가 없는 구조, 일관된 조명이 돋보입니다.
* 🎨 이 영상에서는 일부 역에서 그래피티가 아트 벽화로 변모하여 전체적인 미적 감각을 더하고 있다고 언급합니다.
* 👍 내레이터 호세는 워싱턴 DC 지하철의 아름다움과 효율성을 강조하며 지하철 이용을 강력히 추천합니다.

미국의 마지막 위대한 지하철 시스템인 워싱턴 DC의 메트로는 독특한 디자인과 웅장한 건축물을 자랑합니다.

As I travel across America, one of my favorite methods of transportation to get around cities is by train. Now, a

Metro system isn't always available in the many places that we visit, but when it is, you know for certain I'll be

jumping around stations. I'm no stranger to the Metro, as I grew up in New York City, and almost all of

our tours across the five boroughs have been a subway series. We've taken the metro in cities like Boston, Philadelphia,

and even across the country in Los Angeles. But one of the Metro systems that stands out to me is the one in

America's capital, the Washington, D.C. Metro, a system I visited plenty of times that services the whole DMV area—that's

D.C., Maryland, and Virginia. So I put my curious mind to work as I toured the neighborhoods of Washington, D.C.

I'm Jose, and I'm on a mission to better understand why Washington, D.C.'s Metro is called America's last great subway

system. [Music] This is the Metro system of Washington, D.C.'s Chinatown, one of many Chinese-inspired stations across the country.

It's partly what inspired me to dive into the history of the D.C. Metro. When I visited other Chinatown stations

throughout America, I noticed something different about the one in D.C. The first thing was the distance from above ground

to the actual train platform. In some instances, you have to take multiple escalators, and it feels like an endless

walk. The second thing was the design. Almost all of Washington's Metro stations have a similar architecture, but to better understand the uniqueness

of the D.C. Metro, we have to go back to the beginning of the subway system. [Music] Our study begins across the Atlantic

Ocean, to England and the London Underground, the very first subway system. The London Underground shares so many similarities to that of D.C.'s Metro.

The London Underground opened in 1863, becoming the world's first underground passenger railway, although above-ground trains and platforms had already been in service for over 60 years.

The rapid growth from the Industrial Revolution led to considering a different rail archetype. London was growing rapidly, increasing daily commuters to the city.

Between horse-drawn cabs and omnibuses, the roads were constantly congested. The city was experiencing an uptick in traffic.

Charles Pearson, a Member of Parliament, began pitching the idea of a central railway system for London. Pearson wanted to create a system accessed by tunnels, opening usage to multiple train companies and expanding current rail lines.

Immediately after hearing Pearson's idea, the audience rejected it. England's Parliament felt the project would be too expensive and disruptive for the growing city.

From Pearson's proposal in 1846, it took six years to gain enough capital.  In 1852, Charles' vision made headlines; he was determined to usher in the future of London's transportation.

Pearson formed the City Terminus Company and put a railway at King's Cross. At the same time, the Metropolitan Railway Company was founded.

The Metropolitan company pursued connecting Paddington Station to King's Cross, a two-and-a-half-mile stretch of rail beneath London, passing below Park Square (opened in 1823).

Building the rail would be disruptive to the city. Both the Metropolitan Railway Company and Charles Pearson's company took their ideas to Parliament.

The Met company's proposal was approved, while Pearson's idea was again rejected.

same reason: too costly and complex to build, so Pearson returned a year later with a shorter line that was finally approved

in 1854. There's a lot of in-between politics that occurred during this period, but the

full unveiling of the Metropolitan Railway came in 1863. Unfortunately, Charles Pearson had passed away

three months before the unveiling of his life's greatest invention. [Music] Back in America, the Metro system took

off, and soon after, Boston, Massachusetts, unveiled the very first metro in the states: a mile-and-a-half trolley line

that first opened to the public in 1895. Before long, underground subway systems popped up all over the country, including

New York City, which boasts America's largest metro system at a staggering 299 miles of rail line. But Washington, D.C.'s

Metro wasn't unveiled until 1976, decades after many large American cities had already been operating with Metros.

With so many commuters working in the federal area and the congested traffic of Washington, D.C.'s freeways, it was only

a matter of time before D.C. developed its own subway system. [Music] Washington, D.C., had a system of

private buses and streetcars, as we still find in the repurposed Dupont Underground art venue.

Plans for creating an underground Metro in the Washington, D.C., area began in the early 1950s. As the city expanded its

freeway system, the installation of a Metro system came as a result of urban planning. By this time, across America, most people were

using cars for transportation, so city planners were tasked to create more freeways and highways. This further congested traffic in the

Washington, D.C., area, leading to an extensive period of politics and acquiring rail and streetcar lines to

Designing a perfect system for the metro area; many people have been involved in the project, dating back to as early as the 1930s.

And even landing on the desks of several presidents, but with so much changeover, Congress finally appointed architect Roy

Chuck to oversee the development of the Washington Metro. He had to replace all streetcars with buses by 1963.

In 1962, there was a proposal to develop a rail system in the capital. The newly formed institution called the National

Capital Transportation Agency. This new system was challenged by the highway commission, which the rail planners lost, leading to a reduction of the original

track proposal. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Capital Transportation Act of 1965, which authorized the construction of 25 miles

of rail track. By 1965 and 1966, respectively, both Maryland and Virginia had signed on

along with Washington, D.C., to create a regional interstate compact. This allowed the extension of the rail system to

cross state borders. So in 1969, we entered the moment the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority broke ground.

Washington, D.C., is one of the most beautiful subway systems in America, and now that Dupont Circle station has been

decommissioned, we're left with this amazing subway station. So why is Washington, D.C.'s Metro considered the last great American

subway system? Well, that's simple: it was the last one to be created in America. In doing so, the experience meant it would

be grandiose. Chicago-born architect Harry Weese was tasked with designing Washington's forthcoming rail system. Weese had

uniformity and security in mind when laying out his blueprint. Let's analyze the design of the Washington Metro. For

the minor exception of some stations, the entrance to these hubs can become a long trail underground. Here at Dupont Circle station, it's a 188-foot

escalator ride. I mentioned this in a lot of videos: I'm terrified of heights, so if you look

behind me—yeah, I'm trying not to look back—but that's the story for a lot of these

stations in Washington, D.C. Well, I'm here. Let's go! Let's go! I can finally move my feet. Like I said, I

wasn't trying to look back, but gorgeous subway station, by the way. We're in a station in the DMV.  The Metro line contains the

longest escalator in the Western Hemisphere—a remarkable 230-foot-long escalator to get to the train.  Classes

look at that deep descent!  To some of these Metro stations is because of the different geography and topography of extending

rail lines to three different territories. D.C. itself has a mixed geography of hills, and as we get closer

to the core of the capital and areas like Arlington and Alexandria in Virginia, we start nearing sea level. Then

we have a station like Forest Glen in Maryland; it's such a deep station, at 196 feet, that you could only access the

platform by elevator. [Music] Once we're in the station, we have to look at the design: the grand canvas, with

its curvature, makes up the uniformity of Reese's blueprint—a contemporary art style with patterned ceilings. Focus on

functionality; the walls are spread out from passenger reach to reduce the facing, like found all over subway systems in other great

cities. I'm looking at you, New York City, and my second home of Philadelphia. And don't even get me started on Chicago!

[Music] Hey, is that Kanye West? One of the things that many of these cities have done is turn the graffiti

into beautiful art murals. [Music] The station is supposed to be one long, unobstructed design without any corners.

to hide the pillars or block the view, just a long layout where you can see from end to end

There's also no direct sunlight throughout these stations, with the only lighting being on the rail track. If you

look at these stations with the same eyes as someone who grew up in a city with a traditional metro system, it

definitely looks futuristic in comparison, earning that moniker of the last great subway system. [Music]

[Music] I highly recommend taking the metro. A lot of these stations kind of look familiar; they have the same design. I mean,

they're gorgeous. That's why I say it's one of the most beautiful subway stations in America. I'm Jose, and I thank you for joining me

on this deep dive to discover the origins of the Washington Metro. If you've enjoyed this video, please give it

a like and share. If you want to see more in the capital region, please stay tuned for the following video. Until next time,

How the Washington DC Metro Became AMERICA'S BEST METRO!

Jose On Tour

소개 소개: 호세의 메트로 시스템 경험

호세는 도시 여행 시 기차 이용을 선호합니다.

그는 가능한 한 지하철을 이용합니다.

뉴욕에서 자랐고 지하철을 자주 이용합니다.

그는 보스턴, 필라델피아, 로스앤젤레스의 지하철을 이용했습니다.

그는 워싱턴 DC 지하철이 예외적이라고 강조합니다.

워싱턴 DC의 차이나타운 역과 다른 역 비교하기

D.C.의 차이나타운 역에 대해 설명합니다.

다른 차이나타운 역과의 차이점을 참고하세요.

거리에서 플랫폼까지의 거리를 강조 표시합니다.

긴 산책로와 여러 개의 에스컬레이터를 지적합니다.

워싱턴 D.C. 역의 독특한 건축 디자인을 관찰하세요.

동영상은 런던 지하철의 역사로 시작됩니다.

런던 지하철과 워싱턴 DC 메트로의 유사점.

런던 지하철은 1863년 세계 최초로 개통했습니다.

빠른 성장과 출퇴근자의 증가로 인해 탄생하게 되었습니다.

찰스 피어슨의 최초 제안과 거절.

피어슨의 끈질긴 노력으로 결국 승인을 받았습니다.

회사 설립 및 초기 철도 노선 건설.

1895년 보스턴 최초의 미국 지하철.

전국적으로 지하 시스템이 확산되고 있습니다.

비교를 위해 언급된 뉴욕의 대형 지하철 시스템입니다.

워싱턴 DC의 메트로는 1976년 훨씬 늦게 공개되었습니다.

교통 체증으로 인해 지하철 시스템이 필요했습니다.

1950년대의 초기 계획과 도시 계획의 영향.

자동차 사용량 및 교통 혼잡 증가.

수많은 개인과 사장이 참여하는 긴 과정입니다.

개발을 총괄하는 로이 척의 역할.

철도 선로 건설을 승인하는 존슨 대통령의 법안.

주 간 철도 연장을 허용하는 주간 콤팩트.

워싱턴 DC의 지하철이 '마지막 위대한 지하철'로 여겨지는 이유

이 지하철은 미국의 마지막 주요 지하철 시스템입니다.

이를 통해 웅장하고 계획적인 디자인이 가능했습니다.

균일성과 보안을 강조하는 해리 위즈의 디자인.

긴 에스컬레이터를 포함한 디자인 분석.

서반구에서 가장 긴 에스컬레이터가 특징입니다.

다양한 지형과 지형으로 인한 깊은 역.

스테이션 디자인: 웅장한 캔버스, 곡선형 건축물, 패턴 천장.

기능: 승객의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 벽을 설치합니다.

그래피티가 아트 벽화로 변신했습니다.

모서리가 없는 깔끔한 디자인, 긴 레이아웃.

직사광선을 피하고 철로 위에서만 조명을 비춥니다.

기존 지하철 시스템과 비교하여 미래지향적인 모습.