인간의 도덕성에서 악당의 복잡성

### 악당을 통해 본 인간 본성과 집단 도덕성의 복잡성 이해하기
* 😈 악당은 선과 악에 대한 전통적인 이원론적 관점에 도전하면서 **인간 본성과 집단적 도덕성의 복잡성**을 이해하도록 도와줍니다.
* 📜 역사적으로 악당은 **인류의 가장 깊은 두려움**을 대변하고, 경고의 역할을 하며, 도덕적, 사회적 가치를 정당화하는 데 사용되어 왔습니다.
* 🔄 사물이 종종 정반대로 변하는 **엔안티오드로미아의 개념**은 악당 구성에서 자주 볼 수 있습니다.
* 악당은 종종 **동기, 욕망, 개인적인 사연**을 가진 복잡한 캐릭터로 묘사되어 선과 악의 경계가 모호해집니다.
* 🤔 "어떤 결정을 내리든, 각자의 도덕적 가치관에 따라 **어떤 사람에게는 영웅이 되고 어떤 사람에게는 악당**이 될 수 있습니다."
* ☯ 중국의 음양 개념은 반대되는 것들 사이의 상호 의존과 조화를 설명하며, **선과 악이 모두 같은 실재의 다른 표현**임을 시사합니다.
* 🧘 자신과 타인의 내면에 잠재된 악의 가능성을 인식하면 이를 **희생양에 투사하는 것을 피하고 삶에 대한 보다 균형 잡힌 접근 방식**을 장려할 수 있습니다.
* 🌱 도전과 고통이 따르지만, 인생의 경험은 **성장과 깨달음**으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

악당은 인간 본성의 복잡한 반영으로서 집단적 도덕의 모호함을 드러내고 도전하는 역할을 합니다.

In childhood, we usually root for the heroes, but as we grow up, we come to understand and sympathize with the villains. I don't know what disfigured your life this way; perhaps normal people don't know. Maybe it's just you. Could it be that life's adversities, the lies, and betrayals we suffer, make us stop seeing the good in society and in things? The truth is that it's all much broader than a mere dualistic question of good and evil, right and wrong. Because if we take a step back, what would good and evil be? Who defines that? Would it be God, your religion, the government, the law, the authorities, the rich and powerful, your parents? Well, in this video, I will show how emblematic villains can help us understand the complexity of human nature and, above all, of collective morality. Who are you looking at, idiot? An analysis that challenges our common sense, challenges our basic perceptions, and still reveals something fascinating about ourselves. Figures of evil have always been present in our history, whether in mythologies, legends, or religious texts. They appeared as a way to symbolize humanity's deepest fears and to justify the existence of moral and social values. They served as warnings, as lessons, representing what could happen if the paths of virtue and order were abandoned. As time evolved, we saw these figures becoming increasingly complex. Authors like Shakespeare and Dostoyevsky decided

Three-dimensional characters with motivations, desires, and personal stories, a development that allowed readers to understand villains not just as simple embodiments of evil but as human beings with conflicts and understandable desires. Usually, the villain tends to be the guy who sees the world in a way that most don't, a guy whose experiences he has lived through and suffered are the main drivers of his actions, where the search for justice and revenge are the solutions that life has taught him for his problems, so cruelly deceived that he can't trust anything anymore. Let me help you, sorry, but no. And let's be honest, who has never felt deceived, betrayed, or wronged in life? Villains, through their controversial actions, manifest and expose an evil that, despite varying from person to person, in some way, everyone carries within themselves. The popularity of villains as protagonists is not by chance. People identify by deeply exploring this dark side, allowing us to understand what shapes these complex characters, revealing that the struggle between good and evil is much broader than fairy tales suggest. If society teaches us notions of right and wrong, over time, we realize that the results we obtain are not directly linked to these rules of good and evil. As Machiavelli said, any man who tries to be good all the time is doomed to end up in ruins among the large number of those who are not good. Therefore, a prince who wishes to maintain

Your authority must learn not to be good and to use that knowledge or refrain from using it as needed is a mere illusion if you see yourself as a good person all the time because no matter how good you are, you will always be the villain in someone's story. Morality is not a set of fixed and defined rules to be followed, but something that is constantly changing with much ambiguity and numerous conflicting perspectives. The problem with morality is precisely these pre-established rules, making it a rarely questioned topic, something bigger than ourselves, be it something Divine, structural, or forbidden, and thus it becomes unquestionable, superior, and eternal. But I wanted to propose to you to question morality and the elements that support it. Ask yourself what morality is, who it serves, and why it cannot be questioned. It is a human construct, a reflection of specific customs and values of a time, maintained more out of habit and submission than the value it supposedly has in itself. Once obedience to its precepts is established, it tends to prevail because it is already internalized in people. The interest in villains is often provoked by the rejection of this collective morality. They create their own morality, are free from doctrines, and act according to their own justice. To better understand this issue of the ambiguity of morality, one of the dilemmas I like the most is the train dilemma. The question is:

Would you divert the train track to save five people at the cost of one life, or would you not interfere and let the train continue on its normal course, killing the five people? Obviously, many people want to understand more about the situation. Who are the people on each track? Do you have any family members, acquaintances, children, politicians, or anything else on the tracks? But for the sake of simplification, consider a homogeneous group that you are unfamiliar with. What would you do? Proponents of consequentialism will say that the morally correct action is to maximize joy or minimize suffering, and therefore save the five lives at the cost of one. On the other hand, according to deontology, an ethical theory by Immanuel Kant, human actions should be guided by moral duty and not by the expected results. From this point of view, it is morally wrong to harm an innocent person even if it leads to a greater general good. In the end, the reality is that regardless of the decision you make, you will be a hero to some and a villain to others because it depends greatly on each person's moral values. And mainly on how the story is told. The classic cartoon of Tom and Jerry is an example of this. Initially, we get the impression that Tom and Jerry are mortal enemies, but as the episodes progress, we realize how their interactions strangely suggest a mutual dependence. Without Jerry, Tom would lead a relatively peaceful but monotonous life. Without Tom,

Friends making Tom constantly have to pretend to hate Jerry as a way to protect him so that Tom's owner doesn't want to replace him with a cat that really wants to kill him reveals how our roles are not fixed, how our perceptions can change, and depend on various perspectives that can have multiple layers of meaning that go far beyond our understanding of right and wrong. Another representation I like is the final scene of the movie Batman: The Killing Joke. I don't know what warped your life this way, but maybe I've been through that. We can work together; I can rehabilitate you. You don't have to be alone in this. In this scene, the Joker sees himself defeated by Batman, who instead of finishing him off, offers him help, an unusual situation that even leaves him somewhat speechless. Sorry, but it's not too late for that. But quickly, he returns to his character. This reminds me of a joke, a joke that is nothing more than a metaphor for this situation. Once upon a time, two guys were locked together in a madhouse, and one night they decided they didn't like it there anymore and decided to escape. The two crazies in the story represent him and Batman, who are tired of living in madness. They climbed up to the terrace and on the other side of a small gap, they saw the rooftops of the whole city, they saw all the freedom. The first guy jumped to the other

Afraid of falling, Batman was the crazy one who managed to jump, and the Joker was the one who was afraid of regaining freedom and once again not being able to deal with the sufferings and sanity that would require. So, the first guy had an idea. He said, I have a flashlight here. I can light up the gap between the buildings, and you can cross through the light and come here. This passage symbolizes Batman offering help to the Joker in his rehabilitation. But the second guy said, Do you think I'm crazy? You'll turn it off when I'm halfway there. This way, the Joker reveals his fear and distrust, believing that they will lose faith in his recovery and that he will be abandoned in the middle of rehabilitation. Sorry, he starts laughing, and Batman also laughs, indicating that he understood the joke, realizing that despite wanting to help the Joker, he is incurable and still does not wish or hope to be rehabilitated. Therefore, Batman sees him as a threat to society and feels compelled to kill him right there. [Laughter] Although it is not clear in the image, it can be deduced since only Batman's laughter is heard in the end. This is not to mention the name of the movie itself, The Killing Joke. I told all these stories to exemplify how complex the issues involving morality are and how narrow the line that separates the hero from the villain is. After all, is Batman

Could the Joker rehabilitate from madness, or would Batman be a society's protector or a cold-blooded killer who served justice with his own hands? To understand these aspects, it is essential to recognize the polarity of life, that is, the idea that there are opposing and complementary forces in constant interaction, instead of an absolute and irreconcilable conflict between good and evil. It is very common to see people denying and devaluing philosophies that soften the absolute differences between good and evil. However, there lies the great paradox because the tendency to condemn others and find evil in them is directly linked to a person's lack of awareness of their own dark aspects. The psychoanalyst Carl Jung proposed that the evil we identify in others often reflects what we deny or do not recognize in ourselves. What man does not understand, he fears, and what he fears, he tends to destroy. Heraclitus, an ancient Greek sage, discovered what Jung defined as the most fantastic psychological law of all, the regulating function of opposites called enantiodromia, which means running in the opposite direction and brings the idea that things often transform into their opposites. A concept widely used in the construction of villains, where a traumatic past is reflected in a malicious future. I will mention some examples to make it clearer, like in the Batman movie The Killing Joke, which I have included here.

In the final scene before the movie, it tells the story of the Joker, showing that initially he just wanted to make people laugh and take care of his family. How are we going to feed our child? Do you think I'm not worried about that? I'm sorry, I can't support you, it's okay, the baby is only due in three months. I have to get you out of here before the baby is born. But the tragedies that happen in his life end up leading him to the other side. There was an accident this morning, a short circuit, and my wife died. I'm very sorry. The policeman said the chances were one in a million. You are another representation of the Joker that also explores this concept is with Arthur Fleck from Joker. A victim of society who rebels against itself, like Anakin Skywalker, who starts as a promising hero destined to bring balance to the force, but his growing insecurities and desire for power lead him to the opposite side, transforming into [Music] Darth Vader. Breaking Bad's Walter, a underestimated family man and chemistry teacher with a terminal diagnosis, transforms into a manufacturer and dealer of methamphetamine. Two-Face from Batman in The Dark Knight is an upright district attorney where his strong belief in justice is corrupted by chaos, turning him from a law defender into someone who subverts it based on chance. [Music] And to close the case, Syndrome from The Incredibles, who is an unconditional fan

Superheroes are mainly from Mr. Incredible, you're the one who fights after being rejected by technology to eliminate superheroes. I wanted to help you, that's all I wanted to do, just give me a chance. It's just because I don't have superpowers, right? Not all superheroes are super powerful. You can be super without them, no problem. It's super now, a destructive obsession seeking to eradicate those who he once aspired to be. But I learned an important lesson: you can't trust anyone, especially not your heroes. I was wrong to treat you that way. In real life, enantiodromia is often an unconscious process used by the mind to correct imbalances in our lives. We think that by acting this way, we are on the path to liberating internal conflicts, but it is nothing more than a response to a lack of understanding and integration of aspects of our minds. According to Jung, the only person who escapes the implacable law of enantiodromia is the one who knows how to separate from the unconscious, not by repressing it because then it simply attacks from behind, but by clearly placing oneself in front of it as what it is - consciousness. Being aware that the potential for evil exists in both ourselves and others can reduce the likelihood of projecting it onto scapegoats. This means pointing fingers, blaming them for personal problems instead of recognizing one's own inability to deal with their dark sides. This practice

A simplistic dualism of us versus them, avoiding recognizing the real complexity of events. The famous Chinese concept of Yin and Yang explains well this idea of interdependence and harmony between opposites. Where the Yang, the white and positive part, and the Yin, the black and negative part, are represented by two fish that seem to be eating each other's tails in what seems like an eternal conflict. Now, the key question is: are these two fish really in conflict? If that is the case, then it is clear that life is fundamentally nothing more than a dark competition. If one represents the good subject and the other the bad subject, if one represents order and the other chaos, then there is a battle between them, and normally this is how we deal with conflicts in our lives: simply trying to hide our dark side to make it disappear. But, consider for a moment, what happens if the white fish swallows the black fish? It simply ceases to exist because it only appears in relation to the black. So, if these two fish become aware and understand this dynamic, they will realize that they are one. They walk together, they are inseparable from each other. And this realization is the experience called Awakening in Buddhism, an Awakening that life is not really a competition to make the positive triumph over the negative because both sides walk together; opposites are just different expressions of the same reality. An understanding that allows you a more balanced approach.

The experience, no matter how painful and bad it may seem, can lead us to growth. They refuse, they cling to the realm or the gods, or love illusions. Only the ladder is real, the CL is all.

VILÕES ensinam muito mais do que HERÓIS

WAR MAN

어른이 되면서 우리는 악당에 공감하고 선과 악의 개념에 의문을 품기 시작합니다.

악당은 단순한 악의 화신에서 공감할 수 있는 동기와 욕망을 가진 복잡한 캐릭터로 진화해 왔습니다.

주인공으로서의 악당의 인기는 선과 악 사이의 투쟁을 더 깊이 탐구하고 전통적인 도덕 개념에 도전할 수 있게 해줍니다.

악당에 대한 관심은 종종 집단적 도덕에 대한 거부감에서 기인하는데, 악당은 정해진 규칙을 벗어나 자신만의 정의감을 만들어내기 때문입니다.

기차 선로 우회의 윤리적 딜레마

한 사람의 목숨을 희생하여 다섯 사람을 구하기 위해 기찻길을 우회하는 것은 결과론과 공리주의를 통해 종종 분석되는 도덕적 딜레마입니다.

이 상황은 개인의 가치관에 따라 다르게 인식될 가능성이 있는 도덕적 의무와 전체적 선의 극대화에 대한 질문을 제기합니다.

도덕적 의사결정의 복잡한 특성은 톰과 제리 사이의 역학 관계, "더 킬링 조크"의 배트맨과 조커 사이의 상호작용 등 대중문화의 다양한 관점을 통해 설명됩니다.

배트맨과 조커의 복잡한 도덕적 역학 관계

배트맨은 조커의 재활을 돕겠다고 제안하지만 조커는 두려움과 불신을 표출하고 배트맨은 그를 사회에 위협적인 존재로 여깁니다.

이 이야기는 도덕성의 복잡한 문제와 영웅과 악당 사이의 모호한 경계를 잘 보여주며, 서로 대립하고 보완하는 힘이 끊임없이 상호 작용한다는 개념을 반영합니다.

배트맨과 조커의 역학 관계는 영화 '더 킬링 조크'에서 볼 수 있듯이 충격적인 과거가 악의적인 미래로 이어질 수 있는 반대의 심리 법칙을 보여주는 대표적인 예입니다.

조커의 기원 스토리에서는 일련의 비극으로 인해 악당이 되기 전의 선한 의도가 드러납니다.

아나킨 스카이워커, 월터 화이트 등 다양한 가상의 인물들도 선에서 악으로 변하는 비슷한 과정을 거칩니다.

융 심리학에 따르면 불균형을 바로잡는 무의식적 과정인 에난티오드로미아의 개념은 이러한 캐릭터의 아크에서 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

음양 개념은 중국 철학에서 상반되는 것들 간의 상호 의존과 조화를 설명합니다.

이 개념은 선과 악의 단순한 대립이라는 개념에 도전하며 두 힘의 공존과 불가분성을 강조합니다.

이러한 이해는 삶에 대한 보다 균형 잡힌 접근과 반대가 동일한 현실의 다른 표현일 뿐이라는 인식으로 이어져 궁극적으로 성장과 깨달음으로 이어집니다.