Oh, this was completely shocking. Because what is happening in the United States right now and how it affects us is important. Watching what is happening in the U.S. while understanding it in a historical context can shape our future. However, it turns out that something extremely important is happening. This is not a simple issue that will just end in the U.S.; it is going to escalate into a very significant problem. I believe it will have a profound impact on our future. Why did Trump nominate Pence, and Harris nominate someone for the U.S. presidential election? Who do you think will win? Honestly, I really don't know. The situation is that Trump is a given, and suddenly Biden is stepping down, while Harris is also serving as vice president. The U.S. presidential election is not just a simple U.S. election.

This is not just about who becomes president in the United States; it significantly impacts how the U.S. will shape the next four years, which, in turn, affects our country greatly. It's not just our nation; the entire world is influenced as well. Moreover, the current relationship between China, Korea, and Japan is not good, and the U.S.-China competition is intense. On top of that, the war is escalating. Particularly in the next presidential election, which president and which political group leads the United States will be a very significant issue. Therefore, what I have prepared today is a discussion on U.S. political history. Why did Trump nominate Pence and Harris nominate Walz? What I want to show is the current state of affairs in the U.S. and how it relates to Trump's nomination of Pence.

이제 해리스 월즈를 하나하나 살펴보도록 하겠습니다. 트럼프는 굉장히 많은 비판을 받고 있습니다. 그런데 트럼프가 받는 비판이 무엇인지에 대해 어느 시점부터 사람들이 아니, 또라이야라고 하면서 이렇게 가고 있는데, 사실 이 비판에는 포인트가 있습니다. 그래서 그 포인트를 기억해 두시면 앞으로 트럼프가 만약에 대통령이 된다면 어떤 행동을 할지에 대해 우리가 살펴볼 수 있습니다. 

데이비드 롬이라는 사람이 있습니다. 이 데이비드 프롬은 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 연설문을 작성했던 사람입니다. 그는 악의 축 발언으로 유명한데, 쉽게 말하면 네오콘 혹은 미국 공화당의 매파 쪽 사람입니다. 그러니까 당연히 강경파이기 때문에 트럼프와 코드가 맞을 거라고 생각할 수 있습니다.

He thinks about it, but what's interesting is that David Frum wrote a very critical book about Trump. Why is it that an influential figure in the American hardline Republican hawk or neocon circle is criticizing Trump? In Frum's view, Trump is destroying the political culture that America has built up over a long period. If you listen to this, you might feel that our country is not much different. First, according to Frum, Trump is engaged in corruption and misuses public funds. He essentially misappropriates the national budget as he pleases. The expenses he incurred at the beginning of his term exceeded the total expenditures of the Obama administration over eight years. This is how the discussion begins.

In May 2017, Congress allocated an additional $120 million to provide security for the Trump family, half of which was spent on local police expenses in Palm Beach, New York. This was necessary because the president frequently took weekend trips. For instance, when Eric Trump traveled to Uruguay in 2017, the Secret Service spent a whopping $100,000 just on the hotel room. Meanwhile, Donald Trump Jr. was visiting Vancouver, and his youngest daughter, Tiffany Trump, was traveling in Germany, all of which required security support, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. Prior to this, such expenses had not been incurred. Interestingly, during the same period, Trump Hotels was making a significant profit, as the president's business ties with foreign governments and American companies were generating revenue.

People who want to meet Trump travel from overseas, and if they come to the country, they all get expensive rooms at Trump hotels. This means that even while Trump is in the position of president, he is making a huge amount of money through his hotel management. We can observe this as well. The Trump family owns a building on Wall Street, and to acquire this building, they received a loan of a whopping $950 million from a Chinese bank, but they did not disclose this information. The family and his daughter, who are all wealthy, do not reveal their assets or the debt history of their companies under the pretext that it is all legal, and it is said that this amounts to over $1 billion. However, if we examine this situation, it shows that over the past several decades, the ethical guidelines for presidents established by American political society after Watergate have been completely undermined.

It's not illegal, but the fact is that there are people who understand the law well, and they often misuse or break it, causing a lot of problems. This has been an issue for quite some time, right? So, one of the main criticisms during the Trump era is that he did this a lot. The second point is his personality. His self-pity, irritability, blaming others, and so-called childish behaviors—these are actions that generally mature adults wouldn't exhibit, yet Trump continues to do them. Moreover, the problem is that because he behaves this way, the Trump camp, or those associated with Trump, are caught in a whirlwind of hatred, engaging in retaliatory accusations, leading to a continuous cycle of chaos. Consequently, in an attempt to cover this up, they resort to lies, and this creates a state of confusion. David Frum criticizes Trump's ineffective foreign policy, and I think this...

I think it's very important. Let me read this to you. In the days leading up to the 2017 South Korean presidential election, Trump violated the agreement to install a missile defense system on the Korean Peninsula and demanded that the South Korean government bear an additional cost of one billion dollars for missile defense. Just a week before the South Korean election, he threatened in an interview to terminate the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. At that time, a moderate candidate was elected as president, who ignored Trump's policies and pushed for negotiations with North Korea. This is why, from the perspective of conservative politicians in the U.S., President Moon Jae-in was seen as trying to independently improve inter-Korean relations while Trump was aggressively pushing his agenda and losing his influence. However, this is...

We need to think carefully about this. What we see is that during the Obama-Biden administration, there was no improvement in North-South relations. However, if we look at President Trump, he met with Kim Jong-un, and his approach of contract-based isolationism and somewhat free-spirited diplomacy could actually be an opportunity for South Korea. This is where we need to change our way of thinking. Now, let me mention one more thing. The last point is about declining isolationism, which is also interesting. Trump says, This is unacceptable; it's a terrible deal made by Hillary. He claims, We will renegotiate the agreement, or we will scrap it. What this means is that he is talking about the Korea-U.S. FTA, which was extremely favorable to South Korea, signed by Hillary. But in Trump's view, this connection doesn't matter at all.

The so-called THAAD defense system is something that South Korea is really taking lightly. They are adding an additional burden of 1 billion dollars. What's funny is that when the negotiations first took place, South Korea agreed to provide land in exchange for the U.S. to install missiles. Now, what does Trump say? He claims that the real threat to South Korea is not North Korea's missiles, but rather the THAAD system, which is deployed south of Seoul and is meant to protect U.S. troops stationed on the Korean Peninsula. South Korea held a presidential election, and a candidate who was skeptical of the U.S. won by a landslide. As expected, this candidate immediately suspended the deployment of the THAAD system, which Trump had tried to use as a secret for national security to extort defense spending. This raises another point for us to consider: it’s not just about foreign influences, but also about the internal dynamics of America that we should examine.

Anyway, the THAAD system is a defense weapon of the United States. However, if this U.S. defense system is deployed on the Korean Peninsula, it will inevitably lead to a confrontation with China. Consequently, the East Asian crisis will only escalate, and relations between China and Korea will inevitably worsen. Therefore, we need to look at this situation more rationally. We should consider whether we can separate U.S. interests from our own interests. Conversely, while many criticize Trump's isolationist diplomacy, as mentioned earlier, if we examine it closely, we may find that Trump's reckless foreign policy could actually present us with numerous opportunities.

This person was elected as the district attorney of the San Francisco District Attorney's Office after serving as a federal prosecutor. This reflects a critical perception of the Democratic Party in the United States. Harris is Black and of Indian descent, but she is also an elite figure. She possesses all these qualities, which is impressive. Of course, it might be more pronounced because she talks about herself in her autobiography. While serving as the Attorney General of California, she fought against multinational gangs, large banks, and major oil companies, and she especially worked hard to address racial imbalances. She is the second Black woman senator and the first Black and Asian Vice President. In summary, this can be described as someone who is typically conscious, progressive, and striving to address institutional and structural issues while making efforts to consider social minorities.

This is about style. Oh, it sounds really cool. The judicial system has struck down people's poverty. Where is the justice within it, and where is the fairness? How can it enhance public safety? Between 2000 and 2014, 95% of inmates in the United States were people awaiting trial. Most of these individuals had never been convicted and were defendants in non-violent cases. While they were incarcerated waiting for their trials, the government spent $38 million a day. What this means is that the current judicial system is so caught up in bias and punitive measures that it fails to achieve real justice. Most of those being apprehended are ordinary people and minor offenders. The simple punitive approach of the Republican Party is not solving social issues.

They are making very sharp observations. There is another point: skin color is the same. In cases of the same offense, Black individuals pay 35% more in bail than White individuals, and Latinos pay nearly 20% more. This is not a coincidence; it reflects the reality of our criminal justice system. We need to change this. Regardless of what is said, Black individuals and Latinos are being discriminated against. Additionally, the United States needs a revival of labor unions. During the Reagan era, American labor unions were severely destroyed. When labor unions are dismantled, workers' rights demands cannot be made. When Biden became president, he mentioned that America was back, and he rejoined the Tokyo agreement. He was talking about the need for a comprehensive response to climate change and similar issues.

Listening to the story, it seems both reformative and genuine. Now, there is an interesting logical structure that I would like to share. In 1889, there was a view that the legislation to exclude Chinese immigrants from the United States could be criminalized. Whether we fight for transgender rights, for the end of racial discrimination, against housing discrimination, or against cruel immigration laws, regardless of who we are, how we look, or how few commonalities we may have, we are all the same in our struggle for human rights and economic justice. This is a very important point. It reflects a characteristic of intellectuals who do not see society as merely a collection of individual problems but rather as a structural issue that requires structural improvements to solve. We must consider the socially vulnerable; when we begin to trample on the socially vulnerable, crime rates become more severe.

The social structure is breaking down. That's why, when listening to Harris, we see that she herself comes from a marginalized background but wants to use the law as a weapon to make American society better and to protect structural issues and social minorities. Up to this point, it is a typical intellectual stance, but it goes a step further. What that means is that she brings in gender issues. Whether it's the issue of transgender individuals or immigration, she asserts that we will fight equally against all problems arising from discrimination. However, this is where things start to get tricky. The reason is that gender issues, particularly those concerning sexual minorities, have various elements of conflict and contention. This is something that arises even among those who traditionally want to reform structures or care for social minorities. Harris's position reflects this intellectual complexity.

In the group, there is a consideration of how an ideal intellectual attitude can address current social issues. A larger problem is that the Democratic approach, often referred to as a sort of comprehensive remedy for all forms of discrimination, does not seem to resonate as well as expected. There are concerns about how to overcome this challenge. We also need to reflect on why a more populist and American-style progressivism has not been able to sustain itself. 

The individual in question is from the Rust Belt, an area that once thrived on manufacturing in the United States but has since deteriorated, now home to many impoverished white Americans. He was born in Middletown, Ohio, enlisted in the Marine Corps, and studied in Iraq. He graduated from Ohio State University and attended Yale Law School.

I am graduating as a senator. What's interesting is that this is a typical success story from the bottom, just like Kamala Harris. However, Harris showcases her competence and acts like a mainstream figure in America, even though she is racially different. On the other hand, Ben starts by saying that he is absolutely not a special person. Let me read just one part: I may be white, but I am not a WASP from the Northeastern ruling class. I come from Scottish-Irish ancestry and am a descendant of millions of white working-class people who did not receive a college education. For us, 'Ghana' is no different from 'Ghana.' Our ancestors largely lived during the era of the Southern slave economy, starting as field hands, then miners, and more recently as machine operators or manual laborers. Americans tend to categorize people like this.

I call them neighbors, friends, and family, even though they are referred to as hillbilly rednecks. What does that mean? I may appear to be white in terms of skin color, but I am not a successful elite white person. This fundamentally changes the concept of what it means to be white. This is a perspective that is not widely circulated in our country. Why do American churches and the conservative Republican Party support someone like Trump, who is really hard to understand? The truth is, they are only seeing half of Trump. Many white individuals who support the Republican Party have a different identity. Vance wrote a memoir about this, and it has become a big hit in America. What kind of world did Vance experience? In his neighborhood, drugs have spread, and there are no longer people willing to work hard. My father, Don Bomo, was my mother's second husband. My mom and dad got married in 1983, and I started walking...

I started to separate when I was about two years old. After about two years, my mom remarried another man. My dad gave up parental rights when I was six years old. For the next six years, my dad was like a ghost to me. This is another side of the life of half of white Americans. Then, what's really interesting here is that it honestly talks about American Christianity. On one hand, it is truly devoted and fulfills our life's needs, but on the other hand, there is a lack of values. This story reflects the concerns of serious Christians in America today. Originally, the country of America valued piety, family, and had a sense of ethical responsibility, but in terms of the church, that’s not the case at all. This is what the song Hillbilly by Ben captures.

In the autobiography, there’s an unfiltered moment where the old grandmother tells her grandson, In the end, all you have is family. You must protect your family; they are your hope. What this means is that the appeal of Vice President Pence is addressing the traditional American crisis. It refers to the traditional family ethics and morality that have been established over many centuries. Nevertheless, the grandmother emphasizes that family is everything, and for that, morality and ethics must be upheld. That is the essence of what America originally was. This theme is a crucial consciousness in Hillbilly Elegy, and in fact, there are many people in America who share this sentiment. These individuals are now heavily concentrated in the Republican Party. Now, let me tell you more about Pence.

There is a daily life in the neighborhood, but there are no jobs. People can't even move because they are poor. Many are living off government assistance, but the funny thing is that those who work hard earn very little money, so they can't even use their mobile phones. However, people living on government assistance can use their phones. What this means is that the welfare system is being abused. 

Now, an important point arises: even though many jobs have disappeared in the neighborhood, the drop in housing prices has trapped people. They want to move, but no one is willing to buy their homes, which leaves them stuck. Even if they sell their homes, they cannot repay their loans. The moving costs are too high, so many people can't leave. This was a complete shock to me because even during the Jimmy Carter administration and the Democratic government, the local...

The reinvestment method allowed people to purchase homes at low prices. During the Republican administration of George W. Bush, the ownership society also provided many opportunities for homeownership. As a result, poor white Americans were able to buy homes through loans throughout their lives. However, as we know, during the financial crisis of 2008, the housing mortgage system completely collapsed. This situation has drawn criticism from both the existing parties and the Republican Party itself, indicating that circumstances have changed. 

From Trump's perspective, it makes sense to bring in Vance because, after all, Trump himself is a successful American. He can show that even though he is a successful American, he can attract those who have not achieved success. Vance is the perfect fit for this narrative.

The racial logic of the past has ended. When looking at class, many white people in America are struggling right now. You understand what I'm saying, right? Studying American history is important because it helps us understand what is happening in America and how it affects us. On the other hand, by observing what happens in America, we can gain a global historical understanding that can shape our present. The reality is that something incredibly important is happening right now. In America, the most significant issue that both the Democratic and Republican parties fail to acknowledge is neoliberalism. There are also aspects that America has not dealt with. I will discuss the characteristics of neoliberalism later, but the growth of its doctrines shows that America is still doing quite well.

The United States is still the best country in the world. However, the problem is that this applies to the upper class in America, while the middle and lower classes are, frankly, struggling more than the middle class in South Korea. This reflects the reality of the U.S. and how the ruling elites of both the Republican and Democratic parties control the neoliberal system, which is not adequately addressed. As a result, important critiques of neoliberalism are coming from regions outside the U.S., such as France and Latin America, while within the U.S., discussions on such topics are almost nonexistent. People like Ben Shapiro come out and say that race is not important, pointing to the poverty of ordinary white people. However, that doesn't mean the issue of race has disappeared. Thus, the combination of these factors and the progressive movements in the U.S. suggests that we are steadily moving towards progress.

We need to address this; it's not a simple problem. It will escalate into a very significant issue in the future, and it will have a considerable impact. In that sense, I hope you continue studying American history, especially to understand what kind of people keep emerging in America. I am also very grateful today for the new members joining us, such as Benz and others. I want to emphasize that if you don't want to, you can join without any obligation to read it.

Now, I want to thank the new members: Mr. Bang Jejeong, Mr. Park, Ms. Galina, DJP, Mr. Kihwan Wonja, Ms. Hyemin, Ms. Kim Su-young, Ms. Radi, and Ms. Kim Hye-ri for joining us. I also appreciate Mr. Bina, Ms. Hwang Ji-young, Ms. Chibi, and Ms. Eun-jin Cho from the near future. Thank you for being part of this sustainable future, Siloa. I appreciate your participation, and I hope to bring you even better content.

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