타이타닉의 발견과 복구: 수십 년에 걸친 탐구

수십 차례의 실패 끝에 1985년 로버트 발라드가 첨단 소나 기술을 사용해 마침내 타이타닉 호를 발견했습니다.

### 타이타닉을 찾아서: 수십 년에 걸친 탐구
* 🚢 1912년 타이타닉이 침몰한 후 조난 신호로 **정확한 위치가 알려졌지만, 기술적인 한계**로 인해 즉각적인 수습이 불가능했습니다.
* 🔍 타이타닉 호를 찾기 위한 시도는 수년에 걸쳐 여러 차례 이루어졌으며, **1953년 리스텐 비슬리가 원시적인 소나 기술을 사용하여 처음으로 진지하게 시도**했습니다.
* 💰 1978년 괴짜 석유 재벌 잭 그림이 탐험대에 자금을 지원했지만 **초기 좌표가 부정확**해 수색 지역이 더 넓어졌습니다.
* 1985년, 미 해군의 지원을 받은 로버트 발라드는 잔해 지대를 기반으로 한 **새로운 수색 전략**을 사용하여 **타이타닉의 위치**를 찾는 데 성공했습니다.
* 🎉 승무원들은 **배의 보일러를 먼저 발견**한 후 선미와 선수 부분을 발견하는 등 이 발견은 매우 뜻깊은 일이었습니다.
* 🌊 이후 복구 시도는 기상 및 기술 문제로 인해 **1996년 주요 임무가 중단**되는 등 난관에 부딪혔습니다.
* 🎥 타이타닉의 발견과 복구 시도에 대한 전체 이야기는 **날씨 채널의 종합 동영상**에서 자세히 확인할 수 있습니다.
* 🎬 이 동영상은 다른 역사적 사건과 군사 작전을 포함한 고예산 다큐멘터리 시리즈의 일부로, **Nebula 스트리밍 플랫폼에서 독점적**으로 제공됩니다.

just before the Titanic sank to the bottom of the ocean, the ship sent out a distress signal containing its exact location. The coordinates sent out by the Titanic were extremely useful. The nearby ship, Carpathia, quickly headed towards them, and in fact, all survivors of the Titanic were rescued by this ship. And if it was easy to find the lifeboats, it seems like it would be easy to find the wreck. But this turned out to be wrong, and locating the ship became a puzzle that would take decades of technological advancements to solve and spurred a race between several explorers all competing to be the first. This is how the Titanic was found. With the last known location of the Titanic already recorded, the most immediate question after it sank wasn't focused on finding the wreckage but rather how to raise it from the ocean floor nearly 2 and 1/2 miles below to the surface. Technology just wasn't there in 1912 for divers to reach even a fraction of such depths, and absurd ideas such as using dynamite to dislodge the bodies.

from the wreck were quickly scrapped. It would take more than 40 years in two world wars that brought with them technological advancements, such as submarines and sonar, for the first serious expedition to head back out to the Titanic's last known location. In 1953, Risten Beasley, the founder of a salvage company from England, decided to try his hand at finding the impossible. Visible here are the coordinates from the distress call the Titanic made before it sank, sent out at 10:35 p.m. New York time. But even with the coordinates in hand, the search radius has to be quite a bit larger. The distress call was made 2 hours before the entire ship slipped beneath the water, a time in which the Titanic could have drifted and the currents could have pushed the ship even further. While it was sinking, the ocean is vast, and trying to find one single point on the ocean floor in complete darkness is nearly impossible. Wisdon Beasley began by dropping dynamite over the reported location of the Titanic wreckage.

explosives would create an echo that using Sonar could be plotted to create a bottom profile, which Beasley hoped would reveal the ship. Basically, a very imprecise early version of sonar mapping. In fact, too imprecise to yield any results, as Beasley found no luck. 20 more years would pass after his attempt when Robert Ballard, a marine geologist, wanted to make history. In 1977, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution had developed new survey equipment for mapping out the ocean floor. Ballard was tasked with testing this new state-of-the-art tech, but personally, his motivation lied with using this equipment for finding the Titanic. In the middle of the ship was a hole that would allow a long pipe to be extended into the water just above the ocean floor. Attached to the end of this pipe, Ballard rigged a pot that contains sonar and cameras with the hope that it would be able to detect the Titanic's wreckage once the ship passed above it. The expedition began with some early tests when suddenly disaster struck.

drill pipe broke, sending thousands of feet of pipe and the pot containing the expensive equipment crashing to the ocean floor, ending the search before it could even begin. Heartbroken and embarrassed, Ballard had to return to the institution without the expensive equipment he was set out to test and without any hint on the Titanic. More years would pass, and even during an age where the technology had finally advanced enough, it should theoretically be possible to find the Titanic, having the resources to undertake such an expedition was another matter entirely. Every trip had the potential to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, and not many were willing to part with so much money for what could be a fruitless search. That is until Jack Grim entered the scene. Grim was an eccentric oil tycoon based out of Texas, and he was no stranger to trying to find the impossible. He had previously tried to find Noah's Ark, and he had also financed expeditions to find the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot, and even an attempt to prove the

hollow Earth theory by trying to find a large hole in the North Pole. Now, Grim was determined to solve the mystery of the Titanic. Even though Grim had the money, he lacked the other piece of the puzzle: the technology and knowledge. He knew he would need a capable team with the expertise to work the equipment that would be required to accomplish this. He donated $300,000 to the Geological Observatory of Columbia University in New York in exchange for the equipment and crew he needed for to search. He would be joined by renowned scientist Dr. William Ryan and Dr. Fred SP, an unlikely alliance between two renowned scientists and a conspiracy theory-driven oil tycoon, perhaps exactly what's needed to find the ship. It seemed everything was lined up for this expedition to be a success, but Grim believed one thing was still missing. Always a believer in spectacle, Grim surprised the scientists by bringing a monkey named Titan on board. Grim whim claimed that this monkey was trained to point at a map and is able to figure out where the Titanic should be located. Dr. Ryan and Dr. Spe were shocked.

not used to scientific pursuits being joined with what they considered a performance act. The scientists threatened to leave the expedition and told Grim directly that it is either them or the monkey. To their surprise, Jack Grim actually chose the monkey. In the end, cooler heads prevailed, and Grim was finally persuaded to leave Titan behind, and the expedition could finally begin. The crew headed to the coordinates from the Titanic's distress call, and they would lower a side-looking sonar attached to a cable into the ocean, which would be towed along the ocean floor. This type of sonar sends out acoustic pings to each side; this way, there is a small area beneath the probe without any data, but on the sides, large areas of the ocean floor can quickly be mapped, and unusual shapes and bumps are spotted. Once such a shape has been found, an onboard magnetometer would be used to detect if that shape is metal, essentially if it is man-made or just a natural feature of the seabed. Finally, transponders were dropped in the ocean that would keep track of the sonar.

itself, so any areas of interest could be precisely marked with coordinates. But even after searching the entire area around the ship's coordinates, the crew found nothing. And increasingly, the scientists started to doubt the accuracy of the initial coordinates. Even though the Titanic gave its last known location here, the survivors that escaped in lifeboats were actually picked up around here, much farther east than they should have been, even accounting for ocean drift. Knowing this, the scientists theorized that the coordinates the Titanic gave were actually wrong, as the first officer did not account for a time change as they were traveling. And the only reason the Carpathia was still able to rescue people was because the actual recite was somewhere within the path towards the false coordinates. This opens the search area quite significantly, and they now believe the Titanic had a high probability of being somewhere in this 1,500 m rectangle. With the old coordinates ruled out, it was time to once again begin searching. The crew used a process commonly referred to as mowing the lawn.

Towing the sonar in overlapping lines, each pass, they would marked anything that stood out from the sonar's readings. But there was an issue: the magnetometer, which was supposed to let them know if any of these abnormal shapes were metal, was broken. And to make matters worse, bad weather rolled in, threatening the entire Expedition itself. Determined to carry out the mission, they still carried on and continued marking every abnormal area of interest they came across. And each time they found a new one, Grim's excitement grew, continuing until the last area was marked, making 14 in total. Grim was convinced that one of these areas had to be the Titanic, but he wouldn't get the chance to prove it. Time had run out; the charter for the equipment and the ship they were using was about to expire, and they needed to head home. Not ready to give up, over the course of the next year, the scientists and Grim prepared to set back out once again, this time using a more advanced sonar than the one they had used.

previously, one by one, each area was looked at in more detail, and one by one, they were ruled out as natural features. On the very final day, ready to give up, they decided, as a last-ditch effort, to try to use digital film. The camera would be fixed on a sled and dragged above the ocean floor. After passing the route, the camera was brought up to review the footage, and while watching, a new strange shape began to appear. Looking closer, it started to look more and more like a propeller. Grim was immediately convinced that they had done it; they had found a piece of the Titanic. Unfortunately, though, the time had run out, and before they could investigate further, they were once again forced to head home. Feeling that victory was just within reach, Grim was ready to head back out a third time in 1983 to investigate this propeller shape. He searched and searched but found nothing. There has since been much debate over what Grim found, whether the shape was, in fact, a propeller or rather just a rock, with even his own scientists disputing.

Grim over what the shape could be. Either way, it would never be located again. While Jack Grim was busy with his expeditions, Robert Ballard had watched from the sidelines, disheartened by his own failed attempt earlier but not ready to fully give up. Like Grim, Ballard did not have immense wealth at his disposal, but what he had was his own unique advantage: ties with the US Navy. Ballard had approached the US Navy with a proposal to design a new submersible that could be used to locate the Titanic. The Navy, however, wasn't so interested in the Titanic, but they were interested in the submersible. The US Navy made Ballard a deal: they would fund his project, but he would need to use the equipment to help them first on a completely different mission. Ballard agreed and began to develop this new tool for deep-sea exploration: Argo. Argo is a deep-towed sled that is remotely navigated above the ocean floor, attached to a research vessel by a long cable and piloted by a team on board. The sled is outfitted with

Sid scanning sonar, as well as cameras, that provide real-time imaging of the ocean floor. Still, in the late stages of the Cold War, the US Navy wanted to investigate two nuclear submarines that had been lost, the USS Thresher and the USS Scorpion. However, they didn't want the Russians to know about this, and so Ballard was deployed in 1984 under the guise of testing Argo. In order to find the Titanic, in reality, he was to map out the wreckage site of both submarines in order to assess any radioactive threats. Using Argo, Ballard studied the wreck sites of the submarines, and he began to pick up on something peculiar about both of them. Ballard noticed that as the warship sank to increasing depths, their wreckages imploded, creating a debris field around them. The heavier pieces sank closer to the wreckage itself, but the lighter pieces were carried away from the wreckage, leaving a sort of comet trail around it. An idea began to form in Ballard's mind while searching for the Titanic.

everyone had attempted to find the ship itself a needle in a Hay stack. But what if instead of trying to find the ship, he would look for the debris field that was likely around the wreckage? If he could find any parts of the debris, he could follow the comet trail back to the ship, a revelation that would change everything. But before searching for the Titanic, Ballard would still need to bite his time and continue his mission for the US Navy. He finally caught a lucky break in 1985 when he was sent out once again to map out the USS Scorpion. This time, however, he would be allowed to use any remaining time he had to take Argo on a search for the Titanic. Knowing the deadline would be tight, Ballard reached out to the French oceanographic institution IFREMER, and they devised a two-face strategy. The first part of the search would be led by John-Lou Michel of IFREMER, and the second part would be done by Robert Ballard. The idea was simple: Michel would first scout the entire search area using sonar.

mapping just so that in the Second Step. Ballard could focus his limited time to search only the most interesting spots. They came up with these two search areas. And while Robert Ballard was still carrying out his mission for the Navy. Michelle would begin by using the same mowing the lawn technique that Jack Grim had used. Scanning the ocean floor using a more advanced sonar. These search lines were not always exactly straight. Ocean currents would often drift the boat away adding yet another challenge. When it was time for Balor to join and take over the search. Michelle had not found anything. And to add even more pressure to the growing sense of another potential failed Expedition. Only 12 days remained before Ballard would need to return whether he found anything or not. In order to use his limited time as effective as possible. Robert Ballard came up with a plan informed by what he has learned about the brief Fields. He would not look for the ship itself but rather for its debris field. He also knew that on the night the Titanic sank. There was an ocean current going south.

therefore, lighter pieces in the debris field should have drifted towards the South. He came up with an estimate of how big the debris field should be. Now, he started searching, but instead of carefully doing lines over the entire search area, he would space out his lines. Just far enough apart that he should theoretically run into this debris field. Spacing these lines out allows him to cover a much larger area in a small amount of time. He also decided to rely much more on the camera feedback rather than on the sonar data. Cameras had been used in past expeditions, such as when Jack Grim believed he found a propeller from the Titanic, but his camera was not capable of providing live video feed. Argo instead could, and Ballard would be almost exclusively relying on the video rather than sonar. His team would take turns piloting Argo and watching the video feed around the clock. Days rolled by with nothing but the landscapes of the ocean floor passing through the video feed, and the crew was beginning to feel the mounting pressure of the

approaching deadline. The night watch was especially difficult, with the crew making sure to keep themselves awake as it felt like they watched the same natural features roll by minute for minute. But then, suddenly, the rocks they were watching started to look less like rocks and more like man-made debris. Now they were glued to the screens, the blurry images coming more into focus, definitely not [Music] rods, not daring to look away for even a second. A crew member quickly flashed pack down the ship's cook so that he could grab Ballard from his room. Within seconds, Ballard joined the crew on their monitors, and after a few more tense moments, an even larger shape began to fill the screen. There was no mistaking, as they had studied photos of the Titanic until they knew every detail by heart. Argo had just passed over the Titanic spoiler. After 73 years of searching, they had finally found the Titanic. Its location was a mere 3,300 ft away from where Michelle had searched previously, the ocean currents drifting him away from the

wreck. Immediate celebrations kicked off, disbelief and excitement making its way through everyone on board. But it was not for long until the reality of what they had found sank in, and the celebration was replaced with a moment of silence, with the crew honoring the more than 1,500 people who perished during this tragedy. The boiler the team had found was not far off from even more debris, and the team soon found the stern section of the ship. When it sank, the ship violently broke into two parts, and about 800 y from the stern, they then also discovered the bow, with the now iconic railing still intact. And now that the ship was found, it did not take long until people wanted to recover it, a dream that had long been imagined and even inspired a Hollywood film years prior. Smaller artifacts were soon brought up, but one man had larger ambitions. Not far off from where the original boiler was discovered, there is a large section of the ship's hull that could be recovered. On August 27, 1996, everything

was prepared. Free Expedition ships were circling the site, and right next to them are two large cruise ships. The recovery mission was to be a media spectacle with thousands of guests, including Titanic survivors and even celebrities on board. Using a submersible, special bags were attached to the piece, and soon it starts to rise from the ocean floor with cheers all throughout the cruise ships. But then things start going wrong. Good evening, everyone. I'm Brad Edwards here in the forecast center of the Weather Channel. Of course, special coverage continues with Hurricane Edward, which is posing a threat to the Eastern Coastline. The full story of the raising of the Titanic is fascinating, and it is one of many twists and turns, which is why I have produced a full-length video about this mission, explaining exactly how the piece was supposed to be raised, what went wrong, and what this story tells us about whether we should recover artifacts in the first place. This video was part of my ongoing series under exposure, in which I create my most ambitious larger budget documentaries. I've also made a video

about the tenor disaster the worst aviation accident that ever happened as well as a video about the US military raate on the bin Laden compound. These are the videos that I am most proud of making. They are documentaries that are not made for the YouTube algorithm but unrushed cinematic storytelling. This series is exclusive to nebula, a streaming site that I'm building together with other creators where we can create these higher budget Originals. So go to [Music].

How the Titanic Was Found

Neo creates educational short documentaries about topics ranging from politics, geography, media, society, and more.

타이타닉 난파선의 발견과 탐험

타이타닉은 정확한 위치와 함께 조난 신호를 보냈고, 근처에 있던 카파티아 호가 모든 생존자를 구조할 수 있었습니다.

하지만 이렇게 위치가 알려졌음에도 불구하고 난파선을 찾는 일은 수십 년에 걸친 기술적 퍼즐이 되었습니다.

1977년이 되어서야 해양 지질학자 로버트 발라드가 새로운 최첨단 조사 장비를 사용하여 타이타닉의 잔해를 발견하는 데 성공했습니다.

잭 그림의 타이타닉호 찾기 탐험대

시추 파이프가 파손되어 이전 타이타닉 수색 탐험이 중단되었지만, 괴짜 석유 재벌 잭 그림이 자금을 지원했습니다.

그림은 저명한 과학자인 윌리엄 라이언 박사와 프레드 SP 박사를 포함한 탐사 대원들과 필요한 기술을 위해 컬럼비아 대학교에 30만 달러를 기부했습니다.

처음에는 타이탄이라는 원숭이를 데려오는 것에 대한 논란이 있었지만, 결국 탐험대는 측면 소나와 자력계를 사용하여 해저를 매핑하고 금속 물체를 탐지하기 위해 출발했습니다.

타이타닉의 까다로운 잔해 찾기

타이타닉의 잔해 수색은 좌표의 정확성에 대한 의구심 때문에 난항을 겪었습니다.

초기 좌표가 시간 변경 실수로 인해 잘못되었다는 이론이 제기되었고, 이로 인해 수색 지역이 확대되었습니다.

장비의 고장과 악천후로 인해 수색은 타이타닉의 프로펠러를 발견하는 것으로 끝났지만, 추가 조사가 중단되어 결론을 내리지 못했습니다.

로버트 발라드의 타이타닉의 발견

로버트 발라드는 제한된 자원으로 미 해군의 지원을 받아 심해 탐사 도구인 아르고의 개발 자금을 지원받았습니다.

사라진 핵잠수함을 조사하기 위해 Argo를 테스트하는 것처럼 위장하고 실제로는 잔해의 위치를 파악하던 발라드는 독특한 잔해 패턴을 관찰하여 타이타닉을 찾기 위한 새로운 접근 방식에 영감을 얻었습니다.

촉박한 시한에 쫓긴 발라드는 프랑스 해양학 기관 IFREMER와 협력하여 소나와 탐사를 통해 타이타닉을 찾는 2단계 전략을 사용했습니다.

타이타닉 호를 찾기 위한 로버트 발라드의 기발한 계획

로버트 발라드는 타이타닉의 잔해가 해류에 의해 남쪽으로 떠내려가는 것을 고려하여 배 자체가 아닌 잔해를 수색하는 계획을 고안했습니다.

그는 수색선을 띄워 더 넓은 지역을 더 빨리 수색할 수 있었고, 소나 데이터 대신 카메라의 실시간 비디오 피드에 크게 의존하기로 결정했습니다.

이 전략을 통해 마침내 73년 간의 수색 끝에 이전 수색 구역에서 불과 3,300피트 떨어진 곳에서 타이타닉을 발견할 수 있었습니다.

타이타닉 구조 임무: 비극적인 발견과 실패한 인양 임무

타이타닉 난파선의 발견으로 처음에는 축하 분위기가 이어졌지만, 승무원들이 목숨을 잃은 이들을 추모하면서 분위기는 침울해졌습니다.

배의 유물을 회수하기 위한 노력에도 불구하고 이 임무는 난관에 부딪혔고 결국 실패로 돌아갔습니다.

브래드 에드워즈의 다큐멘터리에서 다룬 타이타닉의 인양 이야기는 유물 수습의 윤리성에 대한 의문을 제기합니다.