딸기 DNA 추출하기: 주방 과학 실험

### 딸기에서 DNA 추출하기: 재미있고 간단한 과학 실험
* 🍓 딸기는 각 세포에 **8개의 게놈 사본**이 들어 있어 많은 양의 DNA를 쉽게 추출할 수 있기 때문에 DNA 추출에 적합합니다.
* 이 실험에 필요한 재료는 **딸기, 주방 세제, 소금, 물, 소독용 알코올, 기본 주방 용품**과 같은 가정 용품입니다.
* 🔬 첫 번째 단계는 **비닐봉지에 담긴 딸기를 잘게 부수어 개별 세포를 분리**하는 것입니다.
* 그런 다음 **세제, 소금, 물의 용액**을 첨가하여 세포막을 열고 DNA를 방출합니다.
* ☕ 혼합물을 커피 필터로 걸러서 세포 찌꺼기를 제거하고 **딸기 DNA가 포함된 액체만 남깁니다.**
* ❄ 소독용 알코올을 액체에 첨가하면 **DNA가 침전되어 눈에 보이는 흰색의 콧물 같은 물질**을 형성합니다.
* 흰색 물질은 **정제된 딸기 DNA**로, 커피 교반기를 사용하여 수집할 수 있습니다.
* 🎵 실험은 과학자들이 농담 삼아 DNA를 **"맛있다", "멋지다"**고 표현하며 재미있고 교육적인 활동임을 강조하는 것으로 마무리됩니다.

딸기는 DNA 함량이 높기 때문에 가정용품과 간단한 단계를 사용하여 딸기에서 DNA를 쉽게 추출할 수 있습니다.

[ Music ] If only there was a good way to use genomics to find a good use for all these strawberries. Are you thinking what I'm thinking? [inaudible] Luckily, you only need household items to do that. Otherwise, it would take us forever to set up. But let's get going. [ Background Sounds ] Okay, well, it's super convenient. You had a craving for strawberries. They're really easy to extract DNA from. We'll be experts in strawberry and DNA. Do you know how many copies of the genome that each strawberry cell has? No, how many? Eight. Eight? Eight, 4 times more per cell than humans, so purifying DNA from a strawberry is really easy because it has so much DNA in it. Oh, that's a lot. Yeah. Awesome. It's sure awesome, no time to waste, let's use some science.

So let's just make sure we have
all the materials we need. Yeah, you know, it's always good
to get organized. Agreed. So first, 1 resealable
plastic bag. So I tend to use the small ones, you can use the big ones, but
small ones work really well. You're the experts so I will
listen to that. Okay. Two strawberries. Two strawberries. Very important. Two. And if I remember right,
it's actually very good to take off the green stems and get rid
of those. Correct. Okay. And you can use fresh or frozen.
Two teaspoons of dish detergent. So we have the dish detergent,
put that aside. Okay. And we have a teaspoon for
measuring it. Perfect. Alright, 1 teaspoon of
salt. So here's a teaspoon for
measuring, and here is the salt. Great. Okay, a half cup of
water.

So here we have a measuring cup, half a cup of water. I'll just sit that here. Perfect. Okay, 2 plastic cups. Got those. Got those right here. Okay. One coffee filter. We actually have an extra but yes I have a coffee filter. You never know. Yeah. Might need 2. Half cup of rubbing alcohol, we've got that right here. Yep. Got to be careful with that. One coffee stirrer. And I got 2 just in case we need an extra. Wonderful. There you go. And probably most importantly, 1 scientist or in our case, 2 scientists. Alright. Yes. Okay, so you take the strawberries and what you have to do is to basically break up the strawberries first because then in the next step we're going to break open the cells.

that are in the strawberries to release the DNA. But to sort of help that process along, you really got to unfortunately be a little mean to your strawberries, so you put them in the plastic bag and you seal up the plastic bag, and then you're going to gently just want to start smashing those strawberries as best you can. Now there's lots of techniques that can be used for this. You don't want to get too violent because if you do, you could spray strawberries all over your kitchen table or all over yourself. But at the same time, you have to really work it good as much to get sort of strawberry puree. We just keep getting this to the point that all the big pieces are broken up, and in doing so, you will then have it to a point where you can then go to the next step where

you're going to break open then
individual cells in strawberries, and let the DNA come floating
into solution. Here's the thing, in this bag are smashed up
strawberries with a bunch of individual cells in them. And
maybe one way to think about is like a water balloon, and that's
the cell, and what we need to do is to break open that water
balloon so that the DNA will come floating out. Now, like a water balloon, like you might use
a nail to pop it, but for this, what you do if you're dealing
with a cell, is you use a detergent, like detergent you use
for-- [inaudible]. [inaudible]. So we're going to
make a solution that's going to both have detergent in it, but
it's also going to have other things like salt and water that
make the DNA happy and comfortable floating around
inside of a cell.

[inaudible]. [inaudible], take this, what we
call an extraction liquid, okay? Little concoction sounds
[inaudible]. [inaudible], start you at 2
teaspoons of the detergent. Okay, sounds great. You want
some? No, no, I already had breakfast. Okay, just want to check, looks
good though. Okay, 2 of those, 1
teaspoon of salt. Yeah, maybe you can use a
different teaspoon. Yes, good thing I have 2. Yep. Alright. Perfect. And then remember, we have that
half a cup of water-- Yes, that was poured to the very top. I'm going to meet you halfway. Alright, thank you very much, and
then I'll just pour it in using my skills as a scientist, and
there you go. And now just shake
it up a little. [inaudible] shake.

Yeah, yeah, and all you're really wanting to make sure to do is to make sure the salt gets into solution, and that detergent sort of gets evenly dispersed [inaudible]. Okay. Okay, so that's our extraction liquid. Cool. So now we're basically going to use that detergent like a little pin to pop the water balloons. Use the detergent to break open those strawberry cells. [inaudible] open this up. Let's do it. You can just pour it in. Okay. And there we have it. And so now you seal it. Now here you can't smash, you don't even want to smash because, of course, if you really start smashing then you really spew out the liquid, and that would [inaudible], and actually the other thing is you don't want to be too tough with this because otherwise you'll get a lot of bubbles. But you

just want to sort of work this around just like you're making a smoothie by hand. And so but here's the thing is that while all the DNA is now collecting in the liquid, if you look in there, you have a lot of other stuff that's in the way. Now scientifically, we might refer to that as cellular debris but you know it's just you know strawberry schmutz and you got to get rid of that strawberry schmutz and so that's why we use a coffee filter. It's now time to get rid of this schmutz and get the liquid that'll contain the strawberry DNA, so [inaudible] you can fold that for me. [inaudible]. I'm going to use this as a filter. Now you can use a coffee filter, sometimes you could use gauze if you happen to have some

gauze in your house. You just do whatever it takes to filter out all that schmutzy stuff that was in the strawberries and just let things slowly leak through, seep through like you're making drip coffee. So when most of the liquid has filtered through, what's good is to just remove that filter that contains all that strawberry schmutz and we can just put it on the side, we don't need that anymore. Alright. So this is basically the extraction liquid, which has the insides of all the cells of those strawberries including the DNA. And in order to get the DNA to come out of solution, we do a scientific step which is called precipitation-- [inaudible]. which is basically a way of getting a compound or molecule to sort of come out from being in the liquid state to being in a solid state. To do that, we use this rubbing alcohol--

Alright, which you often want to have it be a little bit cold. And I know this was in the refrigerator, and that's good. You just want to add an equal amount. So what I always do is I just sort of estimate where my finger is as sort of the equal amount, and you can just pour the alcohol up until about that amount. Okay. And a little more [inaudible], that's good. Okay. [inaudible] like that. And then what you want to do is not be overly harsh with this, but you can sort of see there's almost like a layer, the alcohol's a bit on top. [inaudible] The extraction liquid's on the bottom. [inaudible] Just sort of roughly, sort of gently swirl it around. And what you start to see forming sort of between those 2 layers is like a flocculent-like

material sort of almost looks like cotton. Yeah. And as you swirl more and more, and it gets more and more mixed, you'll see more of it forming, and that flocculent material is the DNA. That's awesome. But you know it's very whitish, and it's sort of very viscous, and what does it really look like in real life? It kind of looks like snot. It does look like snot, and so-- And when you start to see big things of snot, then you know it's really working well, and you can even see here as we've done this, you can really start to see some of this precipitated DNA forming. Wow, look at that. And we can get more in a bit, but what you can do is when you start to see it, that's where the coffee stirrer comes in, and you can just sort of fish that out. Look at that, look at that.

That's awesome. That is strawberry DNA, which, again, to our eyes, looks like a bunch of snot. [inaudible]. But in fact, if we could look at it at a molecular level, it would just consist of that classical double helix, that sort of the iconic view of DNA, but this is strawberry-- Purified strawberry DNA. [inaudible] you could get, and you could, if you wanted to, keep swirling, but you can see you've got a tremendous amount there-- [inaudible], which is great. And just imagine, you did all of this using materials that you have in your kitchen, so you can do science in your kitchen and do something that is as wonderful as isolate DNA from a strawberry. That is really cool. DNA extraction. [ Music ] Science is delicious. Especially the DNA. [ Music ]

Strawberry DNA Extraction

NHGRI is the driving force for advancing genomics research at the National Institutes of Health. By conducting and funding world-class genomics research, training the next generation of genomics experts, and collaborating with diverse communities, NHGRI accelerates scientific and medical breakthroughs that improve human health. 

Learn more at https://www.genome.gov.

National Human Genome Research Institute

딸기에서 DNA 추출하기: 가정 과학 실험

딸기는 각 세포에 8개의 게놈 사본이 들어 있을 정도로 많은 양의 DNA를 가지고 있어 추출 과정이 비교적 쉽습니다.

실험에 필요한 재료는 딸기, 주방 세제, 소금, 물, 소독용 알코올, 기본 생활용품 등입니다.

첫 번째 단계는 딸기를 잘게 부순 다음 세포를 분리하여 DNA를 추출하는 것입니다.

딸기에서 DNA 추출하기: 단계별 가이드

딸기를 밀봉된 비닐봉지에 넣고 으깨어 퓌레를 만들고 개별 세포를 부숩니다.

세제, 소금, 물로 용액을 만들어 세포에서 DNA가 떠오르도록 합니다.

추출액을 백에 부드럽게 붓고 흔들어 딸기에서 DNA가 나오도록 합니다.

소금과 세제로 만든 추출액은 딸기 세포를 여는 데 사용됩니다.

액체를 흘리거나 거품이 생기지 않도록 조심스럽게 섞는 것이 중요합니다.

그런 다음 다음 단계로 넘어가기 전에 커피 필터를 사용하여 DNA가 포함된 액체를 '딸기 슈머츠'에서 분리합니다.

딸기에서 DNA를 추출하는 첫 번째 단계는 혼합물을 여과하여 단단한 딸기 부분을 제거하는 것입니다.

여과 후 다음 단계는 소독용 알코올을 사용하여 용액에서 DNA를 침전시키는 것입니다.

알코올과 딸기 혼합물을 부드럽게 휘저으면 두 액체 사이에 DNA가 눈에 띄는 흐린 층을 형성하게 됩니다.

딸기에서 DNA 추출하기: 주방 과학 실험

딸기에서 DNA를 추출하는 것은 커피 교반기와 주방 재료와 같은 재료를 사용하여 간단하고 쉽게 할 수 있는 주방 과학 실험입니다.

딸기에서 추출한 DNA는 점성이 있고 희끄무레하며 응집력이 있는 모양으로, 흔히 콧물에 비유됩니다.

분자 수준에서 DNA는 이중 나선 구조로 이루어져 있지만 육안으로 보기에는 콧물과 같은 물질 덩어리입니다.