금욕주의: 불확실한 시대에 내면의 평화를 얻기

### 금욕주의: 불확실성의 시대, 내면의 평화를 위한 가이드
* 🧘 불확실성이 큰 시기에는 침착함을 유지하는 능력이 중요합니다. **마르쿠스 아우렐리우스처럼 스토아학파는 역경을 견디며 미덕의 길**을 계속 걸어갔습니다.
* 😨 불행은 불안한 시기에 바이러스처럼 퍼지는 감정인 두려움에 뿌리를 두고 있습니다. **금욕주의는 우리가 처한 상황을 바꾸는 것이 아니라 그 상황에 맞설 수 있도록 우리 자신을 강화**할 수 있도록 힘을 실어줍니다.
* 🔄 "우리를 방해하는 것은 사건이 아니다." 스토아학파는 **우리의 마음이 우리의 경험을 형성**하고 자연의 현실을 받아들이는 것이 내면의 평화를 가져온다고 믿습니다.
* 🔄 우리를 불안하게 하는 대부분의 일들은 **이전에 일어난 적**이 있지만, 우리의 제한된 인생관으로 인해 종종 **전례 없는 일처럼** 보이기도 합니다.
* 💭 우리의 생각은 신뢰할 수 없으며, 지나친 생각은 내면의 평화를 파괴할 수 있습니다. 세네카는 **"우리는 현실보다 상상 속에서 더 자주 고통받는다"**고 말했습니다.
* 💪 역경은 우리를 더 강하게 만들 수 있습니다. 스토아적 관점에서 우리는 **어려운 시기를 극복하고 내면의 평화를 유지하는 방법**에 집중해야 합니다.
* ⏳ 현재가 우리에게 주어진 전부이고 죽음은 피할 수 없습니다. 세네카는 **"우리 뒤에 어떤 세월이 있든 그것은 죽음의 손에 달려 있다"**고 말했습니다. 우리 시간의 유한성을 기억하면 오늘을 붙잡는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
* 🌍 큰 틀에서 보면 우리는 그다지 중요하지 않습니다. 삶을 관점으로 바라보면 **현재 우리가 걱정하는 많은 것들이 미래에는 별 의미가 없다**는 것을 깨달을 수 있습니다.

스토아주의는 역경에 맞설 수 있는 회복력을 가르치며, 내면의 평화는 현실을 받아들이고 자신의 생각을 관리하는 데서 비롯된다고 강조합니다.

In times of great uncertainty, the ability
to keep calm isn’t an unnecessary luxury. The ancient Stoics didn’t shy away from
adversity, but instead managed to endure while continuing their pathways of virtue. We only have to peek into the memoirs of ancient
Stoic Marcus Aurelius, published as Meditations, to see how he struggled performing his duty
without losing his mind and without falling for the seductive trap of indulging in sensual
pleasures like many other emperors did, his own son included. Misery is rooted in fear, an emotion that
characterizes periods of unrest. It’s the cradle of hate and violence, of
hostility and oppression. And the more this emotion spreads around the
globe, infecting us all like a virus, the more we suffer. The power of Stoicism lies not in changing
our circumstances, but fortifying ourselves so we can deal with our circumstances, no
matter how severe.

In Stoicism, we can find the necessary wisdom
to become more resilient; not only to maintain our inner peace, but to also thrive and shine
in times of uncertainty. (1) It’s not the events that disturb us. Stoics and Buddhists will agree that in regards
to the human experience, there’s nothing that precedes the mind. Even though we may feel that it’s the external
world that upsets us, it’s actually the way we think about the world that does the
job. Outside circumstances may directly influence
our ideas and presuppositions, or trigger what lies hidden in the subconscious mind,
like deeply rooted beliefs, or perhaps, repressed past experiences. So, it’s still the mind that creates the
experience. For example, we believe that we shouldn’t
face hardships like disease, or financial setbacks, or that we shouldn’t suffer a loss, in whatever
form that may be. Unfortunately, this means that we’re still
in denial of the reality of nature.

Unpleasant events happen to all of us, and no one has the right to be excluded from the universal ways of change. Now, according to the Stoics, we have a choice. The flow of life, the aging of our bodies, illness, war, disease, are not ours to control. Stoicism emphasizes that, despite this, we do have agency. We can form opinions, we can judge, we can act. For example, we can lose the opinion that only good should overcome us, and accept that even the most catastrophic events of humanity may very well appear on our path. From a Stoic point of view, this shouldn’t be a source of fear, but an opportunity to accept reality, and stop resisting the inevitable. This alone leads to inner peace; it’s a matter of embracing whatever happens, and knowing that not the events but our own experience is what causes how we feel. Most things have happened before.

Like most creatures on Earth, we humans have a limited view on how life unfolds. For a great part, this limited view decides how we experience the world. Take, for example, a mayfly. This little creature is born and dies on the same day. This creature doesn’t know about night, doesn’t know about seasons, doesn’t know about years and decades. Its vision of the world is very narrow, meaning that things it encounters as once-in-a-lifetime experiences are mere daily occurrences for us. The universe shows itself to us in cycles and waves. And unless we live through at least one cycle or wave, what happens to us seems unprecedented. But looking at history, we see that most events that disturb us and frighten us have already happened before. Wars, pandemics, natural disasters, but also tribes threatening to attack each other, the conservative versus progressive minded people… these struggles often interfere with our inner peace.

But we only have to read some old newspapers
to discover that these are archetypical expressions of all ages that repeat themselves over and
over again. As Marcus Aurelius stated: “Look at the past—empire succeeding empire—and
from that, extrapolate the future: the same thing. No escape from the rhythm of events. Which is why observing life for forty years
is as good as a thousand. Would you really see anything new?” End quote. Our thoughts are unreliable. The mind is a powerful biological machine
that’s capable of turning fantasy into reality. Our ability to think is the reason why we
survived in a world that’s often hostile to us, as it’s inhabited by many animals
that are physically much stronger than we are. The mind created the most beautiful pieces
of art, literature, architecture, and brought us to the moon, and will eventually bring
us to other planets. It’s a powerful tool, without a doubt.

But there are dangers too. Exploring possible outcomes can be a good
thing, but when we overdo it, we get stuck in the
maelstrom of excessive thinking, which destroys inner peace. We think about possible scenarios over and
over again, often in ways that are irrational and based on assumption. We worry about the future, about all the terrible
things that could happen. Sure, it’s very well possible that our thoughts
come to fruition, but a thought is just a thought. It’s not real. The menu is not the meal. We can read the menu a thousand times, but
it still doesn’t compare to the food on our plate. As the ancient Stoic Seneca stated, “We suffer more often in imagination than
in reality.” Adversity can make us stronger. How terrible it is that we’re going through
so much misery, right? Well, Marcus Aurelius would have disagreed
with such a statement. After all, isn’t it great when we’re still
alive and able to thrive after all we’ve

been through? Stoicism isn’t about avoiding life, but avoiding being mentally destroyed because of life. Without a doubt, this is easier said than done. But from a Stoic mindset, we shouldn’t focus on how bad things are at the moment, but on how we get through them and maintain inner peace while doing so. Every minute we spend on feeling bad about our situation, and resisting what is, we could spend on making the best out of our lives regardless of what’s happening to us. Thus, the more headwind we experience while cycling, the more we have to use our leg muscles, and the stronger they become. When we see bad times as an opportunity to create strength, we might stop fearing them and embrace them instead. I quote: “It’s unfortunate that this has happened. No. It’s fortunate that this has happened and I’ve remained unharmed by it—not shattered by the present or frightened of the future.”

(5) The present is all we have. Compared to humans, animals seem to live much
more immediately. Seneca noticed how animals experience fear
when there’s danger, but after they escape it they don’t dwell on it anymore: they
either flight or fight and go on living as if nothing happened afterward. We humans, on the other hand, can ruminate
on past events for a lifetime and reside in a state of perpetual worry until death liberates
us. We let our memories bring back past hurt,
we let worry torment us, while, in reality, there’s nothing happening but our thoughts. It’s only when we stay in the present that
we’re free from worry and rumination. This doesn’t mean that our memories are
invalid, or that we should never anticipate or plan for the future. It’s just that the past and future cannot
touch us, because they do not exist. Stoicism underlines that the present is all
we have.

When we stick with the situation at hand,
we’ll have a lot less to worry about. (6) We’re dying anyway. From the moment we’re born, our life has
been ticking away second after second. Death is an inevitable consequence of life. And, at the same time, it’s the most destructive
thing that can happen to us, as it’s the disintegration and annihilation of what we
perceive as ourselves. As Seneca stated: “For we are mistaken when we look forward
to death; the major portion of death has already passed. Whatever years be behind us are in death’s
hands.” End quote. Life, therefore, is this amazing journey full
of surprises. What a waste of time to spend our lives in
anguish, and to resist everything we encounter, always busy creating this false sense of security
while the very nature of the universe is insecurity. Spending this day worrying is kind of stupid
if we could die tomorrow.

From a Stoic perspective, it makes more sense
to spend our time well. Remembering that our time here is limited
loosens our grip on the past and future, so we can seize the day while maintaining inner
peace. (7) In the grand scheme of things, we’re
not that important. If we’re still overly occupied by anxiety,
especially in times of uncertainty, putting our lives in perspective may help us out. Remember the mayfly? From a human perspective, the life of the mayfly comes across as a rather insignificant occurrence. But for the 4,700-year-old tree Methuselah,
the oldest tree in the world, a human life equals about a year. This tree is even older than the ancient Stoics,
and during its lifetime many human civilizations have come and gone. For Methuselah, the human lifespan isn’t
that much. Now, compare this to the history of our planet,
and then put our planet in the perspective

of the cosmos: now we’ve been reduced to
almost nothing. This doesn’t mean that the human experience
doesn’t count; we’re gifted with the ability to experience deeply, which is a beautiful
thing, regardless of our size and lifespan. But by taking a Stoic view from above, we
remind ourselves of how transient life actually is. We might realize that many of the small (and even
big) things we’re worrying about today mean next to nothing a hundred years from now. Lastly, if you’re interested in putting
Stoic philosophy into practice, you might want to check out the playlist Stoic Exercises
for Inner Peace. Thank you for watching.

7 Stoic Principles for Inner Peace (In Times of Uncertainty)

Einzelgänger

불확실성의 시대에 금욕주의의 힘

마르쿠스 아우렐리우스로 대표되는 스토아학파는 역경에 맞서는 인내와 미덕을 강조하며 두려움과 비참함에 빠지기보다는 내면의 회복력을 옹호했습니다.

스토아주의는 우리를 방해하는 것은 외부의 사건이 아니라 그에 대한 우리의 해석이며, 피할 수 없는 삶의 고난에 대응하는 방법을 선택할 수 있는 힘이 우리에게 있다고 가르칩니다.

이 철학은 현실을 받아들이고 내면의 평화와 회복력을 위한 길로서 우리에게 다가오는 모든 것을 포용할 것을 권장합니다.

하루살이처럼 단 하루를 살아가는 하루살이와 달리 인간은 세상을 바라보는 시각이 한정되어 있습니다.

현재의 사태가 전례 없는 일이라고 느끼지만, 역사를 보면 비슷한 어려움이 반복적으로 발생했음을 알 수 있습니다.

마르쿠스 아우렐리우스는 사건의 반복적인 성격과 우리 생각의 불안정성을 강조했습니다.

인간의 마음은 예술에서 우주 탐사에 이르기까지 인류가 생존하고 놀라운 업적을 이룰 수 있게 해준 강력한 도구입니다.

지나친 생각은 미래에 대한 비합리적이고 반복적인 걱정을 유발하여 내면의 평화를 파괴할 수 있습니다.

스토아주의는 우리가 현실보다 상상 속에서 더 많은 고통을 겪으며 역경이 우리를 더 강하게 만들 수 있다고 가르칩니다.

현재의 순간에 저항하기보다는 도전을 극복하고 내면의 평화를 유지하는 데 초점을 맞춰야 합니다.

현재를 살아가기: 금욕주의적 관점

동물은 위험에서 빠르게 벗어나는 반면, 인간은 과거의 사건을 반추하고 미래에 대해 걱정하며 불필요한 괴로움을 유발하는 경향이 있습니다.

스토아주의는 현재가 유일한 현실임을 강조하며 걱정과 반추로부터의 자유를 제공합니다.

세네카는 죽음의 필연성과 고뇌 속에서 삶을 보내는 것의 무익함을 강조하며 삶의 놀라움에 저항하지 말고 받아들여야 한다고 강조합니다.

인생의 덧없는 본질을 포용하기: 금욕주의적 관점

시간은 한정되어 있으므로 스토아적 관점에서 하루를 파악하고 내면의 평화를 유지하는 것이 중요합니다.

광활한 시간과 우주를 고려하여 삶을 관점적으로 바라보면 불안과 걱정을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

인생의 덧없음은 스토아 철학의 핵심 개념으로, 사소한 것에 집착하지 않고 진정으로 중요한 것에 집중하도록 상기시켜 줍니다.