남아공의 국민 통합 정부: 성과와 도전 과제

### 남아공의 연립 정부: 통합과 도전의 새로운 시대
* 🇿🇦 남아공의 전례 없는 국민통합정부(GNU)는 **아프리카민족회의(ANC)가 부패와 높은 실업률 등의 문제로 30년 만에 처음으로 의회 과반수를 잃은 후** 구성되었습니다.
* 🤝 ANC는 최대 정당임에도 불구하고 민주동맹(DA) 및 기타 군소 정당과 파트너십을 모색하여 **현재 10개 정당을 포함하는 연립정부**를 구성함으로써 정치 지형에 큰 변화를 가져왔습니다.
* 📊 9월에 실시한 여론조사에 따르면 남아공 국민의 **58%가 GNU를 긍정적으로** 보고 있으며, **ANC와 DA는 지난 선거보다 지지율이 상승**한 반면 **야당은 하락세**를 보였습니다.
* 📈 달러 대비 랜드화 가치가 **6% 강세**를 보이고 주식 시장이 **20% 가까이 상승**하는 등 긍정적인 경제 지표가 나타나면서 비즈니스 및 투자 심리가 개선되고 있습니다.
* ⚡ 또한, 정부는 **200일 이상 정전 사태를 겪지 않아 오랜 에너지 위기 해결에 진전**이 있었으며, **신분증 및 비자 신청의 적체도 줄이는 데 성공**했습니다.
* ⚖ 그러나 교육 법안과 국민건강보험과 같은 주요 법안을 놓고 **ANC와 DA 사이에 마찰**이 존재하며, 이는 다양한 연립정부 내에서 정책 조율의 어려움을 강조합니다.
* 📝 초기 낙관론에도 불구하고, 전문가들은 **GNU가 지지를 유지하고 과거의 실망스러운 거버넌스를 반복하지 않으려면 실업과 불평등을 가시적으로 개선**해야 한다고 경고합니다.

남아공의 연립 정부는 100일 후 58%의 국민이 연립 정부가 잘하고 있다고 생각하는 등 어려움 속에서도 가능성을 보여주고 있습니다.

this video is brought to you by Brilliant. It's been more than 4 months since South Africa formed a pretty unprecedented National Unity Government after the long-dominant ANC lost its parliamentary majority for the first time in 30 years. Despite the ideological mix of parties in the Coalition raising some doubts about its potential effectiveness, after more than 100 days in office, there have been quite a few positive assessments of how the government's doing. So, in this video, we're going to have a look at what's been going well, where there's been friction, and whether the government is actually succeeding. Before we start, if you haven't already, please consider subscribing and ringing the bell to stay in the loop and be notified when we release new videos. So, let's quickly start with some context as to how and why South Africa's coalition government came about. The election at the end of May saw the ruling African National Congress (ANC) lose its majority for the first time in three decades since the end of apartheid.

apartheid regime, high levels of unemployment, corruption and crime, persistent inequality, power cuts and water shortages all contributed to the ANC's fall from grace. Added to this was the simple fact that as time has passed since the ANC led the fight against white minority rule, younger South Africans just don't have the same loyalty to the party as older generations do. The rise of the new MK party led by former president Jacob Zuma after he split from the ANC also shifted the political landscape against the ANC. The ANC, which remained the largest party despite losing its majority, was therefore forced to go in search of partners to bring into government. It took a few weeks, but the ANC eventually struck an agreement with the main opposition party, the market-friendly center-right Democratic Alliance or DA, which was unprecedented given that the ANC and DA have been rivals for decades. They agreed, along with other smaller parties, to form a so-called government of national unity or GNU, which eventually grew to feature a total of 10 wide-ranging parties. Although the

gnu is dominated by the ANC and DA, which together make up 85% of its parliamentary seats. The slightly eclectic mix of parties raised some doubts as to the potential effectiveness of the gnu. However, by several metrics, it's actually doing perhaps surprisingly well. The most obvious place to start is by looking at what South Africans think of the government's performance. According to polling conducted in September, 58% of South Africans think the gnu is doing quite well or very well, nearly three times more than the 21% who think it's doing quite or very poorly. The same polling shows both the ANC and DA polling higher than they scored in the May election, while the two main opposition parties, MK and the EFF, are down. South Africans are largely optimistic about the gnu's chances too, with 59% believing it will succeed and 30% thinking it will fail. There have been some positive economic indicators for the government too, with business and investor sentiment clearly boosted following the transition to a more

inclusive government since the GNU was announced. The Rand has strengthened 6% against the dollar, and the stock market has risen nearly 20% in dollar terms. The International Monetary Fund also upgraded its 2024 and 2025 economic growth forecasts for South Africa this month, having twice slashed its forecasts earlier in the year before the election. On top of this, inflation fell below 4% this month, paving the way for another interest rate cut. Earlier this month also marked 200 days without load shedding, i.e., more than 200 days of constant electricity supply by state power utility Eskom, a milestone for a country that has struggled with rolling blackouts for years as part of an energy crisis. Although this ongoing period of uninterrupted power supply did begin before the election, there have been some government departmental successes too. For example, Home Affairs Minister Le Tiber has overseen the full clearing of the identity card backlog and a sizable reduction in the massive backlog of visa applications too. This is not to say that

it's all been smooth sailing for the GNU. There have, in fact, been several points of friction between the DA and the ANC. The two parties have clashed over an education bill giving greater power to the government rather than schools over schools' language and admission policies. The DA opposes this part of the legislation, saying it threatens the right to mother-tongue education, with the strongest public opposition coming from the African-speaking community. DA leader John Steenhuisen said the law would endanger the future of the unity government, but President Cyril Ramaphosa delayed the implementation of the language and admissions clauses in the hope of reaching a consensus. The parties have also clashed over the national health insurance bill, and there have been tensions between the GNU parties at the subnational level too, for example, in Gauteng Province, where a DA mayor was ousted by an ANC no-confidence motion. Nevertheless, no one expected the GNU to agree on everything. Policy disagreements were always going to be a feature of such a broad coalition. In fact, back in August, the DA's leader said that he was

actually quite surprised by how well it's going and that he thought there'd be a lot more pitfalls. But if we're going to actually assess the gnu's performance so far, it's important to make clear that in terms of policy direction, not a huge amount has happened. In fact, the investor confidence and some of the positive economic indicators we mentioned earlier have arguably been largely sentiment-driven or, in simpler terms, are pretty vibes-based. In fact, The Economist even chose the headline South Africa's coalition government has improved the vibes. Markets unsurprisingly responded positively to the creation of a more inclusive government featuring the market-friendly DA. This positive sentiment can be maintained through the first 100 days but can't go on forever without real change and improvements being made. In fact, some have suggested that South Africa runs the risk of repeating 2018's Ramaphoria. The fairly short-lived early investor optimism brought about by Cyril Ramaphosa's taking control of the ANC and the presidency from scandal-tainted Jacob.

Zuma, a phenomenon which did not last for the gnu, to really be judged as a success, it needs to generate more than just positive investor sentiment. It needs to achieve tangible improvements in unemployment, inequality, and poverty, and make much-needed structural reforms. These are significant challenges. For example, the latest unemployment data from Q2 this year showed the unemployment rate climbing for a third consecutive quarter to 33.5%, with more than 8 million people out of work. As the Director of the Social Research Foundation said, There's no question that the gnu is good for the middle class. What we're not seeing yet is the needs of the poor people on the fringes and in the urban periphery met. There is a danger that it can easily collapse into becoming a middle-class feel-good project. For now, many are awaiting the government's budget set to be delivered at the end of October to see whether and how policies and priorities have really shifted. Now, what's something that the TLDR audience have in common? They're willing to learn.

something new every day, and while our videos are a pretty good start, a lot of stuff we talk about can seem pretty complicated, especially when we dive into analytics and detailed data. Luckily, there's a fun and easy way to learn more, which also doesn't cost thousands of dollars or take years of schooling. That's because Brilliant is the best way to learn by doing, with thousands of interactive lessons in maths, data analysis, programming, and AI. Each lesson is filled with hands-on problem-solving, broken into tiny accessible chunks designed around your busy schedule. This means that by spending just a few minutes a day, you can accumulate new knowledge over time in an actually fun way, and you'll also feel the satisfaction that comes with bettering yourself and staying ahead. For instance, perhaps you promised yourself that this year you'll learn some programming skills, but there just hasn't been enough time, and the year is now coming to an end. Brilliant's growing number of programming courses are a great way to build foundations and learn real-world applications, with courses on Python, essential coding elements like loops and

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Why South Africa’s Coalition Is Doing Surprisingly Well

TLDR News Global

남아공의 국민 통합 정부: 놀라운 성공

최근 여론조사에서 남아공 국민통합정부(GNU)는 남아공 국민 58%의 지지를 받았으며, ANC와 DA가 주축이 된 남아공 국민통합정부는 최근 여론 조사에서 긍정적인 평가를 받았습니다.

연립정부의 정당 지지율은 상승하고 있는 반면, 주요 야당의 지지율은 하락하고 있습니다.

긍정적인 경제 지표와 기업 및 투자자 심리의 증가는 ANC의 의회 다수당 지위 상실 이후 GNU가 출범한 후 진전을 보이고 있음을 시사합니다.

DA와 ANC는 학교에 대한 정부의 권한을 강화하는 교육 법안을 놓고 충돌했으며, DA는 모국어 교육에 대한 우려를 이유로 반대하고 있습니다.

또한 국민건강보험 법안과 지방정부 차원에서도 긴장이 고조되어 가우텡 주에서 DA 시장이 축출되는 사태가 발생했습니다.

이러한 의견 불일치에도 불구하고 GNU의 전반적인 성과는 중대한 정책 변화보다는 긍정적인 정서와 투자자의 신뢰에 의해 주도되었습니다.

남아프리카 공화국에서 GNU의 영향

GNU의 성공은 실업, 불평등, 빈곤을 개선하는 능력으로 측정되지만, 상당한 도전에 직면해 있습니다.

5%로 상승하고 800만 명 이상이 실직하면서 중산층에 집중하는 정책에 대한 우려가 커지고 있습니다.

랜드화 강세, 주식 시장 상승, 중단 없는 전력 공급과 같은 긍정적인 지표에도 불구하고 여전히 빈곤층에 대한 미충족 수요와 정부 부처의 적체가 지속되고 있습니다.

브릴리언트로 쉽게 배우는 학습

Brilliant는 수학, 데이터 분석, 프로그래밍 및 AI에 관한 수천 개의 대화형 강의를 제공하여 재미있고 쉽게 학습할 수 있도록 도와줍니다.

강의는 짧은 분량으로 구성되어 있어 하루에 단 몇 분만 투자해도 지식을 쌓을 수 있습니다.

점점 더 많은 프로그래밍 강좌를 통해 기초를 다지고 실제 애플리케이션을 배울 수 있어 새로운 기술을 습득하고자 하는 분들에게 훌륭한 선택이 될 것입니다.

남아프리카공화국에서 ANC의 쇠퇴와 정치적 변화

실업, 부패, 불평등, 권력 부족, 젊은 세대의 충성심 상실과 같은 요인으로 인해 ANC가 몰락하게 되었습니다.

제이콥 주마가 이끄는 새로운 MK 정당의 출현으로 정치 지형은 ANC에 불리하게 바뀌었습니다.

과반수 의석을 잃은 ANC는 민주동맹 및 기타 군소 정당과 함께 전례 없는 국민 통합 정부를 구성하여 총 10개의 정당을 하나로 모았습니다.