미군 지출과 산업 단지 설명

### 미국 군산복합체: 8,130억 달러 규모의 거대 기업
* 💰 미국은 2022년에 **8,130억 달러의 군사비**를 요청했고, 의회는 요청액보다 훨씬 많은 금액을 승인했습니다.
* 🌎 미국은 **80개국에 약 750개의 군사 기지**를 보유하고 있으며 **최대 150개국에 군대를 주둔**시키는 등 전 세계에 상당한 군사력을 보유하고 있습니다.
* 🏭 군산복합체는 정부, 군대, 방위산업체 간의 긴밀한 관계를 포함하며, **모든 당사자가 군사비 지출을 늘리려는 인센티브**가 있습니다.
* 🔄 국회의원은 **방위 산업체로부터 선거 후원금**을 받는 반면, 군인은 **전역 후 방위 산업체 직종으로 전환**하는 경우가 많습니다.
* 🔒 방위 산업은 돈을 벌기 위해 인센티브를 받기 때문에 **더 많은 무기를 생산**하고 잠재적인 이해 상충이 발생할 수 있습니다.
* 🚫 비판론자들은 군산복합체가 교육, 의료, 인프라 등 중요한 국내 문제보다 **군사비 지출을 우선시**한다고 주장합니다.
* 👥 아이젠하워 대통령은 고별 연설에서 군산복합체가 사회에 미칠 수 있는 부정적인 영향을 강조하면서 **군산복합체에 대해 경고**한 것으로 유명합니다.
* 🗳 궁극적으로 군산복합체의 문제를 해결하고 잠재적으로 해체하는 것은 **의회, 더 나아가 유권자의 몫**입니다.

미국의 군산복합체는 과도한 군사비 지출을 주도하고 있으며, 중요한 사회적 필요보다 전쟁을 우선시하고 있습니다.

Who’s blowing stuff up? I’m Mr. Beat, and it’s well-known that the United States spends more money on its military… BY FAR… than any other country in the world. In fact, 40% of all military spending around the entire world is done by the United States. It spends more money on its military than the next ten countries COMBINED. And it’s been this way for a lonnnng time. More than 80 years. Since World War Two, the United States has spent the most money on its military. Even after the Cold War ended in 1991, the United States was like, “let’s just keep spending a bunch of money on our military.” In fact, let’s spend MORE. On March 28, 2022, President Joe Biden asked Congress for $813 billion in military spending, and Congress was like “what the heck?!?

That’s way too much money! We can’t afford that! What about inflation? Nah, just kidding, Congress not only approved $813 billion in military spending, but it gave President Biden an extra $45 billion that he DIDN’T ask for. To put that in perspective, $45 billion is more than twice as much as it would cost to end homelessness in the United States. This year, President Biden has asked for $842 billion in military spending, and he’ll probably get more than he asked for again. And that’s because military spending is one of the few things that tends to be bipartisan, meaning…both Republicans and Democrats in Congress generally are cool with this massive spending, despite one recent poll showing that 35% of Americans say the United States spends TOO MUCH on its military. So why DOES the United States spend so much on its military?

First of all, because the United States is often the world’s police. The American military controls around 750 military bases in at least 80 countries around the world. It has troops in as many as 150 countries. Some of these are countries where it has military bases might surprise you. For example, did you know it has a military base in Honduras? Also, did you know it has 120 bases in Japan alone? In recent years, the United States has spent tens of billions of dollars maintaining JUST THOSE MILITARY BASES IN JAPAN. The governments of all these countries where there’s American military bases are mostly cool with it. After all, they’re getting extra security with an American military presence, and often for free. However, as documented in this classic book, Blowback by the late Chalmers Johnson, many of the local residents DON’T want foreign troops in their backyards.

Regardless, for at least 75 years, most of the world has just accepted and even welcomed the fact that the United States is often the world’s police force, the country that seemingly steps in to put out all the fires in the world. Not only that, but it has formal treaties that make it obligated to step for the defense of at least 51 countries around the world. Others argue that a huge American military budget is necessary to “spread democracy” or “defeat authoritarianism” around the world. Notice how I put those in quotes since often the American government is, in reality, often just preserving authoritarianism and hurting democracy around the world through its military actions. Even others say a huge military budget is needed to counter the growing military threat and aggression of Russia and China. Then again, many argue that the growing military threat and aggression of Russia and China is BECAUSE of

American military interventionism around the globe, but ya know… However, there’s another, much more nefarious reason why the United States government spends so much gosh darn money on its military, and that’s the military-industrial complex. Because data protection is so important to me, I’m a VPN fanatic. I’m obsessed with VPNs. I can’t stop thinking about them. I dream about them… EVEN WHEN I’M AWAKE. So yeah, boy was I excited to come across Adguard VPN. AdGuard VPN has been around for more than 13 years in the VPN business… for real. Oh, so I must be memorable, emotional, inciting to action, and not just state dry facts. (sigh) Ok, let’s do this! (emotionally shouting for the rest of this) Its built-in ad-blocking function doesn’t force you to install additional tools and allows you to block malicious trackers. AdGuard VPN allows you access to more than

1,000 servers in more than 65 locations around the world. It even has website exclusions, which means you can turn it off for specific websites! AdGuard offers a 75% discount for a 2-year VPN subscription plan and sells it for $71.76, but my viewers can get an 83% discount by using promo code MRBEAT. Hey, the promo code is automatically attached to the link in the description of this video and pinned comment, by the way. That’s only $48.92. This offer is limited, so act now! (back to being calm) Thanks to AdGuard for sponsoring this video. Ok, so what IS the military industrial complex? The military industrial complex describes how a military, government, and the defense industry all work together since they all benefit from each other. It’s often represented by this iron triangle. Oh, uh, iron triangles are triangles made of iron.

Yes, yes. Wait, no…no. Oops, I meant to say iron triangles are triangles that demonstrate close, mutually supportive relationships between those in the legislative branch, executive branch, and special interest groups or industries. So here’s the military-industrial complex iron triangle thingy, at least in the United States. Up here representing the legislative branch is the United States Congress, who provides the funding for military spending in the country. Down here, representing the executive branch, is the Department of Defense, made up of the military itself and the part of the iron triangle that actually GETS the money to spend. Over here, representing the special interest groups or industries part, is the defense industry, the military contractors, the corporations like Lockheed Martin and Boeing that produce weapons. Remember, we all respond to incentives. Yes, even you, John. The military-industrial complex is an example of what’s known as a conflict of interest.

or a situation in which people who are supposed to be working on behalf of the public instead let their own personal incentives guide their decisions, which makes them unreliable. For example, if a politician makes a lot of money in the coal industry and then proceeds to vote against any bill that potentially hurts the coal industry, that’s a conflict of interest. Let’s look at the incentives in the military industrial complex (pointing). The lawmakers are incentivised by campaign contributions from the defense industry. In the United States, lawmakers spending more money on the military usually means they’ll have an easier time getting re-elected, not due to voter support….hahahahaha….but due to corporations and interest groups funding their re-election campaigns. They also are incentivised to get weapons produced in factories in the districts or states they represent. They are incentivised to build military bases in the

districts or states they represent. The military is incentivized, obviously, to get more money for itself, but also for political support. Many lawmakers and members of the military also get jobs in the defense industry after they retire. And vice versa! Lobbyists from the defense industry often find themselves becoming lawmakers. In politics, this phenomenon is often called the revolving door. And finally, the defense industry is incentivized to, uh, make money. Duh! As I hinted at earlier, military industrial complexes can occur and often occur in countries around the world, not just the United States. It’s just that the United States, uh, ya know, is most well-known for it. It was in the United States, after all, that the term “military industrial complex” first became widely used after President Dwight Eisenhower popularized it in his Farewell Address on. Not only did he popularize it. He talked trash about it!

This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence—economic, political, even spiritual—is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist. Now, keep in mind that while Eisenhower WARNED against the military-industrial complex, he also thought that building up a strong military was still a good idea. Also, remember that military spending ain't just about weapons. Much of it is spent on people,

paying the salaries of and providing services for the fine folks of the armed forces, their families, and those who work with them. So why should YOU care about the military industrial complex and not are about Pokemon instead? (turns) Keep in mind you can care about both. Well, while the military industrial complex literally employs millions of people and generates billions of dollars in revenue, it also has led to policies that prioritize military spending and the use of military force over arguably more important priorities like education, healthcare, and infrastructure. While the military industrial complex arguably helps national security, it also threatens it. You see, the more weapons produced, the more weapons are out there, and the more weapons that are out there, the more weapons are used, and the more weapons are used, the more people are killed. Alright, let’s stop sugarcoating this. The military industrial complex increases the

incentives for war. As long as people are going to be profiting from war, war will continue to happen, and the military industrial complex ensures people continue to profit greatly from war. If you pay attention closely, you’ll find that these corporations that produce weapons are often the biggest cheerleaders of war. Hmmm. Go figure! Originally, Eisenhower called the military industrial complex the military industrial CONGRESSIONAL complex, but he apparently dropped the “Congressional” part before giving his speech to not make anyone in Congress upset. Well, that was nice of him. But here’s the thing. Ultimately, if we want to get rid of the military industrial complex, it’s up to Congress to do just that. (turns) You see, Congress makes laws (turns) and they could literally make laws that limit corporate influence on themselves and the military. (turns)

But why would they do that? Why would they hurt themselves? (turn) Oh, they’d do it because YOU (pointing at camera) demanded they do it because guess what? YOU are the boss of politicians. You hire them, and you can fire them if they don’t do what you want. Now go vote, dadgummit! (catching breath) Anyway, uh yeah. So that’s the military-industrial complex. [Music] So what do YOU think? Is the military-industrial complex ruining society? Hey, let me know if you don’t mind. Also, if you want to learn more about all this, I highly recommend that you check out Blowback, that book I mentioned earlier, but also Why We Fight, a documentary that came out 18 years ago but surprisingly, and depressingly, holds up quite well. Thanks for watching!

The Real Reason Why the United States Is Constantly at War

Mr. Beat

미국은 전 세계 군사비 지출의 40%를 차지하며, 다음 10개국을 합친 것보다 더 많은 군사비를 지출하고 있습니다.

이러한 추세는 냉전 이후 군사비 지출이 증가하면서 80년 이상 지속되어 왔습니다.

일부 미국인들은 미국이 군사비를 너무 많이 지출한다고 생각하지만, 바이든 대통령의 최근 군사비 요청은 의회에서 승인되었고 심지어 초과되었습니다.

미국은 80개국에 기지를 두고 150개국에 군대를 주둔시키는 등 전 세계에 상당한 군사력을 유지하고 있으며, 이는 해당 국가에 안보를 제공하지만 종종 지역 주민들 사이에 불안을 야기하기도 합니다.

미국은 75년 이상 51개국을 방어할 의무가 있는 공식 조약을 통해 세계의 경찰로 여겨져 왔습니다.

미국의 막대한 군사 예산은 민주주의를 확산하고 권위주의에 대항하며 러시아와 중국의 위협에 대처해야 한다는 필요성에 의해 정당화됩니다.

그러나 군, 정부, 방위 산업이 상호 이익을 위해 협력하는 군산복합체는 미군의 지출을 주도하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.

철의 삼각지대는 입법부(미국 의회), 행정부(국방부), 특수 이익 단체(방위 산업)가 상호 지원 관계로 협력하는 구조로 구성되어 있습니다.

이 복잡한 구조는 의원들이 방위 산업체로부터 선거 기부금과 일자리 기회를 제공받음으로써 이해 상충을 야기합니다.

개인이 군과 방위 산업에서 여러 직책을 오가는 '회전문' 현상은 책임과 영향력의 경계를 더욱 모호하게 만듭니다.

군산복합체의 막대한 영향력은 미국 경험의 새로운 현상으로, 모든 수준의 정부와 사회에 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

군산복합체는 일자리를 제공하고 막대한 수익을 창출하지만, 교육이나 의료와 같은 중요한 분야보다 군사 지출에 우선순위를 두기도 합니다.

무기 생산에 집중하면 폭력이 증가하고 국가 안보가 약화될 수 있기 때문에 이 복합체는 역설을 낳습니다.

군산복합체와 전쟁에 미치는 영향

군산복합체는 전쟁을 통해 이익을 얻고, 무기를 생산하는 기업은 종종 분쟁을 옹호합니다.

아이젠하워는 처음에 군산복합체를 군산복합체라고 불렀지만 의원들의 반발을 피하기 위해 '의회'라는 단어를 삭제했습니다.

궁극적으로 기업의 영향력을 제한하는 것은 의회의 몫이며, 시민들은 투표를 통해 변화를 요구할 수 있는 권한을 가지고 있습니다.