실로시빈이 인간의 뇌에 미치는 영향

### 실로시빈과 뇌: 효과, 치료 잠재력 및 고려 사항
* 🍄 실로시빈은 세로토닌 수용체, 특히 **5-HT2A 수용체에 결합**하여 시냅스 가소성을 향상시킴으로써 뇌에 영향을 미칩니다.
* 🧠 실로시빈의 영향을 받는 뇌의 특정 영역에는 **판단력과 행동 변화, 내성 강화, 연결성 증가**로 이어지는 전전두엽 피질, **시각적 지각 능력을 향상**시키는 시각 피질, **편도체와 해마**가 있으며, **정서적 민감성과 외상성 기억을 되살리는 능력**을 향상시킵니다.
* 실로시빈은 **기본 모드 네트워크를 방해**하여 자아 해체, 자기 참조적 사고 감소, 심오하고 종종 신비로운 경험으로 이어집니다.
* 💊 최근 연구에 따르면 **실로시빈은 신경 가소성을 높이고 경직된 사고 패턴을 방해**하며 정서적, 인지적 통찰력을 촉진함으로써 **우울증, 불안, PTSD의 증상을 크게 줄이고 중독을 도울 수 있는 것**으로 나타났습니다.
* 🚫 그러나 실로시빈은 **부작용, 메스꺼움이나 구토와 같은 신체적 부작용, 버섯 종류에 따라 실로시빈 함량의 차이로 인한 복용량 문제** 등 부정적인 영향도 있을 수 있습니다.
* 👥 치료 환경에서 실로시빈 보조 요법은 안전하고 지지적인 환경에서 가이드 세션이 진행되며, 이 때 **세트(마음가짐)와 환경이 경험에 중요한 역할**을 합니다.
* 🧠 시냅스 가소성과 뇌 영역 간의 상호 연결성을 향상시키는 실로시빈의 능력은 **한 감각 경로를 자극하면 다른 감각 경로에서 무의식적으로 경험하는 공감각**으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

실로시빈은 시냅스 가소성을 향상시키고 세로토닌 수용체와 결합하여 인간의 뇌에 영향을 미칩니다. 실로시빈은 정신 건강 질환을 치료할 수 있는 잠재력을 보여줍니다.

Welcome to the lab, everyone. I'm Jonathan Benan with the Institute of Human Anatomy, and today we're going to talk about how the human brain is affected by psilocybin, also sometimes referred to as magic mushrooms. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound that is often used for recreational purposes. However, it has also gained significant interest for its effects on the brain and its potential therapeutic uses for conditions such as anxiety, depression, addiction, and PTSD. So today, we'll obviously take a look at real human brains and explore what psilocybin does to certain areas of the brain, discuss what someone experiences while using psilocybin, and as I already alluded to, the potential long-term effects that psilocybin can have on someone's mental health, and of course, cover some important considerations with legality and safety. It's going to be a magical one, so let's do this. So before we look more at the brain and discuss the effects of psilocybin, I need to mention that

psilocybin is listed as a Schedule One drug and is illegal in most places throughout the United States. However, there are locations where it has been decriminalized and even legalized, much of this due to some of the research showing some of its positive outcomes for mental health. However, even though there are potential benefits for mental health with psilocybin, there are also some safety concerns and considerations that we'll need to discuss. So, this video is for educational purposes only and we are not suggesting that everyone should just go out and try psilocybin. And with that being said, psilocybin is a hallucinogenic substance found in certain types of mushrooms. When ingested, psilocybin is metabolized into psilocin by enzymes found in the intestine as well as in the liver. And even though I may use psilocybin and psilocin somewhat interchangeably throughout the video, know that it is the psilocin that is the active converted compound of psilocybin.

that is responsible for the active effects. Now, once ingested, it takes about 30 to 45 minutes for it to be absorbed by the gut, converted to psilocin, and eventually pass through the blood-brain barrier. And this is when people start to have what the recreational community often refers to as the trip, but I'll probably mostly refer to it as the journey or the psilocybin experience. But once the psilocybin is in the brain, it primarily affects the brain by binding to serotonin receptors, and for you receptor nerds out there, specifically the 5-HT2A receptor. There are many different serotonin receptors located within the brain, but there are two things that are really important for us to think about with psilocybin. One, psilocybin has a strong affinity for this particular 5-HT2A receptor, and two, this receptor is concentrated in areas of the brain responsible for mood, perception, vision, and cognition. And both of these facts account for the specific effects of psilocybin and by stimulating

these receptors. Psilocybin alters the release of neurotransmitters and enhances synaptic plasticity, which you could think of as the brain's ability to form new neural connections. And this is particularly important for therapeutic outcomes because increased synaptic plasticity can help to, what you might think of as, rewiring your brain or even rewiring maladaptive neural pathways associated with conditions like anxiety, depression, addiction, and PTSD. So let's talk about some of the specific areas of the brain affected by psilocybin because this will help us to explain some of the experiences that people have while on their journey. Before we dive deeper into those specific areas of the brain, I'd like to thank ag1 for sponsoring today's video. As someone who prioritizes high performance in every aspect of my life, it's crucial to have a supplement that supports whole body health. That's where ag1 comes in. Ag1 is a daily foundational nutrition supplement that's backed by research studies. It's packed with 75 ingredients that support focus and energy, nutrient replenishment, gut health.

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description below and let's get back to psilocybin and the Brain. The first area of the brain that we'll discuss that is affected by psilocybin is the prefrontal cortex. And you can see me tracing the prefrontal cortex here on the brain. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, personality expression, and moderating social behavior. Psilocybin interaction with this region can lead to altered judgment and behavior, enhancing your willingness to express and release certain thoughts and emotions, which can result in introspection. Also, while under the influence of psilocybin, the prefrontal cortex shows increased connectivity with other brain regions. This heightened interconnectivity is believed to facilitate the emotional and cognitive insights that many users experience during a psilocybin session or journey. And just keep this idea of heightened interconnectivity in the back of your minds for a little bit later on in our discussion. The visual cortex is also affected, and that is this area here located within the occipital lobe.

the name implies the visual cortex is going to be responsible for processing visual information. Psilocybin significantly affects this area, leading to enhanced visual perception. This can create the perception of visual stimuli that aren't actually present in the external environment, and this is often described as intricate and often kaleidoscopic visuals, with users also reporting that they see intensified colors, intricate patterns, and heightened visual clarity. The amygdala and hippocampus are structures in the brain that are crucial for memory and emotional processing, and therefore play key roles in how we process and store emotional memories. Psilocybin affects both of these structures and can lead to enhanced emotional sensitivity and the ability to potentially revisit and reprocess traumatic memories in a new light. So in other words, this could potentially help individuals access and process repressed memories, which can be useful in psychotherapy for trauma and anxiety disorders. The last area of the brain that I want to mention that is affected by psilocybin is actually a network of brain regions referred to as

the default mode Network. The default mode network is active when the mind is at rest and not focused on the external environment, like when your mind is wandering or daydreaming. This network is also associated with self-reflection and self-referential introspective thoughts or the ego. Now, at about 2 to 3 hours into a psilocybin Journey, people will Peak, and especially at the higher doses, this peak can be associated with a feeling of anxiety or ego dissolution, or what many in the recreational world may refer to as the ego death. People who have experienced this describe it as a feeling of losing oneself, and it can even be described as feeling like a form of dying in which one lets go of their sense of self and identity. Now, that may sound quite scary, and yes, some do describe it as scary and terrifying, but others have described it as eye-opening, cathartic, and even fulfilling. And this is thought to occur because psilocybin disrupts the normal functioning of the default mode Network, again leading to A reduced sense of self.

and ego dissolution. This is also thought to contribute to the profound, often mystical experiences reported by users. But from a clinical perspective, the disruption of the default mode Network can potentially help individuals break free from rigid patterns of thought, allowing for more flexible, open-minded approaches to ideas, perceptions, and problem solving, which could be beneficial for treating things like obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depression. So we've now talked about individual regions or networks of the brain and how psilocybin affects each of these regions. But if you recall, I mentioned that we wanted to keep something in the back of our minds, and that was psilocybin's ability to enhance synaptic plasticity and to enhance this interconnectivity between brain regions. Psilocybin has this powerful ability to enhance the connection between regions of the brain that are not normally as connected, creating a form of something called synesthesia. Synesthesia is a perception in which stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to an involuntary experience in a second.

sensory pathway. For example, people on psilocybin or on a psilocybin journey will often report seeing different geometric shapes and colors. And if they are listening to music, the music seems to almost create the images or change the shape, movement, or colors of the images that they are seeing in a way that seems linked to the music. So in other words, this is like emerging of the senses or a merging of certain brain pathways that are not ordinarily linked or merged together in this particular way. So let's go into a little bit more detail on how psilocybin may actually work to help with certain mental health conditions. Recent studies have shown that psilocybin can significantly reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. Psilocybin-assisted therapy involves guided sessions where participants take a controlled dose and explore their thoughts and emotions with a therapist's support. And this is a good time for us to discuss the idea of set and setting. The environment and mindset in which psilocybin is consumed can

significantly affect the experience. A safe, supportive setting is important for a positive outcome, particularly in a therapeutic context. Set refers to the mindset and mental state a person is bringing to their session, like thoughts, mood, and expectations. Setting is the setting or location they are having the experience in - the nature of the room, are they lying down, are they covering their eyes, type of music, and this also includes the other person that is present. Again, this needs to be a safe place, ideally with an experienced clinician that is not also taking psilocybin so that they can be available to assist this person through their journey if or when that is needed. And again, there are multiple studies that have shown positive outcomes for anxiety and depression. One that was conducted at John Hopkins University found that a single high dose of psilocybin produced substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in participants with life-threatening cancer, and these effects persisted for up to 6 months in many of the participants. They believe that these effects may be in part due to

the mystical-type experiences people were having, suggesting a profound change in the participants' outlook on life. Another study done by Imperial College London showed that psilocybin could almost reset the brains of patients with severe depression, leading to improvements in mood and cognition. The brain imaging revealed that psilocybin affected the default mode network, which is often overactive in depression. Psilocybin's ability to help reprocess traumatic memories also makes it a promising treatment for PTSD. The altered state of consciousness allows individuals to confront and integrate traumatic experiences in a supportive setting. One of the ways this is thought to work is that by reducing the activity in the amygdala, that emotional fear center of the brain, psilocybin helps patients revisit traumatic memories without the usual overwhelming emotional response. This process, combined with therapeutic support, can lead to lasting reductions in PTSD symptoms. Studies have also demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted therapy can lead to improvements with addiction, and the mechanism of how this is thought to

occur. Also, builds off the information we have previously learned through increasing neuroplasticity and by disrupting the default mode Network, psilocybin can reduce the rigid self-referential thinking patterns often associated with addictive behaviors. Additionally, the profound psychological experiences during a session can lead to significant emotional and cognitive insights, helping individuals confront and process the underlying psychological factors that are contributing to their addiction. So, although psilocybin has shown promise in various therapeutic settings, it's important to acknowledge its potential negative effects. Some users may experience bad trips, which can include intense fear, paranoia, and anxiety. These experiences can be quite distressing and may lead to long-term psychological impacts if they're not managed properly. In addition, psilocybin can cause physical effects such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and even muscle weakness. Also, the dosing can be challenging, especially in recreational settings, because it can be difficult to know exactly how much psilocybin someone is getting per mushroom or per weight of mushroom. The amount of actual psilocybin

in each mushroom can vary amongst different mushroom types, with the content of psilocybin ranging anywhere from about 0.5% to 2%. And the challenge with this is that the average recreational user does not have an exact way to know this percentage. So, let's say we had a mushroom that contained 1% of psilocybin. If that whole mushroom weighed 1 gram, that means there would be about 10 Mig of psilocybin in that mushroom. But let's say the mushroom contains 2%, that would essentially double the dose of psilocybin, which could be problematic using this in a recreational setting where you can't control for the exact dosing like you can in therapeutic settings. Moderate doses of psilocybin are considered 2 to three grams if you're weighing by mushroom, which would be about 20 to 30 milligrams if we're using that 1%. Whereas a high dose, which is often referred to as the hero's dose in the

recreational world is over 5 G. And something else that is very important to consider is that for those with a predisposition for certain mental health conditions like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, psilocybin can exacerbate symptoms or even trigger the onset of these conditions. So it pretty much be contraindicated with someone that has a history of these conditions or has an immediate family member with one of these conditions. So it is crucial to approach siloc cybin with caution and ensure it is used in a safe and therapeutic environment where a clinician could screen for contraindications and assist someone on this mind-altering journey. And as always thanks for watching and supporting the channel Channel everyone. Hopefully you learned some cool things about s ayin today, and if you're interested in ag1 we have that link in the description below. Let us know what you thought about the video in the comments, and we'll see you soon.

What Psilocybin Does to Your Brain | Can It Improve Mental Health?

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Institute of Human Anatomy

실로시빈은 불안, 우울증, 중독, 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 잠재적 치료 효과가 있는 자연 발생 환각 화합물입니다.

주로 세로토닌 수용체, 특히 기분, 지각, 시각 및 인지를 담당하는 영역에 집중된 5-HT2A 수용체에 결합하여 뇌에 영향을 미칩니다.

실로시빈은 대부분의 지역에서 불법이지만 일부 지역에서 비범죄화되고 합법화된 것은 안전성에 대한 우려에도 불구하고 긍정적인 정신 건강 결과를 보여주는 연구 결과 때문입니다.

실로시빈은 신경전달물질 방출을 변화시키고 시냅스 가소성을 향상시켜 불안, 우울증, 중독과 같은 상태를 해결하기 위한 뇌의 재결합을 잠재적으로 돕습니다.

실로시빈은 전전두엽 피질에 영향을 미쳐 판단력과 행동을 변화시키고 다른 뇌 영역과의 연결성을 높여 정서적, 인지적 통찰력을 촉진할 수 있습니다.

실로시빈은 또한 후두엽에 위치한 시각 피질에 영향을 미쳐 실로시빈을 복용하는 동안 경험하는 시각 효과에 잠재적으로 기여할 수 있습니다.

실로시빈은 시각적 지각을 향상시켜 사용자가 선명하고 복잡한 시각 자료, 강렬한 색상 및 패턴을 볼 수 있게 합니다.

또한 편도체와 해마에 영향을 미쳐 정서적 민감성을 높이고 외상성 기억을 재처리할 가능성이 높아집니다.

이 약물은 디폴트 모드 네트워크를 방해하여 자아가 해체되고 심오한 신비로운 경험을 하게 하는 동시에 유연한 사고를 촉진하여 불안과 우울증과 같은 질환에 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

또한 실로시빈은 시냅스 가소성을 향상시켜 일반적으로 연결되지 않은 뇌 영역 간의 연결을 촉진하고 잠재적으로 공감각을 유도합니다.

실로시빈이 정신 건강에 미치는 영향

실로시빈은 여행 중 시각적 경험에 영향을 미치는 음악과 함께 감각의 통합을 만들어낼 수 있습니다.

최근 연구에 따르면 실로시빈은 특히 치료 저항성이 있는 경우 가이드 치료 세션을 통해 우울증과 불안 증상을 크게 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났습니다.

경험이 풍부한 임상의와 함께 안전하고 지지적인 환경에서 실로시빈을 섭취하는 것은 경험의 결과에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 실로시빈을 섭취하는 세트와 환경이 매우 중요합니다.

실로시빈의 치료 잠재력과 위험성

실로시빈은 뇌를 재설정하고 외상성 기억을 재처리하여 우울증을 치료할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었습니다.

또한 공포 반응을 줄이고 정서적, 인지적 통찰력을 촉진하여 외상 후 스트레스 장애와 중독에 대한 잠재적 이점을 제공합니다.

그러나 이 약을 사용할 경우 나쁜 여행, 심리적 영향, 신체적 부작용의 위험이 있으며, 특히 레크리에이션 환경에서 복용량을 조절하기 어려울 수 있습니다.

버섯의 실로시빈 함량 이해하기

5%에서 2%까지 다양하며, 이는 레크리에이션 사용자의 복용량과 효과에 영향을 미칩니다.

실로시빈 함량이 1% 차이가 나면 복용량이 두 배가 될 수 있으므로, 레크리에이션 환경에서 통제되지 않은 복용으로 인해 잠재적인 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다.

실로시빈은 정신 건강 상태를 악화시킬 수 있으며 이러한 질환의 소인이나 가족력이 있는 경우 금기이므로 안전하고 임상적인 지침에 따라 사용해야 할 필요가 강조됩니다.