지속 가능한 데이터 스토리지 혁신을 위한 토종 솔루션

### 데이터 스토리지 혁신: 토착 지식과 유전체학 활용하기
* 🌊 친구이자 과학자인 클리프 카포노와 켈루 폭스가 **서핑, 데이터, 유전체학의 독특한 교차점**에 대해 이야기하며 바다와 과학 혁신에 대한 두 사람의 공통된 열정을 강조합니다.
* 📱 두 사람의 소통은 종종 서핑 업데이트와 밈으로 채워져 개인과 직업의 조화를 보여주며, **Fox는 분석 화학 박사 학위를 받은 프로 서퍼**라는 카포노의 독특한 배경을 강조합니다.
* 💻 디지털 시대로 인해 데이터 생산량이 폭발적으로 증가하면서 **내년까지 500억 개 이상의 IoT 디바이스가 800억 테라바이트의 정보를 생성**할 것으로 예측되는 등 데이터 스토리지에 대한 과제가 증가하고 있다는 점을 인식하고 있습니다.
* 🔥 데이터 센터의 에너지 수요는 기가바이트가 전송될 때마다 **3~7킬로와트시**가 필요하기 때문에 항공 산업보다 더 큰 탄소 발자국을 유발합니다.
* 🌱 카포노와 폭스는 생물체의 게놈에 데이터를 저장해 **이산화탄소를 격리하고 에너지 소비를 줄여 기후 위기를 지속 가능한 혁신의 기회로 전환**할 수 있는 획기적인 해결책을 제안합니다.
* 🌾 이들은 **사탕수수의 게놈을 데이터 저장에 활용**하는 동시에 다른 지역 식물과 함께 토착 토지 시스템을 활성화함으로써 역사적으로 하와이의 식민주의와 연관된 사탕수수에 대한 이야기를 재구성하는 것을 목표로 합니다.
* 🌍 메가랜드 프로젝트는 원주민 커뮤니티의 희망을 상징하며, **상업적 개발을 위한 부지를 생태적, 문화적 회복력을 위한 센터**로 탈바꿈시켜 데이터와 토지의 연결성을 유지할 수 있도록 합니다.
* 💡 궁극적으로는 원주민의 지식과 관행에서 데이터 저장 문제에 대한 해결책이 도출되어 **환경 및 커뮤니티와 더 깊은 관계**를 형성하는 미래를 구상합니다.

클리프 카포노와 케올루 폭스는 지속 가능한 미래를 위해 데이터를 DNA에 저장하고 기술과 원주민의 관습을 결합하는 것을 구상하고 있습니다.

Cliff Kapono: So, people are pretty surprised when I tell them I know the world's first native Hawaiian genome scientist. Not because of all the texts he sends me about genome editing and DNA research, but mostly because they're dominated by cat memes. Keolu Fox: Oh, brother, you know there's plenty of surfing in there, too. CK: That's true. Those take up their own folder. KF: There's something you should know about Cliff and me. We've known each other forever, and we spend way too much time staring at our phones, looking at surf videos. CK: He's one of those screen time people. You know, FaceTime only, won't answer the phone unless he's giving us face-to-face. And if he is texting me, he's asking me to send him updates on what the waves look like or how the waves were. KF: That's true. I love FaceTime, but that's because Cliff here is unique.

As the only professional surfer to have a PhD in analytical chemistry, no less, he gets to spend his time exploring and surfing some of the most incredible waves on the planet. And now that we have the capacity to share that information from anywhere in the world, why wouldn't we? CK: Probably because it's using up all my monthly data, sending him images of what the waves look like whenever I'm on a surf trip. KF: That brings up a good point. We do share and interact with terabytes of data almost every day, some more than others. CK: Through texts, emails, and now this thing -- I don't know if you guys heard about AI -- we're entering a new phase of data production, consumption, and probably one of the most challenging issues of our generation -- data storage. KF: But we think we have a solution. And the answer is an Indigenous one. We believe we can package text, images, and even surf videos

in the genomes of living organisms and access them at a later time. CK: Because, as Keolu likes to remind me, what's a genome if not a giant hard drive? Our difference is we want to put this information into local plants, sequestering atmospheric CO2, and also reducing the energy required in a rapidly changing climate. KF: You see, the climate crisis has a new problem. Data centers are rapidly contributing to this climate crisis. And data forecasters estimate that by next year, there will be over 50 billion IoT devices connected to one another, generating over 80 billion terabytes of information. And to put things into context, that new iPhone in your pocket, that can hold a total of around one terabyte of information. CK: But we're not just storing information on our phones anymore. We're uploading them onto that cloud, wherever it is. And heat is a byproduct of cloud storage. It's estimated between three to seven kilowatt-hours of energy are needed

for every gigabyte of information transferred and stored. To put that into context, watching about two minutes of 4K video is the same amount of energy that's required to power your phone for one year. And if we are continuing to back up this information, as we are encouraged to do, the heat expenditure could increase exponentially, moving into the future. KF: Now data centers combat these thermodynamic challenges by relying on cooling mechanisms, kind of like air conditioners, but they take up around 40 percent of their energy demands. And because of this, their energy footprint is greater than the airline industry's as a whole. CK: Imagine how much energy was required by the entire US alone. KF: Funny you should ask, Clifford. The data industry requires approximately 200 terawatt-hours annually and with the combination of smart devices, like phones, watches, and personal computers, it accounts for two percent of global CO2 emissions.

But here's the kicker. With the introduction of GPUs and large language models, and deep learning, heat emissions from data centers are poised to surpass the fossil fuel industry as the number one contributor to the climate crisis in our lifetimes. But there's a better way. DNA. After all, life has been storing information in the organisms' genomes for billions of years, and storing text, images, and videos is nothing new. CK: Working off the research by Daniel Gibson, a monumental study in 2017, led by Seth Shipman and Joe Davis, showed the world that we can put a video into the genome of a bacteria. They showed us that every image pixel can be represented by a unique RGB color code. KF: And that color code can be ciphered into the genetic code, and those sequences can be inserted into the noncoding portion of an organism's genome, using genome editing techniques that many of you are familiar with.

CK: And all we need to do to access this information at a later time is to sequence the genes that hold that information and cipher it back into the pixeled image. And we see the potential of this research, and we want to expand beyond just single-cellular organisms like bacteria, and move into multicellular organisms, multicellular organisms like sugarcane. KF: What once was a symbol of colonialism across our islands, can now be viewed as a symbol for a more sustainable future. CK: If you're not catching the colonial reference there, let us remind you of some of the history. In 1893, a group of American sugarcane plantation owners illegally overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom, in part to avoid tax import on sugar production, leaving behind 131 years of illegal occupation and systemic oppression across our islands. KF: And for many of us Hawaiians, sugar has left a bitter taste in our mouths.

CK: But we want to reshape this narrative and take back agency by putting data into the very thing that nearly wiped out our people. Additionally, we see sugar as something that is beyond just a way to decolonize the data industry, but also a way to show something practical. Its genome is enormous, and it has multiple genes within it. KF: Which theoretically is great for data storage, duplication, and integrity. Imagine storing over 200,000 terabytes of information in a single gram of DNA. CK: And you would think with this sort of technology, we'd be out there planting acres and acres of these sugar drives, like those greedy fuckers of the past. (Laughter) But we think we have something different. We want to do it differently. KF: We believe that sugar drives are just a small part of the solution. We’re also exploring other Indigenous varieties of breadfruit, coconut, and other microbiota.

We have an ambitious dream of revitalizing Indigenous land systems that double as biological data centers. CK: And we hope everyone remembers that indigeneity is just not about being native peoples. It's about understanding the unique roles that multiple species have within our ecosystem. KF: All of us come from unique places with a tremendous amount of native species. Collectively, all of those species help those systems to function better. CK: All of us Indigenous beings have to reckon with the fact that we all must return to the earth, and that MEGA Land is a place where we hope our data can go. KF: Resting on the banks of our town's largest living estuary, this two-acre parcel of land is a beacon of hope for Indigenous people around the world. CK: What was destined to be another hotel, condominium or marina is now becoming a thriving Indigenous land use center. KF: Here, there exists a tremendous amount of information

that can be digitized and stored locally, just like our community's oral histories, hula, and chants. CK: Biodiversity metrics can be taken alongside environmental observations by the people who depend on this area and put into organisms that potentially hold the key to environmental resilience. KF: Data no longer need to be taken away from these places and stored in hot, dark, noisy rooms miles away. CK: It can remain connected to the land, like the stories of old and the Indigenous peoples of today. KF: We're talking about doing something new that we know to be very, very old. CK: And this might not solve the global data storage crisis, but as we move into a future where there's digital species and AI influencers, we hope that some of the solutions that we so desperately seek aren't only found in a deep algorithm in some supercomputer, but they might be in a community that is standing in front of you today.

(Applause) Oh, you guys are getting crazy. OK. (Applause) But probably the biggest hope, for me at least, of this whole experiment -- (Laughter) Is to one day be able to respond to Keolu's annoying texts. KF: How were the waves? CK: Take a hike at the MEGA Land, sequence some DNA and see it for yourself. Both: Thank you. (Applause) (Laughter)

Could We Replace Data Centers With … Plant DNA? | Cliff Kapono and Keolu Fox | TED

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클리프 카포노와 켈루 폭스: 독특한 우정

오랜 친구인 클리프 카포노와 켈루 폭스는 서핑과 게놈 연구에 대한 사랑으로 특별한 유대감을 나눕니다.

분석 화학 박사 학위를 가진 유일한 프로 서퍼인 Cliff는 자신의 데이터 기반 접근 방식을 사용하여 Keolu와 파도 정보를 공유합니다.

이들은 텍스트, 이미지, 서핑 비디오를 함께 패키징하는 것을 목표로 데이터 생산 및 저장의 증가하는 과제에 대한 토착적인 솔루션을 믿습니다.

데이터센터가 기후 위기에 미치는 영향

내년까지 500억 개의 IoT 디바이스가 800억 테라바이트 이상의 정보를 생성할 것으로 예상되는 가운데 데이터 센터가 기후 위기에 크게 기여하고 있습니다.

데이터 전송 및 저장에 필요한 에너지는 기가바이트당 3~7킬로와트시(kWh)로 상당하며, 이는 열 소비량 증가로 이어집니다.

데이터 산업 전체에 매년 약 200테라와트시가 필요하며, 이는 전 세계 이산화탄소 배출량의 2%를 차지합니다.

지속 가능한 데이터 저장을 위한 DNA 활용

데이터 센터에서 배출되는 열은 화석 연료 산업을 제치고 기후 위기의 주범으로 떠오를 전망입니다.

연구에 따르면 고유한 색상 코드와 게놈 편집 기술을 사용하여 유기체의 게놈에 비디오와 이미지와 같은 정보를 저장할 수 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌습니다.

이 연구는 단세포 생물에서 하와이에서 논란이 되고 있는 사탕수수와 같은 다세포 생물로 확대하는 것이 목표입니다.

토착 관행을 통한 내러티브 재구성

연사들은 데이터를 활용해 주체성을 되찾고 데이터 산업의 탈식민지화를 위한 설탕의 잠재력을 탐구하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이들은 원주민 토지 시스템을 활성화하고 빵나무열매와 코코넛과 같은 다양한 종을 생물학적 데이터 센터로 활용해야 한다고 믿습니다.

이들의 야심찬 프로젝트인 메가 랜드는 원주민의 주요 지역을 번성하는 원주민 토지 이용 센터로 탈바꿈시켜 전 세계 원주민에게 희망을 선사하고 있습니다.

환경 복원력을 위한 지역 지식의 디지털화

지역 생물다양성 지표와 환경 관찰 자료를 디지털화하여 원래 위치에 저장함으로써 토지에 대한 연결성을 유지할 수 있습니다.

이 접근 방식은 지역 사회와 원주민에게 힘을 실어주는 것을 목표로 하며, 전통 지식을 존중하면서 데이터 저장에 대한 현대적인 솔루션을 제공합니다.

이 실험은 기술뿐만 아니라 지역사회 자체에서 글로벌 과제에 대한 해결책을 찾을 수 있기를 희망합니다.