냉소주의자 디오게네스: 독립과 단순함의 철학

### 냉소주의자 디오게네스: 파격과 독립의 철학을 실천하는 삶
* 🐕 뻔뻔하고 파격적인 행동으로 유명한 냉소주의자 디오게네스는 **사회적 규범과 가치가 인간의 본성과 상충**된다고 믿으며 이를 무시했습니다.
* 🛢 디오게네스는 몇 가지 소유물만 가지고 **통 속에 살면서 사회를 비판**하고 단순하고 자급자족하는 삶을 옹호했습니다.
* 그는 **물질적 부의 추구가 만악의 근원**이라고 생각하여 이를 거부했으며, **사회적 기대를 포기**함으로써 진정한 행복을 찾을 수 있다고 믿었습니다.
* 💬 디오게네스의 철학은 정교한 윤리 체계보다는 행동에 기반을 두었으며, **다른 사람들의 신념과 행동에 도전**함으로써 깨달음을 얻고자 했습니다.
* 🏛 디오게네스의 냉소주의 철학은 비 정통적인 방법에도 불구하고 영향을 미쳤고 후에 **스토아주의로 발전**했습니다.
* 🐶 디오게네스는 자신의 개 이름처럼 사회적 제약에서 벗어나 **현재의 순간을 살면 미덕과 내면의 평화**를 찾을 수 있다고 가르쳤습니다.

냉소주의자 디오게네스의 철학은 사회 규범에 도전하며 자연에 순응하는 단순한 삶을 옹호합니다.

He mocked people on the streets, insulted authority, broke all forms of etiquette, and did not care about personal hygiene. In addition to that, he defecated, urinated, and even sexually satisfied himself in public. When you think about philosophy, the brazenness of Diogenes the Cynic's behavior is probably not the first thing that comes to mind. Diogenes strongly opposed social values and institutions because, according to him, they are in conflict with human nature. He believed that human society instilled in us all kinds of unnatural desires that are not only obsolete but also prevent us from being happy. Therefore, we must rid ourselves of these corrupt man-made institutions so that we are able to live as we are supposed to live: in accordance with nature. Diogenes's stance towards everything cultivated was very obvious. He practiced what he preached, behaving obscenely without regard for protocol. It is not surprising that people called him 'Dog-like', referring to a dog, or simply 'the dog'. This video explores the philosophy of Diogenes and what we can learn from his ideas. DIOGENES, THE CYNIC A student of Socrates named Antisthenes laid the groundwork for what would later become the philosophical school called Cynicism. The word cynicism comes from the ancient Greek kunikós, which means 'Dog-like'.

Referring to the follower of Antisthenes, Diogenes, who was born in a Greek colony called Sinope. It is not certain if Antisthenes and Diogenes ever met, but he and the dog-like philosopher definitely shared a preference for living a life of poverty. Both would have agreed that wealth is not a matter of possessions. I quote: Wealth and poverty are not in a person's possessions, but in their souls. End of quote. There is a difference between modern cynicism and philosophical cynicism. Cynicism, as used today, refers to a negative attitude towards human nature. Or as defined by the Cambridge Dictionary: The belief that people are only interested in themselves and are insincere. The ancient cynics, however, were not negative at all towards human nature. They simply fiercely opposed the societies that humans create for themselves, which, in their view, prevent them from living according to their true nature. Therefore, they criticize human behavior, but believe that we can be healed. Chapter 1: The dog - his life and his actions. Diogenes was the embodiment of poverty. He lived in a barrel near the market in the city-state of Corinth. He possessed nothing except some old rags and a bowl for eating and drinking. When he saw a child drinking water using his hands, he threw away the bowl as well.

Although he was poor and rejected social norms and customs, he was not isolated from society. In fact, the strange man challenged people by engaging in conversations and confronting them with their faults. The famous philosopher Plato was a contemporary of Diogenes, who believed that ideas are the basis of reality. Diogenes, however, criticized him for being too theoretical. He often mocked Plato by disrupting his lectures. On one occasion, Plato received praise for his definition of a human being as 'a featherless biped.' In response, Diogenes plucked a chicken, entered Plato's academy, and said, Behold! I have brought you a man! In a way, we could see Diogenes as an anti-philosopher. He rejected the need for an elaborate ethical system and all kinds of academic authority. His philosophy was demonstrated through his actions, and this method was the key to his success: his realistic philosophy was easily accessible to the masses, and cynicism as a philosophical school would later flourish in Greece and Rome. Plato, despite recognizing Diogenes' brilliance and wit, disapproved of his obscene behavior, calling him Socrates gone mad. Plato certainly was not the only one he mocked. One day, he visited the market in broad daylight with a lantern, examining people.

At random, saying, I am looking for a human being. But I have not found any. Of course, he meant that everyone found in the market had already lost contact with their humanity. He tried to convey the same message by walking backward through the corridor. When people laughed at him, he challenged them by asking, Aren't you ashamed, you who walk backward along the entire path of existence, and blame me for walking backward along the promenade? End of quote. It was probably both funny and frustrating for Diogenes at the same time, seeing the blindness of the people to the situation they had built for themselves, and the ridiculous standards they expected each other to conform to. Therefore, Diogenes did not live just for himself: he also tried to enlighten the people around him. Many anecdotes describe Diogenes as like a dog or 'dog-like'. When asked why people described him that way, he replied, I serve those who give anything, I bark at those who refuse, and I put my teeth into scoundrels. However, one day he took his aspirations to be like a dog to a whole new level when a group of wealthy Athenians at a banquet disrespectfully threw bones at him. His response: to lift his leg and urinate on them. Diogenes was not married. He satisfied his sexual desires by masturbating, which he did, as expected, in public.

When he was ridiculed for this, he responded, I wish it were so easy to banish. Probably the most famous anecdote about Diogenes is the one where he mocked Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great was a king of Macedonia, and one of the most successful military commanders in history. During his reign, he was able to establish an empire that stretched from Greece to India. When Alexander stayed in Corinth, Diogenes paid no attention to him, unlike many other philosophers and statesmen who rushed to congratulate their monarch on his achievements. Alexander wanted to meet this dog-like man he had heard about, so he decided to look for him, and found him lying in the sun. As recorded by the ancient Greek philosopher Plutarch, I quote: Diogenes stood up a bit when he saw so many people coming towards him, and fixed his eyes on Alexander. And when the monarch approached him with greetings and asked if he wanted something, Yes... said Diogenes, ...just move a little out of my sun. End of quote. According to Plutarch, Alexander was struck by this treatment. Showing great admiration for Diogenes, he said to his followers, If I were not Alexander, I would wish to be Diogenes. There is no consensus on how Diogenes died. Some say he died of rabies (as he was always surrounded by his best friends: the dogs).

Others believe he died from food poisoning, and some say he ended his own life by holding his breath. Chapter 2: A Philosopher of Independence. Now, after sharing some of his anecdotes, let's explore why he did what he did and what Diogenes' philosophy implies. The Cynics pointed out the lack of meaning in civilized life, showing that humans are not inherently bad creatures, but have created a society that distances them from their true nature. Similar to Socratic thinking, the Cynics believed that virtue and happiness are in our own hands, and therefore, external things are irrelevant when it comes to achieving them. Like Socrates, Diogenes believed that a good life was a life of self-sufficiency. Because he owned nothing and desired nothing more than the satisfaction of his basic needs, it was easy for him to be content. He did not need things like material wealth and status to be happy, and he could not care less about what people thought of him. Diogenes enjoyed the simple pleasures of life, which are much easier to attain, as opposed to the benefits that society wants us to pursue, which often require a lot of effort to obtain. The philosopher Epicurus shared this view and also rejected the pursuit of pleasures that cost us more than what we actually receive. For example, the pursuit of material wealth. Diogenes considered money as the root of all evil.

And let's be honest: society expects us to break our backs beyond our means to achieve the superficial goals it imposes on us. Some people are even willing to commit immoral acts including violence and murder, just to make money. And for what? Most of the time, to buy things they don't need to impress people they don't even like. Therefore, when we remove social pressure from the equation, what is the point of pursuing material wealth? Diogenes felt compassion for all those people who are caught in the hamster wheel, running in the hope of getting what they will never have unless they break free from the social rat race, live a simple life that is natural for our species, and enjoy the present moment. He considered this a shortcut to virtue; a much easier and more convenient way to be happy. From Diogenes' point of view, dogs are great teachers on how to live in accordance with nature. They relax when they want to, eat when they are hungry (and whatever they can find), mate in public without shame, and live in the present moment without anxiety. Regarding the latter characteristic, we could say that many spiritual seekers are looking for what dogs already have. Although a life of poverty may seem like a disempowered position to be in: Diogenes' way of life made him extremely powerful. After all: he was independent of external factors, and therefore, no one could harm him.

He himself, and not the external world, was in control of his happiness. On the other hand, Diogenes sought to live a life of effort. Because by deliberately living a hard life, we not only make ourselves stronger, but also more capable of enjoying the little things. An example of this was that he often begged to statues, which he saw as a practice of being rejected. In summary: Diogenes the Cynic was infamous for behaving like a dog, living in a barrel with nothing but some old rags. He was a man of simplicity. His philosophy, Cynicism, is not based on complicated systems of ethics and vast academic works. Rather, it is based on actions. Diogenes criticized modern society and how it separates people from their true nature. His philosophy is understood as a cure for the lamentable human condition. It encourages us to live a life of work, break with convention, renounce the external, and enjoy the Here and Now. Diogenes practiced what he preached: his anecdotes portray his unconventional behavior. He truly did not care about the things that society tells us to worry about. Status, money, social norms: Diogenes ignored them all. There are quite a few similarities between Stoicism and Cynicism. Therefore, it is not surprising that Stoicism descends directly from Cynicism. The biographer Diogenes Laërtius wrote that Zeno, the founder of Stoicism, had written his

In the queue of a dog, as indicated by Crates, a sexually exhibitionist student of Diogenes. Stoicism is clearly a philosophy for those who seek to engage in society and work alongside their peers. Cynicism, on the other hand, is a philosophy for outcasts. However, both support the idea that the achievement of happiness, virtue, and inner peace is entirely within our control. Thank you for watching the video.

The Philosopher Who Urinated On People | DIOGENES

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냉소주의자 디오게네스의 철학

냉소주의자 디오게네스는 사회적 가치와 제도가 인간의 본성과 충돌하고 진정한 행복을 방해한다고 믿으며 이에 반대했습니다.

그는 자신의 철학을 증명하기 위해 가난하고 음란한 삶을 살았으며, "개"라는 별명을 얻기도 했습니다.

디오게네스를 비롯한 고대 냉소주의자들은 인간의 행동과 사회를 비판했지만 치유와 진정한 본성에 따른 삶의 가능성을 믿었습니다.

냉소주의자 디오게네스의 파격적인 삶

플라톤과 동시대의 디오게네스는 도발적인 행동과 학문적 권위에 대한 거부를 통해 사회적 규범에 도전했습니다.

그의 현실적이고 접근하기 쉬운 철학은 그리스와 로마에서 냉소주의가 번성할 수 있는 토대를 마련했습니다.

자신을 무시하는 부유한 아테네 시민에게 오줌을 싸고 공개적으로 자위행위를 하는 등 디오게네스의 파격적인 행동은 사람들에게 봉사하고 짖는 개 같은 그의 철학을 반영합니다.

시노페의 디오게네스의 삶과 철학

시노페의 디오게네스는 알렉산더 대왕을 조롱하고 극도로 소박한 삶을 살았던 유명한 철학자였습니다.

그는 자급자족을 믿었고 물질적 소유와 부와 지위 추구를 거부했습니다.

냉소주의자나 소크라테스와 마찬가지로 미덕과 행복은 자신이 통제할 수 있다고 생각했으며, 사회적 추구보다 삶의 소박한 즐거움을 더 중요하게 여겼습니다.

냉소주의자 디오게네스는 물질적 부와 사회적 규범을 추구하지 않는 단순한 삶을 추구하며 현재의 순간에서 행복을 찾았습니다.

그의 철학은 자연에 순응하고 사회의 압력을 거부하는 데 중점을 두었습니다.

디오게네스의 냉소주의는 복잡한 윤리보다 행동을 강조하며 관습과의 단절과 외적 욕망의 포기를 장려했습니다.

금욕주의는 사회에 적극적으로 참여하기 위한 철학이고 냉소주의는 소외된 사람들을 위한 철학입니다.

두 철학 모두 행복과 내면의 평화는 우리가 통제할 수 있다는 점을 강조합니다.

동영상을 시청해 주셔서 감사합니다.