연금과 401k 중 선택하기: 재정 가이드

### 연금과 401k 중 선택하기: 신입 졸업생을 위한 가이드
* 💼 갓 졸업한 롭은 주 정부 기관에서 연금과 5% 매칭을 제공하는 401k 같은 플랜 중 하나를 선택해야 하는 상황에서 **확정 기여형과 확정 급여형 플랜의 차이점**에 대해 토론하게 됩니다.
* 📊 401k와 같은 확정 기여형 플랜은 투자의 미래 가치를 보장하지 않으므로 성장의 책임이 개인에게 있는 반면, **확정 급여형 플랜 또는 연금은 근속 기간과 급여에 따라 특정 급여를 약속**하고 고용주가 투자 위험을 부담합니다.
* 💡 Rob과 같이 저축과 투자에 관심이 많은 젊은 개인에게 **확정기여형 퇴직연금 플랜**은 특히 장기간에 걸쳐 현명하게 자금을 투자할 경우 **상당한 성장 가능성**이 있기 때문에 유리할 수 있습니다.
* 💰 확정기여형 퇴직연금의 **5% 매칭**과 비교하여 고용주의 연금 약속의 가치를 평가하고 각 옵션의 이점을 비교하여 어느 것이 개인의 재정 목표에 더 부합하는지 판단하는 것이 중요합니다.
* 🔍 또한 Rob이 확정기여형 퇴직연금 플랜을 선택하면 **HSA와 IRA에 대한 불입금을 최대화**하여 즉각적인 혜택과 미래 보장성을 모두 갖춘 다각화된 투자 전략을 수립해야 합니다.
* 📉 결정을 내리기 전에 **연금 플랜의 자금 상태가 부족하지 않은지 조사**하여 향후 약속된 혜택을 받지 못할 위험이 있는지 확인하는 것이 중요합니다.
* 🔄 마지막으로, 은퇴가 임박한 사람들은 일시금을 받을지 연금을 받을지 결정할 때에도 재무 계획에서 기회 비용의 중요성을 강조하면서 **최상의 재무 결과를 결정하기 위해 신중한 수학적 계산**을 해야 합니다.

Rob은 재정적 미래를 극대화하기 위해 5% 매칭 적립금의 혜택과 연금에 대한 약속을 비교 검토해야 합니다.

[Music] all right. This is from Rob. Rob said, I'm a new grad, and I'm just starting in my career working at a state agency. We are required - now this is interesting - I thought to choose between a pension or a 401k-like plan with a 5% match. Which one should I choose? Thank you. So, it sounds like at this agency, I can either do a defined contribution plan or I can do a defined benefit plan. Well, if I'm in Rob's situation, first, can you tell me a little bit about what's the difference between the two? And when I think about building for my wealth-building journey, how do I know which one makes the most sense for me? Yeah, this is going to be fun with math with Rob because defined contributions are plans where they don't know where your money is going or what it will be worth. There's no guarantees on that. It's up to you to kind of put the money to work, to invest it, and let it grow. So

the only thing that's defined is that they're going to contribute. They're going to give you a matching contribution, it sounds like in your case 5%. So, this could be an outstanding thing if you think about money that was invested in the 80s or 90s, like into the S&P 500, is worth like it will blow your mind if you go see what $10,000 has become if you invested in 1980, and then fast forward through a typical working career, and you're like, Wow, that's amazing that that sum of money has exploded into wealth. So, in that case, you'd be like, That's an awesome deal. I'd want to take the defined contribution. The defined benefit, which is what the pension is, means that they put limits. They're actually, they're taking your employer, taking on the responsibility of what the money will become because they're promising you the benefit upon that passage of time, meaning that they're bearing the risk of

actually what's going on in that investment. So, that means that we've got a math problem here, Bo, and there's going to be multiple variables where you have to figure out which one do I think is better for me. And there's several things. I'll give a few clues and let you kind of close it out. I think a young person, this is something when, if you know in yourself that you're going to be consistent, that you're dedicated and disciplined to saving and investing. You know, the defined contribution is tremendously valuable because you know you are the master of the domain of how you're investing and what is going to become. For those of you who struggle with that discipline and just don't think you'll put in enough money, and you need to back into what is the promise they're offering you. Because if it's something amazing where you do the math, you back into what you would have to actually make as a rate of return, and you realize, Oh my God, they're over

promising this is the best thing since sliced bread. You could take advantage of that and then go still load up your WTH and all the other things. That's what I was going to say. I'm trying to, I'm working with my girls right now on like opportunity cost. I'm trying to teach them the difference like if I choose one thing, I'm giving up another. And I'm trying to like get their head to wrap around that. What I love is when you can keep options in your corner. And what I think is great when you have this choice between a defined benefit or defined contribution plan. If you forgo the defined benefit and you do the defined contribution, yes, you're going to get this 5% match, which is amazing. But there's not really anything inside of your ecosystem that allows you to go create that pensionable benefit outside of like Social Security. It's the only other thing that exists that will allow you to do that. What I think would be really interesting, again, you have to do

the math because you have to see, okay, how valuable is the promise they're giving me versus that 5% free money that they're giving me, and I have to weigh those two. But once I've made that decision, if the opinion is interesting, I might take advantage of that because I won't be able to recreate that thing in the future. But then in addition, just like you said, I'm going to be saving like a banshee. I'm going to go max out my HSA, max out my IRA. If I do all that well, then I'm going to open up a taxable brokerage account, and I'm going to have a Best of Both Worlds. I'm going to definitely contribute to my future, but I'm also going to have a benefit that's built in for the future. I think it's possible to potentially do Best of Both Worlds, and here's a little extra bonus point just to measure twice, cut once on this. If you find out that the pension is super rich, meaning it's like over

promised, and you're like, How in the world can they do this? You do have a next step you need to do. You need to go find out how well-funded the pension is and if it's grossly underfunded. That still might not mean that you still do it, but you just need to go see how close your projected benefit is to the pension benefit guarantee corporation's protections. Yep, um, because that is one of those things where there's a lot of pensions out there where people were over-promised, and then if you get way beyond what the government is going to protect or, you know, with that benefit pension benefit guarantee corporation, um, you might be really getting a false promise. So just do that extra step. And then I want to flip this because Rob is actually a new grad. He's at the beginning, so he really does have the dilemma of trying to figure out what will become of the assets and investing. But there's a lot of you out there that will also be approaching retirement and

you'll come to us and you'll call us and you'll say, Hey um, I can either take a lump sum or I can actually annuitize my pension and turn it in. What should I do? And I think you guys think that there's just going to be a rule of thumb that you just choose this always the same way, and it's not every time. It is a math calculation where we have to calculate what are the benefits that they're offering you with the pension, what does that equate to with the lump sum, so you can kind of then, you know, handicap which is the better deal. It's back to Bose's opportunity cost or incremental decision-making, which path is actually going to be the best opportunity for you to maximize your financial future.

Pension vs. 401(k): What’s the Best Choice for New Grads?

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연금과 401k와 유사한 플랜 중 선택하기

주 정부 기관의 신입사원인 Rob은 연금과 5% 매칭이 적용되는 401k와 유사한 플랜 중 하나를 선택해야 합니다.

401k와 같은 확정 기여형 플랜은 자금의 성장에 대한 보장을 제공하지 않으며 개인의 투자 결정에 따라 달라집니다.

반면에 확정 급여형 플랜은 연금과 마찬가지로 시간이 지남에 따라 특정 혜택을 약속하고 고용주에게 위험을 부담시킵니다.

투자 선택 탐색하기: 확정급여형과 확정기여형 비교하기

확정급여형과 확정기여형 중 하나를 선택하려면 저축과 투자에 있어 다양한 변수와 개인적인 규율을 고려해야 합니다.

확정기여형 플랜은 꾸준하고 헌신적인 사람들에게 유용하지만 확정급여형 플랜은 유망한 수익을 제공할 수 있습니다.

확정기여형 플랜은 5%의 매칭을 제공할 수 있지만 다른 연금 혜택이 부족할 수 있으므로 기회 비용을 이해하고 옵션을 열어 두는 것이 중요합니다.

재정적 결정의 균형 맞추기: 약속 대 저축

재정적 결정을 내릴 때는 약속된 혜택의 가치와 공짜로 제공되는 혜택의 가치를 비교하세요.

HSA와 IRA에 대한 불입금을 최대화하고, 과세 대상 중개 계좌를 개설하여 미래 저축에 대한 균형 잡힌 접근 방식을 고려하세요.

잘못된 약속을 피하기 위해 연금의 자금 조달 상태와 정부 보호 조치와의 연계성을 평가하는 것이 중요합니다.

연금 일시금과 연금 중 선택하기

일시금과 연금 중 하나를 결정하는 것은 일률적인 선택이 아닙니다.

일시금과 연금의 혜택을 비교하기 위해서는 수학적 계산이 필요합니다.

기회 비용과 점진적 의사 결정에 따라 재정적 미래를 극대화할 수 있는 최선의 경로를 결정해야 합니다.