인구 과잉: 오해와 진실

### 인구 과잉에 대한 오해와 진실: 전 세계 인구 통계 자세히 살펴보기
* 🌍 1960년대와 1970년대에는 인구 과잉에 대한 우려가 급증하면서 **상수도에 살균제를 추가하거나 특정 국가에 대한 식량 원조를 철회**하는 등의 해결책이 제시되었습니다.
* 📉 '인구 폭탄' 이론의 지지자들은 전 세계 출산율이 **1950년 여성 1인당 5명에서 현재 2.3명**으로 크게 감소하는 등 인구학적 전환의 영향을 과소평가했습니다.
* 🌾 농업의 기술 발전은 지난 50년 동안 **농작물 수확량이 두 배, 세 배, 네 배로 증가**하면서 인구 증가를 앞질렀습니다.
* 🌡 일반적인 생각과는 달리 출산율이 높은 국가는 **1인당 CO2 배출량이 낮은 경우**가 많기 때문에 이러한 지역에 수십억 명의 인구를 추가해도 전 세계 배출량에 미치는 영향은 미미할 것입니다.
* 👴 일부 국가에서는 인구 고령화와 노동력 감소로 인한 경제적 어려움으로 인구 부족이라는 정반대의 문제에 직면하고 있습니다.
* 🦠 환경 관련 논의에서 **인간을 암에 비유하는 것**은 어떤 사람들은 존재해서는 안 된다는 것을 암시하기 때문에 해롭고 비생산적이라는 비판을 받습니다.
* 💼 이 동영상은 다양한 비즈니스 기능을 하나의 플랫폼에 통합하는 오픈 소스 비즈니스 관리 소프트웨어인 Odoo에서 후원하며, **관심 있는 기업에게 14일 무료 체험판**을 제공합니다.

전 세계 인구 증가세가 둔화되고 농업의 기술 발전으로 1인당 식량 생산량이 증가했습니다.

- This Big Think video is sponsored by Odoo. - If you go back in human history, I'm sure the 'silver bullet'
of many environmental problems was just, There's just too many people. If we had less people, this
problem would be solved. This particular overpopulation concern became really prominent in
the 1960s and the 1970s. At the time, the big concern of the day was how we could produce enough food for a rapidly growing global population. This is really brought to the fore with the publication of the book, The Population Bomb, by
Paul R. Ehrlich in 1968. I think there are many people
of this same opinion today who still really strongly argue that the root of our
environmental problems is that there are just
too many people on Earth. So some of the really alarming proposals on how to tackle overpopulation
are, for example, adding sterilants to the
water or food supply.

offering responsibility prizes for families that chose
not to have children, offering lotteries where you
only get into the lottery if you are a couple that
hasn't had children, removing financial support
for families of a given size, or some of the most morbid, which is that, and especially for lower income countries, not just this notion of forced
or encouraged sterilization, but also the withdrawal
of food aid packages. There's often this framing
of a triage system, where some countries in the
world might be redeemable, and maybe we should help those
countries to feed themselves, but some countries are past this point- they could never be
able to feed themselves, and therefore, we should
withdraw any food aid. I think there was two key things the proponents of the population bomb or this overpopulation argument got wrong: I think the first one is
that they underestimated the impact of the demographic transition. I think they assumed
that the world population

would continue to grow
exponentially, and it hasn't. While the global population
is still growing, in fact, it's growing at a much slower rate. Global population growth
rates peaked decades ago and have halved since then. If we look at projections
into the future, the UN, for example, expects that
global population will peak well before the end of the
century and start to decline. The key thing that they
underestimated here was the fall in global fertility rates. Now, this is the kind of
average number of children that an average woman would have. Now globally in 1950,
that was around five, so every woman would have,
on average, five children. That has since fallen to
2.3 children per woman, and this is true across
most countries in the world. I think the other key thing the proponents of this underestimated was the massive technological advancements we've seen in agriculture. The issue at the time is that we wondered

how we would produce enough food for a growing population. But not only has global population growth slowed, we've also massively increased the amount of food we can produce. Crop yields across the world have doubled, tripled, or quadrupled over the last 50 years, which means that the amount of food we produce per person has actually gone up, not down, despite the fact that we have billions of more people on Earth. I think a key argument that people often say in terms of climate change is that there's just far too many people. And they'll often point to particular countries where fertility rates are still very high. There are some countries, for example, across Africa, where the average number of children per woman is four or five. I think what's really key to highlight here is that in these countries where fertility rates are very high, the incomes are low, and per capita CO2 emissions are also very, very low, extremely low.

That means that when you
do the maths on this, you could actually add billions of people at those very low incomes. It would have almost no impact
on global CO2 emissions. I think the other issue that some people are now highlighting is the
notion of underpopulation. Actually, population
growth slows down too much, and it creates particular problems. I think this won't be a problem for many countries in the
world, but I think for some, especially richer countries
with aging populations, you will start to see problems
with particular demographics and particular balances
of different demographics. The key problem with aging populations is that within a country, you
want a large number of people in the kind of working age bracket. Those are the people that
are propping up the economy and driving the economy forward. I think the problem that
some countries will have with large aging populations is that they won't have a
large enough group of people in the working age category.

I think there is this comparison that's often made by people that say that the problem is overpopulation. Is that humans are often compared to a cancer. Well, it's true that we do have environmental impacts, and we do have large problems to solve. I think it's a very dire prediction that we don't contribute anything to the world. If your messaging is that the human in front of you is a cancer, what you're saying is that you don't want them to be there, and you think that they should be removed. If this is gonna be the comparison we make on how to tackle environmental problems, it's a really damaging messaging, and just one that won't get us there. Hey Big Thinkers, thanks for watching this video. But before we go, we'd like to take a moment to thank the sponsor of this video, Odoo. Odoo is an open source business management software that acts as your company's operating system.

It's intuitive and user-friendly, and can be customized to meet your business's unique needs. Many companies find themselves juggling a patchwork of different applications - one for inventory, another for accounting, one for project management, and yet another for the website. This fragmented approach can be chaotic and inefficient. Odoo simplifies everything by offering a full suite of integrated apps that handle everything from bookkeeping to building an e-commerce website, all in one place. It's relief from the chaos. Odoo is particularly great for smaller businesses looking to scale. You can install only the features you need, as Odoo charges per user, not per app. This flexibility means you can easily add more features as your business grows. It's a hopeful solution for your future growth. Plus, if you're just using one app, it's free. Picture running a growing business with all your tools in one place. The technology may sound like a fantasy, but Odoo is very real.

If you're ready to transform your business
operations, visit odoo.com/bigthink to start a free 14-day trial. No credit card required. Or request a demo. Want to dive deeper? Become a Big Think member and join our members-only community, watch videos early, and
unlock full interviews.

The overpopulation myth, debunked by a data scientist | Hannah Ritchie

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인구 과잉에 대한 우려와 이에 대한 놀라운 제안

1960년대와 1970년대에는 전 세계 인구 증가에 따른 인구 과잉과 식량 생산에 대한 우려가 두드러졌습니다.

인구 과잉 문제를 해결하기 위해 물이나 식량 공급에 살균제를 추가하고, 아이를 낳지 않으면 인센티브를 제공하고, 심지어 저소득 국가에 대한 식량 원조를 철회하는 등의 놀라운 제안이 있었습니다.

인구 폭탄론을 지지하는 사람들은 인구학적 전환의 영향과 환경 문제를 해결하기 위한 기술 및 사회적 발전의 잠재력을 과소평가했습니다.

전 세계 인구 증가율은 정점을 찍은 이후 절반으로 줄었으며, 금세기 말 이전에 정점을 찍고 감소할 것으로 예상됩니다.

이러한 감소세는 주로 세계 출산율의 현저한 하락과 농업 분야의 엄청난 기술 발전에 기인합니다.

출산율이 높은 국가는 소득이 낮고 1인당 CO2 배출량도 매우 낮습니다.

인구 증가가 CO2 배출량 및 인구 통계에 미치는 영향

저소득층 인구 수십억 명을 추가해도 전 세계 이산화탄소 배출량에 미치는 영향은 미미합니다.

일부 부유한 국가의 인구 고령화는 인구 통계의 불균형을 초래하고 경제적 문제를 야기하고 있습니다.

인구 과잉과 관련하여 인간을 암에 비유하는 것은 환경 문제를 해결하는 데 있어 해롭고 비효율적인 방법으로 여겨집니다.

Odoo의 통합 앱으로 비즈니스를 간소화하세요.

Odoo는 부기부터 전자상거래에 이르기까지 모든 비즈니스 요구사항을 충족하는 통합 앱 제품군을 제공하여 원활하고 효율적인 솔루션을 제공합니다.

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Odoo를 사용하면 도구와 운영을 모두 한 곳에서 간소화할 수 있습니다.