샘 알트먼: AI 정책의 보이지 않는 힘

### 샘 알트먼의 부상: 선거의 해에 AI 정책 형성하기
* 🔍 미국의 기술 정책의 미래는 **트럼프나 해리스 같은 전통적인 정치 후보**보다는 **샘 알트먼과 같은 인물의 영향력**이 점점 더 커지고 있습니다.
* 💻 알트먼은 워싱턴에서 강력한 인맥을 구축하여 **AI가 개인정보 보호, 일자리, 국가 안보에 미칠 수 있는 잠재적 영향**에 대해 의원들과 효과적으로 소통하는 능력을 보여줬습니다.
* 🏛 페이스북과 같은 거대 소셜 미디어의 실수를 교훈 삼아 **최근 의회에 출석하는 그의 모습은 과거 기술 리더들에 비해 눈에 띄게 부드러워졌습니다.**
* 📊 데이터에 따르면 OpenAI는 로비 활동에 더욱 적극적으로 나서고 있으며, **알트먼과 그의 팀은 AI 개발에 유리한 조건**을 보장하기 위해 의회와 빠르게 관계를 구축하고 있습니다.
* 🚦 알트만과 OpenAI는 공개적으로 AI 안전 규제를 옹호하는 한편, **자신들의 운영에 제한을 가할 수 있는 중요한 입법 조치에 반대**하며 신뢰성에 대한 의문을 제기해 왔습니다.
* 🌐 알트먼은 미국이 중국과 AI 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 가운데, **AI가 민주적 가치로 개발될 수 있도록 미국의 리더십**이 필요하다고 강조했습니다.
* ⚡ 또한 OpenAI는 기술 발전을 지원하기 위해 **인프라와 에너지에 막대한 투자**를 하고 있으며, 이는 빠르게 진화하는 환경 속에서 그들의 임무가 시급함을 강조합니다.
* 📅 2024년 대선을 앞두고 있는 지금, **알트만과 실리콘밸리가 AI 정책에 미치는 영향력**은 기술의 미래를 결정짓는 가장 중요한 이슈 중 하나가 될 수 있습니다.

샘 알트먼은 워싱턴의 어떤 정치 후보보다 더 효과적으로 AI 정책을 만들고 있습니다.

Come election day, the future of tech. It won't be decided by Trump or Harris. I've worked with the private sector my entire career, even as vice president, working with some of the biggest banks and biggest tech companies. Google's got a lot of power. You would break them up, in other words. I'd do something since. That's about the extent of their tech policies. There's a man behind the curtain. My worst fears are that we cause significant, we, the field, the technology, the industry, cause significant harm to the world. OpenAI and its CEO, Sam Altman. They're doing more behind the scenes than any candidate is saying in public. We talked about the need for the US to have a general policy about AI leadership. At stake, powerful new technology in an increasingly AI-driven world that is impacting privacy, jobs, even national security.

I'm Deirdre Bosa, and this Week in Tech, why the most powerful person in tech policy isn't in Washington, but right here in San Francisco. Washington loves Sam Altman. This has been a tremendous hearing. Senators are noted for their short attention spans, but I've sat through this entire hearing and enjoyed every minute of it. This has been one of the best hearings I've had this Congress. Because over the past few years, Sam Altman has put on a masterclass in wooing lawmakers that are nervous about the impact of AI, especially after struggling to regulate the last big shift in tech social media. If this technology goes wrong, it can go quite wrong, and we want to be vocal about that. We want to work with the government to prevent that from happening. It means that now they've begun embracing AI. I put into my ChatGPT account should Congress

regulate AI ChatGPT. And it gave me four pros, four cons. It was very balanced in a way they never did Mark Zuckerberg in social media. From the viral awkward moments. Mr. Zuckerberg, would you be comfortable sharing with us the name of the hotel you stayed in last night? Um. Uh, no. To the dramatic. We didn't take a broad enough view of our responsibility. And that was a big mistake. And it was my mistake, and I'm sorry. And the hostel. So let me be clear. You do no fact-checking on any ads, is that correct? Altman's appearances have gone a lot more smoothly. Mr. Altman, I think you grew up in Saint Louis. If I'm not mistaken, it's great to see a fellow Missourian. It is. Thank you. I want to I want that noted especially underlined in the

record. Missouri is a great place. And were better received. Our hope is that the rest of the industry will follow the example that you and IBM, Miss Montgomery, have set by coming today and meeting with us, as you have done privately, in helping to guide what we're going to do. Experts say it's because OpenAI and the new crop of AI companies as a whole have learned from social media's missteps. Here's Katie Harbath, a consultant who used to be Facebook's public policy director. When you look at, like OpenAI, I think that they're really learning from what companies that came before them. Again, the Microsofts, the Googles, the Facebook's, what has worked well for them and what hasn't worked well for them. And they're trying to learn those lessons as they try to approach not just members of Congress in Washington, but also in the

States. One of the best examples is just how much faster Sam Altman has begun appearing on The Hill. Compared to past CEOs and companies. This chart from Harbath anchor change spells it out. Facebook was founded in 2004. Zuckerberg didn't testify until 14 years later. It only took OpenAI half that time, and even fewer for new companies like Anthropic and TikTok, a clear sign they've carefully watched and learned from social media's high profile blunders. You have folks like Sam Altman that are trying to get ahead of the inevitable questions that are going to be coming, and so he's been spending a lot of time on the hill, building those relationships with members of Congress, with their staff to try to explain and bring some transparency into how OpenAI is thinking about these things, trying to really shape the conversation very early on. Not everything has changed, though.

OpenAI, like tech companies before it, wants regulation, but they want it their way. In public, touting the need for AI safety nets. I believe that companies like ours can partner with governments, including ensuring that the most powerful AI models adhere to a set of safety requirements, facilitating processes to develop and update safety measures, and examining opportunities for global coordination. While behind the scenes opposing one of the only pieces of legislation to actually gain traction. OpenAI, the latest to oppose a new California bill that would add safety precautions to increasingly powerful models. That's sweeping AI. Bill that would have been one of the first moves towards real oversight of the nation's most dynamic new technology. But it was opposed by some of the biggest players in the industry, including Altman. That and other drama surrounding the influential founder has led some critics to call him

untrustworthy. What do you think of OpenAI? Do you trust Sam Altman? Not a bit. Others say the devil is in the details. It doesn't mean they have to be for all types of regulation because there is bad regulation. There is regulation that will have unintended consequences that people might not realize. Regulation will continue to be debated and negotiated in the months and the years ahead. Meanwhile, OpenAI's messaging is clear in the AI arms race. America needs to lead, and this time, lawmakers are buying in. Initially, AI and ChatGPT kind of came onto the scene. There was a lot of fear and panic, right, about what I might do in the world, the negative impacts that it might have. And you're starting to see that get pulled back some, particularly when you look at some of the legislation in California, for instance, that Newsom ended up vetoing.

Part of that was because of pressure from, you know, federal members of Congress and stuff like that, because they were worried about how it might impact innovation. People are worried about making sure we can stay competitive with China. Facebook and Google taught a new generation of tech companies how important it is to get their spin right before the public narrative has been set. But what could be the biggest lesson taken from social media? Getting the right people on their side. Lobbyists who have decades or more worth of experience building relationships in Washington. OpenAI might be new. The people they're employing to go and be on their government relations teams have been doing this for quite some time and have deep relationships with people in Congress working on tech issues. Sam and OpenAI are in a pretty good spot when it comes to both Congress and the administration. No matter who actually wins. No matter who wins.

That's key because Trump and Harris's tech policies, or lack thereof, mean Sam Altman is in a position to shape them. You've been enormously helpful in focusing us and illuminating some of these questions, and performed a great service by being here. He wields soft power with lawmakers backed up by hard power, leading the most valuable AI startup in the world. It used to be that lobbying was the domain of big tobacco and oil giants, but as tech's influence and reach have grown, so have its lobbying dollars. And now artificial intelligence is supercharging those efforts. In just the first quarter of 2024, the number of groups lobbying on AI issues surpassed the entire number for all of 2023, according to data from Opensecrets, a nonprofit that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying. Among the most active is OpenAI, the startup

spent more than two other California-based AI companies in the latest quarter. Part of that may have to do with who Sam Altman has brought on to shape OpenAI's strategy in Washington. Chris Lehane, vice president of global affairs at OpenAI. Lehane was a political strategist in the Clinton White House before moving west to advise tech companies like Airbnb. His deep Washington connections and experience navigating complex policy environments have enabled him to bridge Silicon Valley interests with government policy. He's now leading OpenAI's efforts. Imagine if you could have been, like in Thomas Edison's lab, right? You got Nikola Tesla there. You got Edison, and you're building or at least seeing electricity being built. And while Sam Altman can work the charm offensive in Congress, Lehane can be more aggressive behind the scenes. Sam might be doing the more softer, like, soft diplomacy.

side and like, look at all the great things that OpenAI is bringing and like trying to be like the good cop. Chris has a reputation of playing the bad cop component of this of like kind of scorching the Earth. Like, we are going to spend a lot of money and we're going to attack you as members of Congress if we think you're going to be anti our positions, we're going to make it basically make your life you know kind of difficult unless you're like are following along with what we want to do. During his more than seven years at Airbnb, Lehane skillfully navigated regulatory challenges and shaped policy discussions. His efforts helped legalize and legitimize Airbnb's operations in key markets, while also providing tax dollars for local governments. Now, at OpenAI, his message to policymakers is bigger, the stakes larger. This is technology where we need to almost think about

it at the scale of a new deal, not the same types of infrastructure, but thinking about infrastructure as destiny, right. What the new deal really did is put the US in the position for the 20th century to become a democracy century. And as we think about AI at this particular moment that we're in, that infrastructure has the ability to help reindustrialize the country. Lehane says that if the US doesn't lead the way in AI, an autocratic nation like China will. You know, we are in this contest between China and the US to build AI. And that's democratic AI versus autocratic AI. And so there clearly are really significant national security implications for this. China's, you know, has talked about the idea that they want to be the dominant player in AI by 2030. Vladimir Putin, who I would typically never, ever

quote, you know, has said that whoever wins AI wins the world. And so the stakes here are enormous. And for the US, which is currently leading, but that lead is not guaranteed. But for the US to continue to lead in AI and therefore help ensure that it's actually built with democratic values, democratic principles, drives democratic benefits. Lehane and OpenAI's message is bipartisan and straightforward, one that any politician interested in national security and who opposes China and Russia can get behind. A policy about China should be in making sure the United States of America wins the competition for the 21st century. What they have given to China is unbelievable, but we're not going to let that. It also works to OpenAI's benefit. The startup needs compute power, which requires vast amounts of infrastructure and energy for the next technological breakthroughs. OpenAI just announced an improved model their AI

model. They say it has better reasoning. Amazon Web Services is announcing that it's investing more than half $1 billion in nuclear energy across three different projects, as it seeks carbon-free power for generative AI. Google, speaking of, is the latest tech giant to go nuclear to meet power needs for data centers and AI. In a race that is moving extremely fast. Artificial intelligence has been an object of fascination for decades in our imaginations. Open the pod bay doors, Hal. I'm sorry, Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that. It's no longer imaginary. And at these early stages, it's the people building the technology who have the power. Just like in the early stages of social media, lawmakers, they don't yet have a handle on AI. The stakes, meanwhile, are only growing as AI's impact touches more and more of our everyday lives.

chatbots in our browsers, robotaxis in the streets, misinformation in our news feeds, disrupting Hollywood, reshaping entire industries like energy and health care. These technologies, they're finally here, but they're still in the cradle. And we may look back on AI as one of the most important issues of 2024. For now, the power behind AI policy isn't on the campaign trail. It's in the hands of Sam Altman and Silicon Valley.

Why OpenAI CEO Sam Altman Is In Position To Shape AI Policy, No Matter Who Wins The Election

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기술 정책의 힘: 샘 알트먼의 영향력

OpenAI의 CEO인 샘 알트먼은 의원들의 우려를 해소하기 위해 막후에서 활동하면서 특히 AI 분야의 기술 정책을 형성하는 데 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다.

의회와의 소통에 대한 그의 접근 방식은 이전의 기술 리더들보다 더 성공적이었으며, AI 규제에 대한 보다 균형 잡힌 논의로 이어졌습니다.

AI가 프라이버시, 일자리, 국가 안보에 미치는 영향 때문에 샌프란시스코에서 알트만의 영향력은 워싱턴의 정치 지도자들보다 더 큼니다.

AI 규제에 대한 OpenAI의 전략적 접근 방식

OpenAI와 다른 AI 회사들은 소셜 미디어 대기업의 실수로부터 교훈을 얻어 규제 압력에 더 빠르게 대응하고 있습니다.

샘 알트먼은 의회와의 관계 구축에 적극적으로 나서며 AI 규제에 관한 논의를 주도해 왔습니다.

공개적으로 안전 조치를 옹호하고 있음에도 불구하고 OpenAI는 강력한 AI 모델을 규제하기 위한 주요 법안에 반대하여 일각의 비판을 받기도 했습니다.

특히 샘 알트먼을 비롯한 OpenAI의 리더십은 불신에 직면해 있지만, AI 군비 경쟁에서 이 회사의 메시지는 의원들의 관심을 끌고 있습니다.

AI 규제를 둘러싼 논쟁은 혁신과 중국과의 경쟁에 미칠 영향에 대한 우려와 함께 계속되고 있습니다.

AI 문제를 옹호하는 단체가 늘어나면서 워싱턴에서 OpenAI의 로비 활동이 강화되고 있으며, 이를 통해 기술 정책을 효과적으로 형성할 수 있는 입지를 다지고 있습니다.

워싱턴에서 OpenAI의 전략적 추진

OpenAI는 샘 알트먼의 리더십과 크리스 레인의 정치 전략에 힘입어 캘리포니아에 기반을 둔 다른 AI 회사보다 더 많은 비용을 지출하고 있습니다.

레인의 공격적인 접근 방식과 워싱턴과의 깊은 인맥은 실리콘밸리의 이익과 정부 정책을 연결하는 동시에 의회에 압력을 가하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

그는 중국의 지배력에 대응하기 위해 미국이 AI를 선도하는 것이 중요하다고 강조하며 글로벌 AI 경쟁이 국가 안보에 미치는 영향을 강조합니다.

현재 미국이 AI 분야에서 선두를 달리고 있지만, 그 선두가 보장되는 것은 아니기 때문에 중국 및 러시아와의 경쟁이 매우 중요합니다.

OpenAI는 컴퓨팅 파워와 인프라에 대한 필요성으로 기술 혁신을 주도하고 있으며, Amazon과 Google 같은 거대 기술 기업들은 AI의 전력 수요를 충족하기 위해 원자력 에너지에 투자하고 있습니다.

AI의 영향력은 일상 생활의 다양한 측면에 영향을 미치며 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 현재 AI 정책을 형성하는 권한은 샘 알트만과 같은 기술 리더들의 손에 달려 있습니다.