뉴질랜드 페미니스트 국가와 뉴질랜드의 독특한 도전 과제

뉴질랜드는 1893년 여성에게 투표권을 부여한 여성 인권의 선구자입니다.

### 뉴질랜드: 뉴질랜드: 독특한 도전과 풍부한 역사를 가진 페미니스트 국가
* 🇳🇿 뉴질랜드는 현재 **한국에서도 페미니즘 국가**로 인식되어 화제가 되고 있으며, 이번 분석은 앞서 호주에 대한 논의에 이은 것입니다.
* 🌏 한국과 일본은 아시아에 속해 있지만 뉴질랜드는 오세아니아에 위치해 있으며 놀랍게도 **인도네시아나 필리핀보다 훨씬 적은 약 3,348개의 섬**을 보유하고 있습니다.
* 📏 뉴질랜드의 국토 면적은 **약 26만 8천 제곱킬로미터**로, **약 22만 제곱킬로미터에 달하는 한반도보다 넓습니다.**
* 👩 2020년 뉴질랜드의 1인당 GDP는 약 **41,791달러**에 달하지만, 낙농업과 농업이 중요한 수입원으로서 뉴질랜드의 1차 산업이 전체 GDP에서 차지하는 비중은 **7%에 불과**합니다.
* 🌋 뉴질랜드는 지진과 화산 활동이 잦은 독특한 지형으로 인해 **서울보다 큰 칼데라 타우포 호수**와 같은 이국적인 풍경이 펼쳐집니다.
* 👥 뉴질랜드의 원주민인 마오리족은 **1300년대경에 도착**해 호주의 원주민과는 확연히 다른 독특한 유산을 가지고 있습니다.
* 🗳 뉴질랜드는 **1893년 여성에게 최초로 투표권**을 부여한 국가로, 진보적인 페미니즘의 역사로 유명하며 진보적인 정치적 입장을 강조하고 있습니다.
* ⚖ 그러나 **성별 임금 격차, 사회적 기대치 등의 문제**는 여전히 남아 있어 페미니즘 국가에서도 진정한 평등을 달성하기 위한 도전이 지속되고 있음을 보여줍니다.

But right now, there is a topic that is only being discussed in Korea regarding New Zealand. New Zealand is a feminist country. Last time, we discussed the history of Australia, which has a long history. This time, we are doing Part 2, focusing on New Zealand. 

First of all, there was something I didn't properly address last time: Korea and Japan belong to the continent of Asia, while Oceania is a region of island nations. You might think that New Zealand has an enormous number of islands, but surprisingly, it has very few. New Zealand, a country without many islands, has far fewer than Indonesia, which has about 17,508 islands. The Philippines has around 7,641 islands, and Japan has about 6,850 islands. Currently, New Zealand has around 3,348 islands. If we include reefs and uninhabited islands, the number exceeds 3,000. However,

Sweden has only about 700 islands. Which place in the world has the most? It seems to be Sweden. There are some islands located between Finland and Norway, but they don't seem to have that many islands. The southwestern part of Finland and the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, are there. Let's expand our view. Oh, Barbara Island is really beautiful. This island is amazing! If you look at the first and second parts, they are all islands. Sweden has 221,800 islands, including reefs. The next country with the most islands is Finland. But what does Finland have that stands out? Let's zoom in a bit. All these islands are really fascinating. Interestingly, among all the countries in the world, it ranks as the top island nation by area.

New Zealand ranks as the sixth-largest island country in the world. The largest is India, followed by Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Japan, and the Philippines. After New Zealand, the next largest island country is the United Kingdom. Following the UK, the three largest countries are Cuba, which is larger than Ireland, and then Iceland, followed by Ireland. Honestly, New Zealand has a significant land area compared to other island nations. If we compare only island countries, New Zealand has two main islands: the North Island and the South Island. The total area of New Zealand is approximately 268,000 square kilometers, while the Korean Peninsula is about 220,000 square kilometers, making New Zealand 47,000 square kilometers larger than the Korean Peninsula.

Currently, if we combine Geoje and New Zealand, the total area comes to about 50,000 square kilometers. This means that in terms of land area, it is slightly larger than the Korean Peninsula. However, if we only consider the area of the island of Nam, it is only about 100,000 square kilometers. When we look at just Nam, New Zealand is quite a large country with an area of 2.6 times that. But if we consider the population, Nam has about 5.1 million people. According to 2021 data, New Zealand's population is 5.13 million. This means the population is only one-tenth that of Nam. 

However, 30% of the population lives in Auckland, which is located at the northern tip of the North Island. You can see Auckland at the very top of the North Island. In 2011, the population of Auckland was 1.46 million, which is a part of the total population of 5.13 million. In comparison, the Seoul metropolitan area has around 26 million people, which is about 50%. New Zealand, on the other hand, does not have a metropolitan area like that.

If we consider this as the metropolitan area, it wouldn't be strange at all. As of 2020, New Zealand's GDP per capita was around $41,791, which is significantly higher than South Korea's by about $10,000. However, what's really fascinating is that this is how they make money. Industries related to dairy cows and agricultural products are generating a substantial amount of revenue. I did some research through KOTRA and when I checked the New Zealand government’s official website, I found that the primary industry accounts for only 7% of the total GDP. The primary sector includes agriculture, fisheries, and livestock, and it only makes up 7% of the overall GDP. However, the distribution, processing, and selling of these products are considered part of the tertiary sector. Now, the 7% contribution from the primary sector is not low; it seems that South Korea's primary sector would be around that level too, based on 2011 figures.

It is 2%, which is more than three times that of Korea. Of course, the total number of heads in our country is also high, since we have ten times more. The problem is that New Zealand has a GDP per capita that is $20,000 higher than Korea's. A higher GDP per capita means that the percentage of people engaged in jobs is 7%, and the amount of money they earn is significantly different. When you think of New Zealand, what comes to mind? You might think of clean areas, beautiful landscapes, and images of nature. It's a place where they filmed The Lord of the Rings. It truly is a wonderful place to live, with a strong connection to nature and a welfare state, among other things. However, the issue is that natural disasters occur quite frequently. Right now, there are earthquakes happening; they are just happening frequently.

It is largely divided into the northern and southern regions, and there is a place called Lake Taupo in the north. If you look here, you can see it. Let me zoom in for you. Can you see it now? This is the lake. As I mentioned earlier, it is larger than the area of Seoul. But here, in the caldera, when a volcano erupts, it creates a depression, and water collects in it. This is why the water depth is incredibly deep. This is what we call a caldera. Lake Taupo is also a caldera. Now, Baekdu Mountain is also a caldera. The depth of Baekdu Mountain's crater lake is significant. So, what about Baengnokdam? This is Baengnokdam on Hallasan. Baengnokdam is a crater. A crater forms when a volcano erupts, but it doesn't collapse completely. This is the phenomenon we observe when a volcano erupts.

The ground sinks, so we just do it where it is visible here. But you know that Baekdu Mountain's energy is called a caldera, right? After it erupted, the ground sank deeply, and water formed on top of that. The water here is quite deep. The average depth of Baekdu Mountain's Heaven Lake is a staggering 214 meters, which is extremely deep. There aren't many lakes that are that deep. But as I mentioned earlier, Baekdu Mountain's Heaven Lake is less than 10 square kilometers in size. The area is currently 616 square kilometers. Seoul's area is about 605 square kilometers, so it means this lake is larger than Seoul. Just think about how large a volcano it must have been. You need to pay close attention here; this is not just a volcano. This is where the eruption took place. The entire area has erupted and formed the lake. It is not considered an active volcano now.

Currently, the volcano is not active, but there is always a possibility that it could become active someday. As a result, the landscape is very unique. New Zealand experiences frequent earthquakes and has a lot of volcanic activity, which contributes to an environment that is not only exotic but also gives the impression of being on another planet. So, when you visit, you can truly experience something extraordinary. 

What is really fascinating about New Zealand is its indigenous people, the Māori. You may know that today they have a mixed heritage, appearing very European, but in the past, their image was quite different. I mentioned before that the Aboriginal people of Australia are often referred to as average in their physical characteristics, and the Māori have a completely different appearance. The ancestry of the Aboriginal Australians is more closely linked to regions like India or Malaysia.

It is highly likely that they crossed from that side, and it is also probable that the Māori people of New Zealand arrived through the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, passing through Melanesia and Polynesia. Therefore, there is no complete connection to Australian Aboriginals. Interestingly, the time when these Māori people arrived in New Zealand is noted. These individuals arrived quite late; when could that be? It is recorded to be around the 1300s. When Lee Seong-gye was born, there were no humans in New Zealand. It is believed that prior to the 1300s, no humans had set foot on New Zealand. This is a consensus in academia. It is indeed fascinating. Also, there are bats in New Zealand, right? They belong to the category of mammals, but there are several of them.

You know, kangaroos and koalas, things like that, right? But in New Zealand, if you take out the introduced species, there are almost no mammals. There are hardly any, and there are also very few reptiles. So, the absence of mammals and reptiles that lived here is filled by birds. Originally, there weren't many top predator mammals either, so they weren't needed. That's why it says can't fly in reference to certain species. And the kiwi can't fly either; it's a ground bird. Also, in New Zealand, there's a bird called the kaka parrot. You see, it can't fly either. It's like a pigeon. In New Zealand's natural ecosystem, there are almost no top land predators, only a few insects. You have to go to the coast to find things like sea lions, which are the actual predators. So, when it comes to the land, birds are the ones that would eat the other animals.

They are presumed to have evolved without wings, which is quite fascinating. Last time, in the Australia episode, we talked about the bronze, right? So, David was announcing the release of the three-star general. What did we say about the Australian governor? That he was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II of England. However, in reality, there are many politicians who are quite popular and well-supported among the Australian people. I mentioned that Australia decided to tell the Queen of England to hurry up and do something. There is also a governor in New Zealand, Cindy Kiro, who originally worked as a professor related to public health. Just like in Australia, New Zealand also has its own political structure.

Cindy has made her decision. The four of us are quickly encouraging her, and it feels like we're moving in that direction. However, there's something that's currently trending in Korea regarding New Zealand. The discussion about New Zealand being a feminist country has become quite prominent in the community. People are holed up at home, getting up, smoking, drinking, and going out to work, and during this time, they're saying, Please, for the sake of South Korea's GDP, don't just waste your time. 

Now, there's a difficult topic that's been circulating on the internet. Before discussing this, I want to clarify something. The term feminism in our country is perceived differently than in other countries. While there may be similar sentiments elsewhere, in South Korea, especially in the past 12 years, it has become a term that many associate with negativity. However, in reality, globally, South Korea also...

I especially think that there has been a significant increase in various interpretations of feminism, particularly around the time of Baeminhee. If we look at examples today, take for instance a friend from a democratic country. However, the concept of democracy varies in form and type from one country to another. Similarly, feminism is not the same everywhere; there are cultural differences and varying demands that need to be addressed. In Southeast Asia, for example, there are countries where women work outside the home significantly. In some societies, men are expected to work more, while women handle household responsibilities. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, it has traditionally had a patriarchal structure, and feminism has emerged in this context, which could be one way to understand the current situation.

Currently, feminism in this country reacts very differently depending on the environment and the case. It is important to keep this in mind when discussing feminism. Before talking about feminism in New Zealand, we need to consider New Zealand's unique culture and context. What is the perception of New Zealand? It is a politically advanced country, free of corruption, a democratic nation, a place where people can live well, and a clean area. Every year, the international transparency organization publishes a corruption perception index, where Denmark, New Zealand, and Finland always compete for the top position, often sharing first place. In the democracy index from 2011, New Zealand ranked high as well. Currently, the average voter turnout in New Zealand is around 80%.

So, let's talk about this: when did feminism in New Zealand actually emerge? Before discussing feminism in New Zealand specifically, there's something we must recognize about feminism globally. In the early days, the feminist movement was primarily focused on the women's suffrage movement. What is suffrage? It's the right to participate in politics, specifically the right to vote. Most of the women's suffrage movements were about this. 

I’m going to share something a bit shocking today: New Zealand is said to be the birthplace of the world's first women's suffrage movement. Remarkably, this movement, which sought to grant women the right to vote, began as early as the 1860s. And New Zealand was the first country to grant women the right to vote in 1893. If New Zealand was the first in the world, then other...

When was it said that women could vote in the United States? It was in 1920. When do you think it was in France? It was in 1946. The law in France explicitly states that women can participate in voting, and this was established in 1946. Even in countries that are considered examples of democracy, such as France, we must acknowledge that during World War I and World War II, the nation was occupied by Nazi Germany, and there are many aspects we need to confirm. However, the idea that women voting was taken for granted was not the case. In our country, the term feminism is often viewed negatively, similar to perspectives in North America. In the past, the women's suffrage movement was crucial, and the feminist movement was something that was very much needed during that time.

I will definitely return to New Zealand. New Zealand has a rich history of women's suffrage movements since the 1960s, but that doesn't mean that everything was solely about women being inadequate or that only men were in power. It was not a place where only men had authority and influence. In fact, it is quite different from our country. Do you know when abortion was legalized in New Zealand? Feminism is much more advanced there compared to our country. While there are still discussions about cohabitation here, in New Zealand, abortion has been legal since 2020. Women's organizations in New Zealand have been demanding the legalization of abortion since the 1960s, but it took over 80 years until it finally happened in the 2020s. Women's and feminist organizations have been advocating for various rights and changes.

It's not a country that just listens to every demand and runs around fulfilling them. In New Zealand, the gender ratio is unbalanced, and although it's small, there are many families where women are more active. It's strange that the world of these families is so unusual. I checked, and in the mid-2000s, there were actually more women speaking than men because more women were immigrating. And how many of our goose fathers go to New Zealand? For example, when the children are young, fathers often stay in Korea to earn money, working at their previous jobs, while sending only their children to New Zealand. This situation leads to such statistics; there are simply so many immigrants. However, looking at the statistics from 2014 to 2018, when we examined the inflow and outflow of immigrants, the number of men coming in increased slightly.

There are many factors contributing to the increasingly unbalanced gender ratio. As of 2022, the CIA publishes The World Factbook annually, which provides detailed statistics and explanations about various countries. When we interpret these data, we see that the higher the number of births, the more significant the imbalance becomes. Currently, the birth ratio is approximately 1.5 males for every female. For the age group of 0 to 14 years, there are 1.00 males for every female. In the 25 to 54 age group, the ratio decreases slightly to 1.03 males for every female, while in the 65 and older age group, the ratio drops to 0.76 males for every female. This indicates that women generally live longer than men. In many communities, there are significantly more women than men. The discussion about gender ratio imbalance itself is also a problem.

If we assume that New Zealand has a gender imbalance, is there anything particularly unique about its feminism issues? The answer is no. Currently, in New Zealand, men earn more than women on average. Do you know why? It's because men often take on more physically demanding and dangerous jobs. Therefore, the average earnings of men are higher globally, which is a reality. However, not many people in New Zealand complain about this. They would probably find it absurd. People might say, Hey, in your feminist country, what do women face in the workplace? They would scrutinize everything, from the smallest detail to the biggest issue, and those who argue against it would likely find it ridiculous.

It's really frustrating. What does that even mean? In our country, it's like that. In our country, there are a few countries where men feel that they have to cater to women, according to statistics from one to ten. That's a problem. From one to ten, all the feminists can do is complain, which is also a problem. Both sides have issues. 

Honestly, I want to speak sincerely. I really want to put my hand on my heart and say this. It's really difficult. I want to meet a beautiful woman or a handsome man after getting married at 19, but I have so many desires. I want to meet a prince or a princess, but it's frustrating because I feel inferior. It's disgusting to be trapped in fantasies. I want to be honest; I don't want to see others doing well. It brings up feelings of inferiority and self-esteem issues.

Because of things like that, there are many people who drop out, even if they are members of the party. There are also many men who drop out aside from the ruling and opposition parties. Well, I won't say it's not true. There are indeed many people who leave for these reasons. Why? In reality, among those who are out, there are good-natured individuals. I don't know if it's because of their character or what, but they live their lives like that. Whether they meet a certain woman or whatever happens, they just sit around talking about it. If they get married well, that’s all that matters to them. Isn’t that their mindset? They think that there’s an imbalance in the system, that there are more women than men. In other words, even if they try to play the game, what are they really doing? They should be smarter about it.

I'm sorry. And if you have any complaints, let's forget them. Well, globally, welfare states... If you found this video unsatisfactory, please like it. If you thought it was boring, I might just use that feedback.

뉴질랜드는 페미국가다?

안녕하세요. 본업은 작가입니다. 부업은 메기에요.
만약 제 영상이 맘에 안드셨다면 아무것도 하지마세요

간다효 시작일 : 2020.10.26~

우리 간청단들에게 의미있고 재미있는 내용을 설명할 수 있는 광고라면
그리고 제품에 문제가 없다면  광고는 환영입니다.
◆ 간다효 문의 : gandahyo@gmail.com



간다효

뉴질랜드의 독특한 섬 풍경과 인구수

뉴질랜드의 섬 수는 약 3,348개로 인도네시아나 필리핀과 같은 국가보다 훨씬 적습니다.

세계에서 여섯 번째로 큰 섬나라로, 총 면적은 약 268,000제곱킬로미터로 한반도보다 넓습니다.

인구는 약 513만 명으로 이중 30%가 오클랜드에 거주하고 있으며, 수도권에 비해 인구가 훨씬 적습니다.

뉴질랜드의 독특한 경제 및 지리적 특징

뉴질랜드는 1차 산업이 전체 GDP의 7%에 불과하지만 낙농과 농업 관련 산업에 힘입어 1인당 GDP가 한국보다 훨씬 높습니다.

또한 깊은 수심을 자랑하는 칼데라 타우포 호수와 백두산 천지와 같은 독특한 자연 지형도 이 나라의 부와 관련이 있습니다.

뉴질랜드에서는 지진과 화산 활동을 포함한 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생하며, 뉴질랜드의 독특한 지질 구조는 뉴질랜드의 지형에 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다.

뉴질랜드의 독특한 풍경과 역사

뉴질랜드의 지형은 비활성 화산과 잦은 지진으로 인해 형성되어 이국적인 환경을 만들어 냅니다.

원주민 마오리족은 필리핀과 파푸아뉴기니 등의 지역과 연결된 조상으로 1300년대경 뉴질랜드에 도착한 독특한 유산을 가지고 있습니다.

뉴질랜드의 독특한 생태계는 포유류와 파충류가 부족하고 키위와 카카 앵무새와 같은 조류가 육상 최상위 포식자의 생태적 틈새를 채우고 있는 것이 특징입니다.

뉴질랜드가 페미니즘에 미치는 영향

신디의 결정은 뉴질랜드가 페미니즘 국가라는 한국 내 논의에 영향을 받았습니다.

페미니즘에 대한 인식은 전 세계적으로 다양한데, 한국은 페미니즘을 부정적으로 인식하는 반면 뉴질랜드는 정치적 발전과 높은 투표율로 인정받고 있습니다.

뉴질랜드는 1893년 여성에게 투표권을 부여한 세계 최초의 여성 참정권 운동의 발상지로 인정받고 있습니다.

여성은 1920년 미국에서, 1946년 프랑스에서 투표권을 얻었습니다.

뉴질랜드는 1960년대부터 여성 참정권 운동의 역사가 깊고 2020년에는 낙태를 합법화했습니다.

뉴질랜드의 성비는 특정 연령대에서 남성보다 여성이 더 많아 불균형하며, 이러한 불균형에 대한 논의도 중요한 문제입니다.

뉴질랜드의 성별 불균형과 페미니즘 문제

뉴질랜드는 육체적으로 힘든 직업을 가진 남성이 평균적으로 여성보다 더 많은 수입을 올리는 성비 불균형이 존재합니다.

뉴질랜드의 페미니즘 이슈는 종종 면밀히 조사되며, 남성과 여성 모두 도전과 좌절에 직면해 있습니다.

일부 남성은 여성을 배려해야 한다고 느끼며 열등감과 자존감 문제로 이어지는 시스템 불균형에 대한 인식이 존재합니다.