EU 마이그레이션 협정: 도전 과제와 회원국 불만

### EU 마이그레이션 협정: 앞으로의 과제와 논란
* 🌍 이민에 회의적인 정당이 득세하고 **5월 선거에서 유럽인의 4분의 1 이상이 우려**를 표명하는 등 이민은 EU에서 여전히 논쟁의 여지가 있는 이슈입니다.
* 📈 2023년에 망명 신청 건수가 **120만 건에 육박**하며 **2015년 이주 위기 이후 최고치**를 기록했고, EU 국가들은 **2026년 6월부터 새로운 이주 및 망명 조약**을 제안했습니다.
* 🛑 광범위한 협상에도 불구하고 회원국들 사이에서 불만이 지속되고 있으며, 일부 지도자들은 협정이 시행되기도 전에 **"죽었다"고 선언**하기도 했습니다.
* 💰 이 협정은 인프라 및 인력 충원을 위해 **회원국의 상당한 재정적 약속**을 요구하며, 국경 국가는 **EU가 제공할 수 있는 것보다 더 많은 자금**이 필요할 수 있다는 우려도 있습니다.
* 🤝 이주민 수용의 책임을 분산하기 위해 고안된 이 연대 메커니즘은 많은 주에서 **망명 신청자를 받아들이기보다 수수료를 지불하는 것**을 선호하기 때문에 부적절하다는 비판에 직면해 있습니다.
* 🇳🇱 네덜란드의 극우 정부는 협정 탈퇴를 모색하고 있어 유로화에 회의적인 정부들 사이에서 광범위한 저항이 나타나고 있으며, **폴란드 총리는 해당 조항을 준수할 의사가 없음을 밝혔습니다.**
* 📊 이 협정은 **망명 처리 속도를 높이고 더 공정한 쿼터 시스템**을 구축하는 것을 목표로 하지만, **비유럽연합 국가와의 협력과 귀환 문제**가 여전히 큰 걸림돌로 남아 있습니다.
* 🔄 EU가 이러한 복잡성과 씨름하면서 **국민투표의 가능성과 긴장 고조**는 조약의 미래를 복잡하게 만들 수 있으며, 이민 정책에 대한 일관된 접근 방식의 필요성을 강조합니다.

EU 이민 조약은 회원국들이 조약의 조건과 재정적 의무에 저항하는 등 상당한 도전에 직면해 있습니다.

this video was brought to you by brilliant. Migration is clearly a hot topic in the EU at the moment. Migration skeptic parties are on the rise across the continent, and more than a quarter of Europeans who participated in this May's election were driven by their concerns about migration. This is in large part because the number of migrants, especially irregular migrants, has risen steeply in recent years. In 2023, for instance, the number of asylum applications reached nearly 1.2 million, the highest since the peak of the 2015 EU migration crisis. In response to these challenges, EU states vowed this May to adopt a new migration and asylum pact, which is set to take effect in June of 2026. Yet, despite years of negotiations aimed at reaching a consensus on the pact, some member states remain apparently dissatisfied with the final outcome. And just last week, the group leader of the new Patriots group of the European Parliament declared the EU migration pact dead nearly two years before it's even been put into effect. So in

this video. We're going to take another look at what exactly is in this pack, some of its perceived shortcomings, and whether it is indeed already [Music] dead. Before we start, if you're interested in global alliances and groupings like Schengen, then you might like our brand new poster Every Alliance Explains, which shows in slightly confusing detail how every country interacts with each other. It's available by clicking the link in the description, and for a limited time, you can get 20% off with code SHENAN. So let's start by explaining what's actually in The Pact. The new pact aims to thoroughly reform Europe's migration policy and is in part a reaction to the 2015 migration crisis, which put a massive strain on the EU's migration policy. The massive influx of asylum seekers, more than two million in 2015 and 2016 alone, destabilized cooperation between member states and showed that the EU lacked the framework to deal with significant increases in asylum applications, like the spike that we're currently seeing. Broadly speaking

the pack aims to do three things. First, the pack aims to speed up and strengthen asylum claims processing at the EU's borders. Under the new rules, anyone arriving at the EU's external borders or having been rescued at sea will have to go through a mandatory screening. If they're likely to be granted asylum, like they've come from a war-torn country, they'll enter a standard asylum process. On the other hand, if they're considered security risks or from places with low asylum approval rates, they'll go through a border procedure which aims to be wrapped up within less than 12 weeks. While their cases are being processed, they won't be recognized as having entered the EU, and the obligations will be handled near the border, sometimes even in detention. Second, it seeks to establish a fairer quota system for member states. Currently, the Dublin regulation, which has been the source of much of the EU's migration-related tension, delegates the examination of asylum applications to the first EU country where migrants arrive. In practice, this means that much of the

EU's migration pressures are concentrated on the so-called frontier countries like Greece, Italy, and Malta, who have long felt that this is unfair. To remedy this, the pact outlines a solidarity mechanism between member states, meaning that member states will be obliged to take in migrants from the frontier countries to central European states like the Netherlands. However, if central European states choose not to accept additional migrants, they have the option to essentially buy their way out of the responsibility by paying around €2,000 for each migrant to the host countries. This could prove significant because the EU apparently aims to have 30,000 relocations between member states every year. Third and finally, the pact also aims to improve the return rate of those asylum seekers whose claims are rejected. For context, the current return rate is only about 25%, which means only about one in every four asylum seekers who are ordered to leave actually does. Under the new rules, member states will be allowed to designate certain regions in other countries as safe, which could make it

easier for them to reject asylum requests and increase deportation rates now. While this new system is almost definitely an improvement, certain member states don't like certain parts of it. As we see it, there are three common objections. Firstly, even if the EU manages to set up a system to process asylum applications more quickly, it will still continue to struggle with returns. After all, it takes two to tango, as it's not possible to return an asylum seeker to a given country without the cooperation of that country. But most African and Middle Eastern countries have little incentive to take back irregular migrants deported from the EU, and most lack the administrative capacity to handle it anyway. This is why certain member states are instead trying to offshore processing to non-EU countries. Italy's right-wing government has already set up such a return hub in Albania, and the German opposition, which looks overwhelmingly likely to win the next federal election, has expressed an interest in a Rwanda-style deal. Secondly, what we should note is that EU leaders have

set aside 2 billion for the pack. It may just prove to be too expensive. Basically, each country needs to come up with hefty proposals to show how they intend to implement the new rules, such as building infrastructure and hiring new border staff. But some member states, frontier states in particular, might need more money than Brussels can provide. But the third issue, and the one that looks most likely to actually scupper the deal, is that many member states aren't entirely comfortable with the solidarity mechanism. There's been some complaint from frontier countries that the solidarity mechanism is too weak. In other words, it seems likely that most other countries will just pay the €20,000 rather than take in asylum seekers. But conversely, some more euroskeptic governments resent the idea of paying Brussels to accept asylum seekers. For instance, this September, the Netherlands' far-right government said that it would seek an opt-out from the pact's rules, which they see as inconsistent with their plans to establish what they describe as the quote strictest asylum

regime in Europe then just hours after the Netherlands made this claim. Hungary, which has a long-standing dispute with the EU over asylum policy, piggybacked on the Netherlands bid, announcing that it intends to apply for an exemption as well. Similarly, in Poland, Prime Minister Donald Tusk said that his government has no intention of respecting the provisions of the pact and said that no one can force him to implement it. This came just a week after he temporarily suspended asylum rights on Poland's border with Belarus after receiving an influx of migrants from Russia and Belarus. Meanwhile, the Polish opposition has called for a nationwide referendum on the EU migration pact and said that it will start collecting the 500,000 signatures needed to force a vote. While Tusk hasn't formally asked to be temporarily suspended from the pact like Hungary and the Netherlands, this domestic turmoil could force him to do so too. Now, this doesn't mean that the pact is dead on arrival, not least because there's basically zero chance of

the EU granting any exemptions. However, it looks increasingly likely that at least some governments will refuse to pay the €2,000 required by the solidarity mechanism, reigniting tensions between Brussels and more unruly member states. On top of that, if Poland actually does hold a referendum on the policy and a majority vote against it, then the politics of the new PA will become significantly more difficult, as tends to be the case when direct democracy is introduced into EU policy. Now, what's something that the TDR audience have in common? Well, they're willing to learn something new every day, and one of the videos is a pretty good start. A lot of the stuff we talk about can seem pretty complicated, especially when we dive into analytics and detailed data. Luckily, there's a fun and easy way to learn more, which doesn't cost thousands of dollars or take years of schooling. That's because Brilliant is the best way to learn by doing, with thousands of interactive lessons in maths, data analysis, programming, and AI. Each lesson is filled with hands-on

problem-solving broken down into accessible chunks designed around your busy schedule. That means that by spending just a few minutes a day, you can accumulate new knowledge over time in an actually fun way, and you'll feel the satisfaction that comes with bettering yourself and staying ahead. For instance, perhaps you promise yourself that this year you'll learn more programming skills, but you've just not had enough time, and the year's now coming to an end. Brilliant's growing number of programming courses are a great way to build the foundations and learn real-world applications, with courses on Python, essential coding elements like loops and variables, and even developing your mind to think like a programmer. To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/todr or scan the QR code on screen, or you can just click the link in the description. That way, you'll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription. Thanks for your support, and thanks for watching.

Netherlands and Hungary Ditch the EU's Migration Pact: What Next?

TLDR News EU

EU의 마이그레이션 과제와 새로운 협정

최근 선거에서 유럽인의 4분의 1 이상이 이민에 대한 우려를 표명하는 등 EU에서 이민 회의론이 확산되고 있습니다.

망명 신청이 2023년에 120만 건에 육박할 정도로 급증하면서 EU 회원국들은 2026년 6월부터 새로운 이주 및 망명 협정을 제안했습니다.

그러나 회원국 간의 불만, 자금 조달 문제, 연대 메커니즘에 대한 이견으로 인해 협정 이행에 차질이 빚어질 수 있습니다.

유럽의 새로운 이민 조약: 포괄적인 개혁

새로운 이민 조약은 유럽연합의 틀을 긴장시킨 2015년 위기에 대응하여 유럽의 이민 정책을 개혁하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이 협정에는 2,000유로의 연대 메커니즘이 포함되어 있지만 일부 회원국이 지불을 거부할 수 있어 브뤼셀과 긴장이 조성될 수 있습니다.

또한 폴란드에서 국민투표가 실시될 가능성이 있어 새 정책의 시행이 복잡해질 수 있습니다.

EU의 새로운 망명 제도와 회원국의 이의 제기

EU의 새로운 망명 제도는 망명 신청을 더 빨리 처리하고 추방률을 높이는 것을 목표로 하지만 일부 회원국에서는 이의를 제기하고 있습니다.

한 가지 큰 문제는 많은 아프리카 및 중동 국가들이 망명 신청자를 본국으로 돌려보낼 인센티브와 능력이 부족하기 때문에 망명 신청자를 본국으로 돌려보내는 것이 어렵다는 점입니다.

이에 따라 이탈리아는 알바니아에 송환 허브를 설립하고 독일은 르완다식 거래에 관심을 표명하는 등 일부 회원국은 비유럽연합 국가로 송환을 역외 처리하려고 시도하고 있습니다.

EU 이민 협정이 저항에 직면하다

네덜란드의 EU 이민 협정 면제 주장에 헝가리와 폴란드가 빠르게 지지하면서 도날드 투스크 폴란드 총리가 국내 혼란을 겪을 가능성이 커졌습니다.

이 협정은 EU 국경에서 망명 신청 처리 속도를 높이고 회원국에게 더 공정한 쿼터 시스템을 구축하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

반대에도 불구하고 이 협정은 이주민에 대한 의무적인 심사 및 국경 절차를 통해 시행되고 있습니다.

EU의 마이그레이션 조약과 브릴리언트의 프로그래밍 과정

브릴리언트는 바쁜 개인이 시간을 내어 기술과 지식을 쌓을 수 있도록 짧고 재미있는 프로그래밍 강좌를 제공합니다.

EU의 이민 협정은 회원국에게 이민자 수용을 의무화하고 책임을 회피할 수 있는 재정적 옵션을 제공함으로써 국경 국가에 대한 불공정한 압력을 해결하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이 협정은 또한 다른 국가에 안전한 지역을 지정하여 거부된 망명 신청자의 귀환율을 개선하고자 합니다.