중국의 부상에 따른 미 해군의 조선 딜레마

### 해군 패권을 위한 경쟁: 미국과 한국의 전략적 조선 협력: 미국과 한국의 전략적 조선 협력
* 🚢 한국의 차세대 군함인 정조대왕함은 **미국의 동급 군함의 가격이 10억 달러에 육박하는 데 비해 6억 달러**에 불과한 첨단 군사 기술의 집약체입니다.
* ⚓ 미국 조선 산업은 1970년대 이후 급격히 쇠퇴하여 현재 **4개의 조선소만 남아있는 반면**, 중국의 해군은 급속히 확장되어 **2030년까지 435척의 군함**을 보유할 것으로 예상됩니다.
* 🔍 1965년 연방법에 따라 미 해군은 해외에서 함정을 구매하지 못하도록 규정되어 있는데, 이는 의도치 않게 **중국이 해군력을 강화**하고 **미국의 지배력에 도전**하는 것을 허용하는 결과를 낳았습니다.
* 🇰🇷 세계 최대 조선소인 한국의 현대중공업은 군함 건조에 있어 효율성과 전문성을 인정받아 **미국의 28개월에 비해 18개월 만에 선박을 생산**하고 있습니다.
* 🛠 미 해군 당국자들은 한국의 성공적인 함정 건조 사례를 모방하기 위해 노력하고 있으며, **작전 효율성을 높이기 위해 한국에서 미 해군 함정 수리를 위한 협정**을 시작했습니다.
* 📈 카를로스 델 토로 미 해군 장관은 특히 대만을 둘러싼 긴장이 고조되는 가운데 **경쟁력을 유지하고 해군 역량을 유지하기 위해 미국 조선소를 활성화**해야 한다고 강조합니다.
* ⏳ 미국이 함대 규모와 준비 태세에서 어려움을 겪고 있는 가운데, 전문가들은 **기술적인 우위는 존재하지만 잠재적 분쟁에서는 수적 우위가 중요**하므로 즉각적인 조치가 필수적이라고 경고합니다.
* 🌏 궁극적으로 미국은 진화하는 글로벌 해군력 환경에서 뒤처지지 않기 위해 **국제적인 파트너십과 혁신적인 전략**을 모색해야 합니다.

미 해군은 한국과 협력하여 함정 건조 능력을 빠르게 향상시키고 해군 우위를 유지해야 합니다.

(suspenseful music) - [Timothy] This is Jeongjo the Great, a next-generation warship made in South Korea. (speaker speaking in foreign language) (cannon popping) (alarm buzzing) - It's one of the most powerful of its kind, and it cost only $600 million to build. A similar ship would cost almost a billion dollars more to construct in the US. The cost of building a warship in the US has soared, while production times have slowed to a crawl after decades of de-industrialization left America with only a handful of shipyards. Meanwhile, its strategic rival, China, has turned out hundreds of new ships, now commanding the world's largest and fastest-growing navy. Now, the US is looking to Asia's shipyards to help close that gap as the two superpowers move closer to a potential conflict. (suspenseful music) In the 1970s, the US shipbuilding industry

had 13 public shipyards operating across the country, building about 5% of the world's tonnage. Today, only four yards are still in operation. The Navy has been prevented from buying or constructing new ships abroad by a 1965 amendment to federal law. And that has allowed China to set a course to one day end US naval dominance. Beijing is now the top global ship maker by a wide margin. Giant Chinese firms that crank out merchant ships for the world are often the same ones building warships for China's navy. Less than a decade ago, the US Navy held more battle force ships compared to China. Since then, China's fleet has rapidly overtaken the US Navy and is projected to have 435 military vessels by 2030, outsizing the US by over a third. Officials are now in a race against time to stop that from happening. While the Navy can't buy ships from abroad,

It can import expertise. And if there is one place that can rival China's shipbuilding prowess, it's South Korea. The country is a leader in shipbuilding, specializing in high-end military vessels and large commercial ships. Much of that work takes place here at the largest shipyard in the world, operated by Hyundai Heavy Industries. Each year, dozens of military and commercial ships are built here. And the US Navy sees this as one answer to a vexing problem, how to catch up with China. Jeongjo the Great is the first of several new destroyers Hyundai is building. The US is prohibited from buying these vessels directly, but naval officials want to replicate how Hyundai makes them at a fraction of the cost. (suspenseful music) The ship measures more than 550 feet and can carry up to 300 crew. It's fitted with a weapon system that has a detection range of about 500 miles and can track over 1,000 targets at once.

The ship has a vertical launch system capable of firing missiles at targets in the air or on land. Expanded sonar capabilities allow the vessel to detect submarines at a range far greater than older destroyers. - We have a hexagon radar up there. That radar is very powerful. So once North Korea launched a missile, that radar can detect in less than seconds. - America has a fleet of ships just like this. But what makes this one different being built here in Korea? - We can build a ship in a very cost-effective way. We have a very healthy and reliable marine industry around us. We can control the cost, and we are adapting the very good shipbuilding and technology from our mainstream yard. - [Timothy] Hyundai's military ships are built in the same yard as the company's commercial vessels, where about 40 to 50 hulls are built each year. It means the company can build a destroyer in just 18 months, significantly faster

than the 28 months it would take in the US. - We are sharing all the shipbuilding technology from the commercial shipbuilding. We share all the new technology for improving the productivity for the shipbuilding, so that also makes us very efficient. - [Timothy] That efficiency is what US naval officials are hoping to replicate. Secretary of the US Navy, Carlos Del Toro, traveled to Asia as part of a pitch to shipbuilders to help revive American shipyards. - We shut down many shipyards in this country, thinking that we would not need them. We became less competitive. Because of that, our building of our naval capabilities, of our naval ships, has become far more expensive, because there are far fewer shipyards that actually build our navy ships. - [Timothy] Once those vessels are built, analysts say that in a prolonged conflict, maintaining the fleet near the battle space is key. (alarm buzzing)

(missile exploding) Hyundai Heavy Industries recently signed an agreement to allow US naval hulls to be repaired in South Korea. This will allow US vessels in need of repair to stay in Asia instead of making the lengthy journey back to American shipyards. - You are looking at the Chinese having greater availability of ships. That's also a geographical advantage that China faces of where they should maintain, repair, overhaul the ships. You don't want to have a battle out there in the Philippine Sea, and then you have to retire all the way to Guam or even all the way to stateside. Then, you will leave a gap where you have no ships or too few ships to make any difference in the theater. - [Timothy] Hyundai Heavy Industries will soon help start training shipbuilding engineers in the US. But these measures may not meet the need to revive the US Navy, and South Korea's prowess can't easily be replicated.

- Mainly, the engineering, procurement, construction, and integration, so all has to be aligned and well balanced. So we cannot build a ship just engineering is powerful, all has to harmonize together. - [Timothy] America's efforts to revitalize its shipbuilding capacity has taken on a new urgency as tensions rise over Taiwan. Beijing claims the self-ruled island as part of its territory, and is threatening to take control by force if necessary. America's naval superiority is a deterrent to a Chinese invasion as long as it can be maintained. - Assuming that there's not just a Taiwan conflict, but assuming there is also conflict elsewhere. The ongoing availability issues for the US Navy to concentrate enough forces in the theater while having to take care of other regions, it will be a huge stretch. It doesn't mean the US will not win a conflict over Taiwan, but then the question is, at what cost?

- [Timothy] While the US Navy is technologically superior to its Chinese rival, naval strategists argue that fleet size also matters. The bigger, the better. The clock is ticking for the US to increase its number of warships, but the laws designed to protect America's shipbuilders have backed the Navy into a corner. The US will need to look beyond its shores if it is to avoid falling irreversibly behind in a new era of great power competition. (suspenseful music)

Inside the Military Shipyard Helping the U.S. Catch up to China's Navy | WSJ

The Wall Street Journal takes you inside carefully selected stories and events in a visually captivating way so you can dig deeper into the news and insights that matter to you. 

The Wall Street Journal

한국의 정조대왕: 해군력의 판도를 바꾼 인물

정조대왕함은 한국의 차세대 군함으로, 미국 군함보다 훨씬 저렴한 6억 달러의 가격이 책정되었습니다.

미국 조선 산업은 급격히 쇠퇴하여 공공 조선소가 4개 밖에 남지 않은 반면, 중국은 해군을 급속히 확장하여 현재 최대 규모의 함대를 지휘하고 있습니다.

미국은 2030년까지 435척의 군함을 보유해 미국을 앞지를 것으로 예상되는 중국과의 격차를 좁히기 위해 아시아 조선소에 도움을 요청하고 있습니다.

한국은 세계 최대 규모의 조선소를 운영하는 현대중공업과 함께 고급 군함 및 대형 상선을 전문으로 하는 조선업의 선두주자입니다.

미 해군은 중국의 해군력을 따라잡기 위해 현대중공업의 비용 효율적인 선박 건조 방식을 모방하는 것을 목표로 하고 있습니다.

신형 구축함 정조대왕함은 첨단 무기 및 탐지 시스템을 탑재해 여러 표적을 추적하고 원거리에서 잠수함을 탐지할 수 있으며, 단 18개월 만에 건조할 수 있는 것이 특징입니다.

미 해군의 선박 건조 과제와 솔루션

미국은 조선소 부족으로 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 이로 인해 해군 함정 건조 비용이 증가하고 건조 기간이 길어지고 있습니다.

미 해군은 선체 수리 및 엔지니어 교육에 대한 협약을 통해 한국의 선박 건조 효율성과 기술 공유를 활용하여 미 해군을 지원하고 있습니다.

그러나 이러한 조치만으로는 미 해군의 역량을 완전히 회복하기에는 충분하지 않을 수 있습니다.

엔지니어링, 조달, 건설, 통합의 조화는 조선업에서 매우 중요합니다.

대만을 둘러싼 긴장이 고조되면서 미국의 해군력 강화 노력이 강화되었지만, 다른 지역의 분쟁을 해결하면서 해군력 우위를 유지하는 것은 어려운 과제입니다.

중국에 대한 미 해군의 기술적 우위도 중요하지만 함대 규모도 중요한 역할을 하므로 미국은 군함 수를 확대하고 해안 너머로 지원을 모색해야 합니다.