경험 기계: 쾌락주의와 현실

### 경험의 기계: 삶에는 즐거움보다 더 많은 것이 있을까요?
* 🧠 철학자 로버트 노직의 경험 기계 사고 실험은 개인이 현실을 시뮬레이션하는 기계에 연결하여 **고통 없이 쾌락만 경험**할 수 있는 시나리오를 제시합니다.
* 🎢 이 실험은 순 쾌락을 극대화하는 것이 인생의 궁극적인 목표라는 쾌락주의적 관점에 도전하며, **경험 기계가 이를 제공**하지만 여전히 연결하지 말아야 할 이유를 제시합니다.
* 💔 행복한 연애를 하고 있지만 파트너의 외도 사실을 알게 되면 큰 충격을 받을 벳시의 사례는 인생에서 쾌락보다 더 본질적인 가치가 있는 것이 있는지에 대한 의문을 제기합니다.
* 🌐 '진실, 지식, 다른 사람과의 진정한 연결'은 **순간의 쾌락보다 더 중요한 가치**의 몇 가지 예입니다.
* 🦄 벳시는 진실을 알지 못한 채 자신만의 경험 기계에 갇혀 살면서 **즐거움과 현실의 균형**을 맞추기 위해 우리가 내리는 현실적인 결정을 강조합니다.
* ❓ 노직의 실험은 실제 경험이 즐겁든 고통스럽든 **기계가 제공하는 시뮬레이션 현실의 즐거움**을 넘어서는 고유한 가치를 지니고 있는지 생각해 보도록 유도합니다.

시뮬레이션된 쾌락보다 실제 경험을 선택하는 것은 노직의 경험 기계가 보여준 쾌락주의 철학에 도전하는 것입니다.

Imagine if you could plug your brain into a machine that would bring you ultimate pleasure for the rest of your life. If you were given the choice to sign up for that kind of existence, would you? That's the question philosopher Robert Nozick posed through a thought experiment he called the Experience Machine. The experiment asks us to consider a world in which scientists have developed a machine that would simulate real life while guaranteeing experiences of only pleasure and never pain. The catch? You have to permanently leave reality behind, but you'll hardly know the difference. Your experiences will be indistinguishable from reality. Life's natural ups and downs will just be replaced with an endless series of ups. Sounds great, right? It may seem like a tempting offer, but perhaps it's not as ideal as it sounds. The experiment was actually designed to refute a philosophical notion called hedonism. According to hedonists, maximizing net pleasure is the most important thing in life.

because pleasure is the greatest good,
that life has to offer. For hedonists, the best choice that
a person could make for himself is one that brings him the greatest
possible amount of pleasure while bringing him no pain. Limitless pleasure minus zero pain
equals maximum net pleasure, or in other words, the exact scenario
the Experience Machine offers. Therefore, if hedonism 
is your philosophy of choice, plugging in would be a no-brainer. But what if there's more to life
than just pleasure? That's what Nozick believed
he was demonstrating through his Experience Machine 
thought experiment. Despite the machine's promise
of maximum net pleasure, he still found reason not to plug in, as do many other experimenters
who consider the proposition. But what could possibly dissuade us from
choosing a future of ultimate pleasure? Consider this scenario. Betsy and Xander are in a loving,
committed relationship. Betsy is head over heels
and has never felt happier.

However, unbeknownst to Betsy, Xander has been romancing
her sister, Angelica, with love letters and secret rendezvous
for the duration of their relationship. If Betsy found out, it would destroy her relationships 
with both Xander and Angelica, and the experience would be so traumatic,
she would never love again. Since Betsy is in blissful ignorance
about Xander's infidelity, hedonists would say she's better off
remaining in the dark and maintaining her high level
of net pleasure. As long as Betsy never finds out
about the relationship, her life is guaranteed to go on
as happily as it is right now. So, is there value in Besty knowing
the truth of her situation? Imagine if you were Betsy. Would you prefer to know the truth? If the answer is yes, you'd be choosing an option
that sharply decreases your net pleasure. Perhaps, then, you believe
that there are things in life

with greater intrinsic value
than pleasure. Truth, knowledge, authentic connection
with other human beings. These are all things 
that might make the list. By never learning the truth, Betsy is essentially living life
in her own personal Experience Machine, a world of happiness 
that's not based in reality. This love triangle is an extreme example, but it mirrors many of the decisions
we make in day-to-day life. So whether you're making a choice
for Betsy or for yourself, why might you feel reality
should be a factor? Is there inherent value 
in real experiences, whether pleasurable or painful? Do you yourself have more value when you're experiencing 
real life's pleasures and pains? Nozick's experiment may not provide
all the answers, but it forces us to consider whether
real life, though imperfect, holds some intrinsic value 
beyond the pleasure of plugging in.

Would you opt for a life with no pain? - Hayley Levitt and Bethany Rickwald

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TED-Ed

경험 기계는 철학자 로버트 노직이 제안한 사고 실험으로, 고통 없는 시뮬레이션 쾌락의 삶을 제공합니다.

이 실험은 쾌락을 극대화하는 것이 인생에서 가장 중요하다는 쾌락주의적 관념에 도전합니다.

노직의 실험은 많은 사람들이 기계에 연결하기를 꺼려하는 것에서 알 수 있듯이, 삶에는 쾌락을 추구하는 것 이상의 것이 있을 수 있음을 보여주는 것을 목표로 합니다.

삼각관계에 빠진 벳시의 무지의 딜레마

샌더는 연애 기간 내내 벳시의 여동생과 몰래 연애를 해왔기 때문에 벳시가 이 사실을 알게 된다면 큰 파장을 일으킬 수 있습니다.

쾌락주의자들에 따르면 이 사실을 모른 채 지내는 것이 벳시의 현재 높은 행복도를 유지할 수 있는 방법이라고 합니다.

그러나 진실을 알게 되면 벳시의 순 쾌락이 현저히 줄어들기 때문에 진실을 알 가치가 있는지에 대한 딜레마가 생깁니다.

노직의 사고 실험은 시뮬레이션된 현실에서 사는 즐거움보다 진실과 진정한 연결의 가치를 탐구합니다.

삼각관계에 놓인 벳시의 상황은 우리가 현실에서 직면하는 결정을 반영하며, 경험에서 현실의 중요성에 대해 생각해보게 합니다.

이 실험은 쾌락이나 고통에 관계없이 실제 경험의 본질적인 가치를 생각해 보도록 독려합니다.