라이다 논쟁: 자율 주행 자동차와 테슬라의 입장

영업 비밀이 아닌 라이다가 자율 주행 자동차의 원동력이 되어 업계의 미래에 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

### 라이다: 자율 주행 자동차의 비밀 소스
* 🚗 LiDAR는 자율 주행 차량 개발의 '비밀 소스'로 여겨지며, **Waymo와 Cruise와 같은 회사에서는 이를 사용하여 전 세계의 상세한 3D 지도를 만들어 차량이 복잡한 환경을 탐색**할 수 있도록 합니다.
* 📈 라이다는 자율주행차를 넘어 **아이폰, 아이패드, 농기계 등 다양한 애플리케이션에 활용**되며 주류로 자리 잡고 있습니다.
* 🚫 반면 테슬라는 차량에 **LiDAR를 포함하지 않**고 있으며, 일론 머스크는 고가의 센서를 비판하며 **불필요하다고 주장**하고 있습니다.
* 💰 라이더를 제외하기로 한 머스크의 결정은 대중에게 저렴한 자동차를 판매하려는 테슬라의 비즈니스 모델에 따른 것으로, **라이더를 추가하면 비용이 크게 증가**하기 때문입니다.
* 🚨 테슬라 차량에 라이더가 없는 것은 **웨이모와 같이 라이더를 사용하는 회사에 비해 더 심각한 충돌 사고**와 관련이 있습니다.
* ❓ LiDAR의 가격이 계속 낮아지고 더 저렴해진다면 **머스크가 입장을 바꿀지 여부**는 여전히 의문입니다.
* 🔮 라이다가 완전한 솔루션은 아니지만, **향후 완전 자율 주행 차량을 구현하는 데 중요한 구성 요소**가 될 수 있습니다.

- [Hawkins] So if you'll
recall, way back in 2018, Waymo sued Uber for
stealing trade secrets. - So there's no trade
secrets gonna be shown today. If that's what you came for, too bad. - [Hawkins] Waymo is the self-driving car spinoff of Google. Uber was also working on
self-driving cars at the time. Uber's chief tech bro, Travis Kalanick, was questioned on the stand about a weird phrase that
he wrote on a whiteboard during a late night jam sesh. A phrase I don't really appreciate having to say out loud on
camera, but here it goes: Laser is the sauce. I also don't really enjoy
having to say jam sesh, but that's beside the point. That phrase spawned some terrible memes, but it got to a core belief that's helping power the
development of self-driving cars, a huge multi-billion
dollar science experiment.

that could potentially change
the way we get around forever. And that core belief is
that lasers, or rather LiDAR, is the secret sauce
that could really crack this incredibly complex
problem of autonomous vehicles wide open. There's a big debate between
companies who use LiDAR and the one company that doesn't, and it all comes down to a question: how self-driving do we need
our self-driving cars to be? I'm Andrew Hawkins, and
this is your status update. (upbeat, funky music) Before we get to that, we have to address the
autonomous elephant in the room. A lot of people think that self-driving cars
are just fully a scam. That they're basically vaporware from billion-dollar companies who have been promising a fully driverless future for decades, but never deliver. All those viral clips of self-driving car fails in San Francisco certainly help paint this picture. - [Thorn] Yeah, we got a Cruise vehicle.

Nobody in the car, no place for us to go. - [Cameraperson] Everyone's
getting off the bus. There's no one driving the car. - No, self-driving cars are not poised to suddenly take over the world. And yeah, the AV industry is struggling. Thousands of employees have been laid off, timelines has stretched into the future with no visible endpoint. Some companies have even
shut down completely after losing all their funding. But true driverless cars,
companies like Waymo and Cruise, they're in San Francisco and Phoenix, and they're picking up real passengers and taking their money
for trips, right now. And part of the reason that they're able to navigate
these complex environments is because they use a lot of sensors, including cameras, radar,
and ultrasonic sensors to create 3D renderings
of their environment. But most critically, they use LiDAR. Travis Kalanick's laser sauce. LiDAR stands for light
detection and ranging.

It works by sending out
a pulse of light waves that bounce off of objects
and return to the sensor. LiDAR uses the time it took for each pulse to return to the sensor to calculate distance traveled, and that way, it can measure
how far away an object is. A typical LiDAR pulse contains thousands of beams of
infrared laser light. These pulses create point clouds, which can be used to create 3D renderings
of the environment, and the result is a much more
detailed 3D map of the world than cameras and other
common sensors can offer. It even works at night, when cameras alone are essentially blind. Cars like Waymo's still use
the full complement of sensors, and the vehicle's brain
fuses all the data together to get the best possible view of reality. LiDAR isn't just for autonomous cars. Lately, it's been showing up
in a lot of different places, like iPhones and iPads.

and the new Vision Pro augmented reality headset that Apple just unveiled. It's being used in farm equipment, in warehouse vehicles, and in aviation. LiDAR companies like Luminar are working to put their sensors into vehicles that you can buy yourself. LiDAR is going mainstream, but not everyone thinks that LiDAR is the sauce. (door slams) (seatbelt buckle clicks) Tesla, the most aggressive company in pushing autonomous tech on its customers, doesn't include LiDAR in its vehicles. And Elon Musk has been talking all kinds of trash about LiDAR in recent years. Here's what he said in 2019. - And anyone left relying on LiDAR is doomed. Expensive sensors that are unnecessary. It's like having a whole bunch of expensive appendices. - And he's criticized Google's approach, which includes LiDAR. In a CNBC interview from earlier this year, he bragged that Tesla's vehicles

are more powerful than Google's because they can drive in more places. So if LiDAR is so powerful, what's that about? Well, Tesla's vehicles used to include a bunch
of different sensors, but Elon Musk decided it was too complex and too expensive, so he ripped everything
out but the cameras. The truth is that LiDAR just doesn't work for
Tesla's business model. Elon Musk wants to sell
cars to lots of people, cars that he promises will
become fully autonomous someday. But including LiDAR would just make them too expensive for most people to afford. Now, the price of LiDAR has dropped dramatically in recent years, from around $75,000 a
pop to now around $6,000. But the tech is basically incompatible with Tesla's balance sheet. For all of Elon's claims about the future, Tesla's present tech is
still just driver assist. Autopilot and full self-driving still require the driver to
pay attention to the road

and take over when something goes wrong. And when it does, the driver's the one liable
for whatever happens. If a Waymo or Cruise crashes, the companies are liable for the damage. In other words, robo-taxi companies aren't
selling cars to people, so they can afford to add
LiDAR to their vehicles. Tesla still needs people behind the wheel because it needs people to buy its cars. Waymo and Cruise just need
people to ride in them. That's the difference that LiDAR makes. Another difference is car crashes. More specifically, the
severity of the crash. When Waymo vehicles crash, they tend to be pretty minor, like low-speed rear-end collisions. The company only reported two crashes and 18 minor contact events after driving 1 million
fully driverless miles in California and Arizona. The number of people
injured in those incidents? Zero. The number of people injured in Tesla vehicles using autopilot? Very much not zero.

According to federal crash data, Tesla vehicles using autopilot were involved in 736 crashes since 2019. 17 people died in those crashes, including 11 since May 2022. Experts told the Washington Post that the removal of some
sensors, including radar, appear to have contributed to the increased number of incidents. Now, there are a lot more
Tesla vehicles on the road than Waymo vehicles, and Tesla's aren't geofenced
to specific areas like Waymo. And we're not saying
that radar or even LiDAR would've prevented any of these
crashes from taking place. But if you're comparing the two companies, Waymo's cars arguably can see more of
the world than Tesla's, and that's partly because of the sensors. (mellow music) So what happens if LiDAR suddenly becomes so cheap it pays for itself? Will Elon flip flop on
his LiDAR skepticism? Musk isn't anything if not unpredictable.

but that would be a huge
reversal on his part if he went and added LiDAR to his cars. But if he wants Tesla to
ever be fully autonomous, not just use fancy driver assist systems like autopilot and full self-driving, he may have to accept LiDAR in his heart. It doesn't have to be the whole sauce, but it certainly could be one of the most important ingredients. I'm sure you're tired of
listening to me talk about sauce, but we'd love to hear from
you about self-driving cars. Do we need self-driving cars? There's lots of questions about the relevancy of driverless technology, so let us know what you
think in the comments below.

Lidar vs. Tesla: the race for fully self driving cars

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The Verge

웨이모와 우버의 영업 비밀 논쟁

구글에서 분사한 자율주행차 업체인 웨이모는 2018년 영업비밀을 훔쳤다는 이유로 우버를 고소했습니다.

이 소송의 핵심은 LiDAR 기술이 자율주행차 개발의 '비밀 소스'라는 믿음이었습니다.

이 소송은 자율주행 기술의 현실성에 대한 회의론이 팽배한 가운데 미래의 차량이 얼마나 자율 주행해야 하는지에 대한 논쟁을 촉발시켰습니다.

자율 주행 차량과 그 너머에서 라이다의 역할

LiDAR는 진정한 무인 자동차의 핵심 구성 요소로, 주변 환경에 대한 상세한 3D 지도를 생성하고 야간을 포함한 복잡한 주변 환경을 탐색할 수 있게 해줍니다.

자율주행차 업계가 어려움을 겪고 있음에도 불구하고 웨이모나 크루즈와 같은 회사는 실제 승객을 운송하고 수익을 창출하는 데 LiDAR를 성공적으로 사용하고 있습니다.

자율주행차 외에도 iPhone, iPad 등 다양한 기기에서 LiDAR 기술이 활용되고 있으며, 이는 자동차 산업을 넘어 그 역할이 확대되고 있음을 나타냅니다.

애플의 새로운 비전 프로 증강 현실 헤드셋

Apple은 농기계, 창고 차량 및 항공 분야에서 사용되는 새로운 Vision Pro 증강 현실 헤드셋을 공개했습니다.

일론 머스크가 이끄는 테슬라는 LiDAR 기술의 주류 인기에도 불구하고, 비용과 복잡성 때문에 광범위한 시장에 자율주행을 보급하려는 테슬라의 목표에 어긋난다는 비판과 함께 차량에 LiDAR를 탑재하지 않고 있습니다.

최근 몇 년 동안 LiDAR의 가격이 크게 하락했지만, 여전히 Tesla의 현재 운전자 보조 중심의 비즈니스 모델과 맞지 않습니다.

라이다가 로보택시 회사와 테슬라에 미치는 영향

웨이모나 크루즈와 같은 로보 택시 회사는 개인에게 차량을 판매하지 않기 때문에 차량에 LiDAR를 사용할 수 있는 반면, 테슬라는 여전히 인간 운전자에게 의존하고 있습니다.

웨이모의 차량은 오토파일럿을 사용하는 테슬라 차량에 비해 사고 발생 건수가 적고 부상자가 없는 반면, 테슬라는 상당한 수의 충돌 사고에 연루되어 여러 명이 사망하는 등 심각한 충돌 사고는 거의 발생하지 않았습니다.

LiDAR를 사용하면 Waymo의 차량이 Tesla의 차량에 비해 더 넓은 시야를 확보할 수 있어 잠재적으로 안전 기록의 차이에 기여할 수 있습니다.

테슬라 자동차에 LiDAR의 추가 가능성

일론 머스크가 Tesla 차량에 LiDAR를 추가할 가능성이 있다면 이는 그에게 중요한 반전이 될 것입니다.

머스크는 다른 운전자 보조 시스템을 선호하지만 완전한 자율주행을 달성하기 위해서는 LiDAR 기술을 받아들이는 것이 중요할 수 있습니다.

자율주행차의 필요성과 무인 기술의 관련성에 대한 논쟁은 계속되고 있습니다.