In this video, we're going to learn C-sharp basics in just 10 minutes: variables, ifs, functions, classes, and more. Alright, let's begin. [Music] Okay, so let's learn the basics on how to write C-sharp code. Now, the first thing you need is somewhere to write and compile your code. The easiest way is simply to use Visual Studio, which has a free version. Creating a simple console app is the easiest way to start playing around and writing some C-sharp. Okay, so when you do, you have the basic starting file with the main function, and you can press the start button up here to run your code. And as soon as you do, the code compiles, and yep, it runs. It opens the window, and it costs. Now, in this channel, I cover game development in Unity, which runs the code pretty much exactly the same, except it does in a game engine rather than a console app. Alright, so let's write some code. Something that you will use all the time is simply printing a message. So, you can do that by

accessing the console and running the right line function, and then just write something so just like this and hit compile, and yep, it runs the code, it prints a message, and it causes immediately. Now you can stop it from quitting instantly by adding a simple console.readkey. So run again, and if there it is, now the console doesn't close instantly, so you can easily verify the output. Okay, now one of the core fundamentals of programming are variables, which are containers of data. So to define a variable, first you write the type, then the name, and then optionally, you can initialize it with a value. So this variable is of type int, it's named I, and has the value 56. There's a multitude of types you can use for your variables. So you have ints for whole numbers, you have floats for floating-point numbers, double is also a floating-point number but doing more precision, though for boolean logic, so values like true and false, char for a character, and string for a string of characters or text. So those are the basic types, and you'll learn more as you

go on. You can do a simple string concatenation with plus. So, for example, here, print that message, then plus the I, and yep, there's the output printing our variable contents. Another fundamental building block is functions. So, you define a function by first writing the return type. Now, if you want to return nothing, you can simply use void. Then, you write the name of the function, and then you have parameters within the parentheses, if there are any. So, this function here returns nothing and takes no parameters, and this one takes an in parameter and returns a volume. To use a function, you simply write the function name and then the parameters inside the parentheses, if there are any. This is related to the fact that we are calling a non-static function from inside a static function. Static SAR is a bit more advanced, so don't worry about them for now. But in here, you can simply fix it by making these two also static. So, you can call a function like this or our second function, and we pass in the parameters within our parentheses. Now, if a function has a

return value. You can also store it in a simple variable. Alright, so that's the basics of functions. Now let's learn about ifs and conditions. So it's very simple. You just write the if keyword, then you write your condition, and then you open and close a code block. So a condition is anything that evaluates to a point. So you can do comparisons like this: I less than 10. You can do greater than, you can do equal to, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to, and not equal to. So the exclamation point here means is not. You can also count functions. So down here we have a function that returns a boolean, so we can also call this, and again we can use an exclamation point to invert the result. Then you can also combine conditions, so mainly you do that with and, which is two ampersands, or or, using two pipes. So here, this whole thing won't be true if I is under 10 and I equals 5. Then you can also group conditions by using parentheses, so

here we are testing if I is under 0 and I equals 5 or I bigger than 10 and I equals 15. So first this one evaluates and this one evaluates and then you evaluate the entire or. So you write your condition and then you have the codon walk which runs if this is true. So in this case 5 is under 10. So if we run it there you go we have true. Then after the codon walk we can also add skee world and another code walk. So this is what we'll return if the condition is not true. So here make this 15 set so this won't be false any of there you go we have our fault. Another way of doing conditional logic is with a switch. So you do a switch on something and then you have the various cases depending on the value inside here. So you write case then the value on this case then in here you write for every code you want and then you do a break to indicate the end of the case. You also have the special

default, which is the code that won't run if the value does not match any of the other cases. Then you have collections like arrays and lists. Those are our data types that hold a collection of variables. So, to define an array, you write the type of the array and then square brackets. So, here we have an array of int. And now, by default, the array won't be set to null, so we need to initialize it. And to initialize an array, you use new of our array type. And in here, we need to give it a size. And let's say 5. So, we are initializing this array with five positions that can hold five ints. And all of those positions are set to zero, which is a default. You can also omit the size and initialize the array right in here. So, just like that, we are initializing an int array containing all of these elements with these values. So, this is our array, which is a fixed-sized collection. Now, if you need something with a dynamic size, you can use lists. So, you're right list and the type inside.

the angle brackets and again by default this won't be known, so we need to create the object. So, we do a new list, and again, if you want, in here, we can also initialize some very. Now, the main difference between a list and an array is that the array is fixed, but a list can expand and contract. So, here we can do in place and add a value, then we can also remove them. All right, so these are your basic collections. Now, let's learn about loops. The easiest way to cycle through a collection is with a simple for each. We do for each, then we write our iterator variable, and then the collection that we want to cycle through. So, this won't cycle through the whole list and write it on the console if there is one. So, this works on any collection. So, it works on the list as well as the array. Then, you also have a simple for. So, the for is split into three distinct parts, each of them separated by a semicolon. Now, the first part initializes an iterator variable, then we have our end condition.

so if this is false, then the cycle ends, and the last part is run after each cycle. So usually, this just increments our iterator so we can cycle through our own list count, which is going to count down the total number of elements. So in here, we can do a simple right line to print the index position and then the element inside that list in that index position. Yep, there we go. On index 0, we have the element 1. Then you also have a while, so you do 1, then the condition, and then the code mark. So this code mark will run once this condition is true. So in this case, don't run 5 times. Then you also have a do-while. The do-while is very similar, except it tests for the condition only at the end instead of at the beginning. Now you can write comments in a single line with two forward slashes, or you can do this to open or close comments. Now comments are useful for adding some text in your code. However, do keep in mind clean code principles. So I the only your code.

should be fully and easily understood without any comments. If it's not, then go and rename your variables to make the code intent more clear. You can define your own types, and one of the more useful ones are enums. So, you write the keyword enum, then the name. So, this is an enumeration of certain specific values. So, we have this variable with this type, meaning it can hold these possible values. For example, enums are extremely useful for doing a simple switch on a bunch of specific states. C-sharp being an object-oriented language means that you can create your own classes. So, write the keyword class, and then the name. Then you can create an object of this type by first defining the type, then the name, and then you do a new, and you instantiate your object. Now, by default, you have a parameter-less constructor, but you can also write your own just like that. And then inside your class, you can do anything you like, like defining fields and functions. So, just like that, then something very important, which are accessors and scope. Now for

accessor z' you have mainly public and private. Private means that this function is only accessible from inside this class. So, if up here I try to access that function, there you go, there is an error because that function is private. But if I swap it to public, now I can access that in here. And if you don't specify anything, like for example on this void main, then the default won't be private. Now these accessories can be applied to functions but also to all of these feelings. So, these films are private, so I cannot go up here and modify it. There you go, an error. And now regarding variable scope. A variable defined inside a function only exists inside this function. So, here we're defining an int variable named I, and then we are calling this function. And here we have an error because I does not exist whilst inside of this go. It's defined here, so the variable only exists from here to down here. So, in order to use a variable over several functions, you can define it up here as a member variable, and just like

this now we can use this a my down here. Alright, so that's the basics of C-sharp in just ten minutes. These are the absolute basics, so if you want to learn more, then check the playlist linked in the description where I covered some more advanced topics in greater detail. Now, programming is all about experience, so go ahead and write some code. Like the video if you found it helpful, and subscribe to the channel for more videos. Person equation having it comes, and I'll see you next time. [Music]

Learn C# BASICS in 10 MINUTES!

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