프로그래밍 언어 배우기: 효과적인 프로젝트 기반 접근 방식

새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 효과적으로 배우려면 매뉴얼을 읽거나 수많은 연습 문제를 풀기보다는 프로젝트를 하나 골라 코딩을 시작해야 합니다.

### 간단한 프로젝트를 개발하여 새로운 프로그래밍 언어 배우기
* 📚 "저는 **1980년대부터 루비, C, 자바, 오브젝트 파스칼, 모듈라-2 등 다양한 프로그래밍 언어**를 배웠습니다."
* 🎯 "새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 빠르고 효과적으로 배우려면 **관심 있는 프로젝트를 선택**하고 코딩을 시작하세요."
* 💻 "D를 배울 때 첫 번째 단계는 **컴파일러 또는 인터프리터를 설치하는 것**"이며, D 웹사이트에서는 포괄적인 문서와 추가 리소스를 제공합니다.
* 학습 과정의 대부분은 **시행착오와 다른 언어에 대한 경험**을 바탕으로 추측하고 필요할 때 문서에서 정보를 찾아보는 과정으로 이루어집니다.
* 🔍 "D에서는 **비공개 클래스 멤버라도 모두 동일한 공유 모듈**에 있으면 액세스할 수 있습니다."
* 🕹 "몇 가지 문제를 실험하고 극복한 후 다음 단계는 **가장 간단한 형태의 어드벤처 게임**을 개발하는 것입니다."
* 📖 "게임을 작성하는 동안 학습자는 **배열을 사용**하고, **moveTo 메서드**를 만들고, **대소문자 전환 문**으로 게임 루프를 구현합니다."
* 🎯 "학습자의 목표는 지침을 위해 지속적으로 문서를 참조하면서 **점진적으로 프로젝트를 구축**하고 개선하는 것입니다."

over the years, I've learned an awful lot of programming languages. But the one thing that I can't be bothered to do is to read my way through one of those enormous books, you know, page 1 to 800, telling you everything about this programming language. And yet, I've learned Ruby, C, Java, Object Pascal, Modular 2, lots and lots of programming languages. I've been programming since the 1980s, and I've had plenty of time to figure out a way of learning a language as effectively as possible. And that's what this video is about. What I don't do is I don't read huge manuals from page one to page 800. I don't do hundreds and hundreds of little programming exercises. I know that some programmers, when I've taught courses on programming, get very wound up, very obsessed with solving problems, of having exercises to do. Exercises have their place, and they can be useful for some things, but that's not my approach to learning a new language, to learn a new language quickly.

and effectively pick a project. Get programming. Simple as that. I'll show you what I mean. As always, if you followed some of my other tutorials, you'll probably guess the project I'm going to pick. It's going to be a simple Adventure game. Adventure games are great because they bring in all sorts of stuff: string handling, class libraries, file handling, just about everything, really. But for you, if you don't like adventure games, pick something else. It could be a disutility. It could be, I don't know, I really have no idea what interests you, but find something that you're interested in and start to learn. That way, I'll show you how I do this. I'm going to show you how I started learning the D language. I picked D because it's quite a fairly well-established language, but probably one that most people are not familiar with. I've never really programmed D before. I've been aware of it over the years, but I've had to learn from scratch. So I'm going to show you how I got from no

knowledge of D to writing a simple Adventure game in about 3 hours. Let's see how I got started. Clearly, the first thing you have to do when learning a new language is install the compiler or interpreter. That is the thing that's going to run the language for you. For D, I've gone to the programming website and found the download page. There are lots of downloads here for Windows and various versions of Linux and MacOS. If I'm programming Windows, I've decided that I'm going to use Visual Studio, and there is a Visual Studio plugin called Visual D. I can download that. It includes the D compiler so I don't have to do more than one step. But if you're using other operating systems, then Visual Studio Code is quite well supported. It takes a bit more setup and unless you're very familiar with it, it'll take a bit of learning, which is why I'm really more comfortable with Visual Studio. Then I need some reference material. Well, the D site has this documentation, fairly comprehensive documentation to the language and its

libraries. And just as an added extra, there are also extra resources you can see here. There are various tools, editors, tutorials, and books. So I'm going to use this book, this online book. Or you can also get a PDF version so that I can dip in when I need some extra help. So having got my IDE up and running, this is the one that's in Visual Studio. The next thing to do is to start writing something. So start a project. I can search in Visual Studio for a particular language. If you're using another IDE or text editor, of course, this step is going to be different. Just select an application and see what happens. D application. I'll just use all the defaults. Now it's prompting me console. Yeah, I'll go for console. This is the standard reference D compiler. Okay, I'll accept that. Finish. Let's see what happens. So it's gone away and it's generated something. I can see there's a D program file here. Let's have a look what's in it. Ah, so it's created a simple file for me.

let me try running that and see if it works. So it's compiling it and ah pop down again. So I need to put a break point. Break point will stop it exiting, I hope. And let me look at okay. So hello D world, that looks okay. What do I do next? Let's stop this back in here. Well, let's see if I can guess my way through it. I've got some experience with C and C-like languages. Let's try an array of chars, a string in other words. Turns out that D has more than one way of doing strings, but I'm going to stick with this Char array. Call it s. So this is me guessing my way through the language so far. It works okay. So let's have a look. I've got wrin. Well, let's see if there's a reedin. Reedin is the same name. I happen to know these from Pascal. These are standard names in Pascal. See if see if this works inde D. And it's looking good so far. It's got no no. The error squiggly is gone so.

let's see if I can append that to this string. Uh, normally that's with a plus s. Ah, it's not liking that. So that's where I've had to resort. This is the first time when I was learning this that I had to resort to the documentation, and it tells me that. I'll save you the time. I won't show you it all now, but you just look it up in online documentation, and it says tilder is the way of appending one string to another. And instead of putting a break point this time, I'm going to put redin, and just like Pascal, it also lets me omit the uh empty brackets if I wish to. And I just found that again by trial and error. Uh, you know, no special magic on this. So let's see what happens. Okay, so enter my name. It should read that, assign it to the string s, and it displays the string. It's paused at the end because of that final reading I put. It's waiting to read the final line. It'll do that when I press enter.

there you go. So, that's my first program. All of that was done with guesswork, apart from this one thing. I had to look at this tilder to find out how to append a string. So, that was my first 5 minutes. I said that. I took about 3 hours. Let's see what I accomplished in the first hour. Well, I'm trying here to create a class. That's a class that's going to define an object. When I've looked at other D tutorials, they leave classes and object orientation on the whole really till the later chapters. You might be well well into the tutorial before you even look at it. Well, I decided that I need to find out how to use this quite quickly. So, again, mostly this is guesswork from my knowledge of other C-like languages. That's C and Java, for example, create classes and let you derive objects from them. So, I created a class called thing and I used this is the string data types. I said D does have a string data type, so I've G it a name.

field. I had to look up how to create a Constructor. It's using this keyword, and then you pass to its arguments. And here, the argument, the string argument, is used to initialize the name field. And I wanted then to have the name itself, the name field, private, so it's encapsulated, so the data is hidden, and to have accesses. And the way that I chose to do it was to have uh accessors called name. Now, even though these have got the same names, these two methods, they uh differentiate between them because they've got different argument lists. So I can assign a string using this one, and I can return a string, the string name, using that one. Now, I then descended uh another class room from thing. This again was guesswork because I've come across various different syntaxes of creating lines of descent. And so it turns out that indeed this colon is put between the new name and the ancestor class name. But again, if you wanted to, you know, if you couldn't figure that out just simply looking it up in some documentation.

we'll explain that very quickly. Now, the room inherits the name from The Thing class, and it adds on these integers: north, south, west, east. Those are the exits into other rooms. Then, this is its constructor. It takes all those arguments, and it calls super again. I guessed this from experience with other languages. Uh, it calls the super class, passing to it a name, and then it initializes these arguments. Now, down here, I just messed about. I mean, this code is all over the place, really, but that's a really important stage when you're learning a language. Just mess about. It doesn't matter if you muck things up. I mean, in fact, you should, because you're really trying to find your way around the language. So, I've created a new thing. I've used writing, which I've done before, and then I've created a new room. And now, I've written this. Uh, here, this is just a prompt character read the string that the user enters created a new thing. Now, s dodap. This is to do with how strings are

handled the difference between strings and uh character arrays. There is a distinction made so this a string has been read here, and I need it to be uh duplicated as a character array. I had to look that up. That was one thing that I wouldn't just guess. I I did look that up, and so this is the kind of process I go through when I'm messing around. I hit a problem. That's the stage at which I have to go to the documentation to look things up. I discovered that as expected, I can pass an argument like this, and an alternative syntax. I I just found this through messing around and trying it out, is to use it like a property in C, where you use this like a variable, even though it's actually a method, and assign the string the single argument to it. Um, the rest, I think, is fairly straightforward. Oh, the I wanted to display the number, the integer on the North side. Again, I had to look up how to convert an integer into a string representation, and I found that this is the way to do.

it two exclamation marks and string and in order to do that, I had to import std.com. So again, that was something I had to look up. Um, is there anything else that needs explaining here? I don't think so. Oh yes, there is one thing. I tried to make this private. Again, these are things I had to look at. How do you make sections of a class private or public? And so by putting private colon, I can declare a section of private variables here. And then these accessor, these methods are public. However, I discovered that I can actually, if I wanted my private variables underscore name, that shouldn't be available if it's private, should it? So I should have an error there. I'm expecting, but, uh, apparently not. So again, that's something I had to look up. Why is that privacy not being observed? It turns out that in D, even if something is private in a class, if it's all in the shared module, that's this single code file in this case, then it will be public, which is not what I want. So I had to find out.

next, how to create a module again. That's something I looked up in documentation. So here, I would say in my first, I guessed maybe 80% of the code, and I ran into a few problems, which I've mentioned. That's when I had to look up the documentation, right? So, this is my rewritten version. Here, I've added a module to hold my Thing and Room class in Visual Studio. That's done with right-clicking the project, and then you can click add and add a new item. Obviously, that's going to be different in other editors or IDEs. You can see I've just created a module called my classes, given it the name up here, and it's in a file called my classes. D. This is just the same code that I had in the previous version. I've still got string uncore name marked as private. Now, if I go into the main file, the file that starts the program, that just creates a room and it prompts me, sorry, it writes this prompt here, and it says you are in, etc., etc.

difference here is if I try to access that private field now I get this squiggly. It says that there's no property uncore name. And so that is how I've enforced the Privacy just by creating a new module and importing that module. Okay, so after that experimentation and now think I'm ready to start writing the very, very simplest possible Adventure game here. I want a map containing four rooms. I've already defined the room object as I've shown. The int variable defines the player's position, which starts off a zero. I've drawn out this little map. So r0 is the name of the first room. It goes east to room one. R1 South to room two, and that goes east to room three. And there are no exits in the other directions. I've then created the rooms. You can see in the four rooms down here. And I've added them to an array. So I've defined a room array called map to contain four rooms. And I've just added them one by. Now all of this has been

done with guesswork because I've used arrays in other languages. And if you've used C or Java or some other C-like language, you can probably make a good guess at how to do this. I might have made a few mistakes along the way, but it was fairly simple to rectify. Then I've just written this moveTo method so it takes a number, and that's the number of the room that to be moved to. And if it's minus one, minus one means no exit in that direction. Well, if it's minus one, I just display no exit. Otherwise, it updates the player's position, that's the pos variable, to the new room number. And it writes You have moved into and then it goes into it indexes into the map and it gets the name of the room at that position. Then there's my main function down here, that's what executes when the program runs. This is all fairly straightforward. I've got exit as an integer. First of all, it calls init. So init where

is that so that's this method. That's the method that first creates the rooms and the map okay so so it calls in knit then it writes that you are in well it's room zero because pause starts off as zero at the start of the game. Then I've got this do while loop again. I I looked up Loops in the doc documentation but I was guessing there would be something like do while as that's a common sort of loop so that executes the loop while this condition is true and the condition is that the player has not ENT entered Q the string Q uh to exit so not equals that's again guessed from my knowledge from other SE like languages uh switch case again that's very like in in other C like languages it's just a multiple choice so if the player enters the string s that's readed in from the command prompt up here if the player enters that string um and it's the string is n then I find the exit uh of at the end position the north position in the room the room is the uh

map is the room object at the current position, and it's the same for s, w, e, and the default is no exit so that should all work in principle. Let's see if it does. So South should go to oh there should have been a room there on East. I can't even use quit there is something wrong with my code so this is my other secret weapon before I go on that I should say you know that when I say I'm looking things up um I've got online documentation which I refer to and I'm going to be referring to that shortly because my assumption is that there is something wrong with the way that I've read this string the string is not being recognized as n it's not matching this uh and so on so let's see what's wrong so I'll do it again so let's enter s now that should match the string s but let's have a look at what s is looks like s ah but if I expand it using the

debugger. By pressing that arrow, I can see there are two characters. There's an S followed by the value 10. That's an ASCII code 10, which is a line feed, not a carriage return, which is 13. And so when I'm expecting it to match S down here, let me put another breakpoint down here. I'm expecting it to match S. It doesn't because I'm testing that the string is one character long. That's just a single S. Back to my documentation. Okay, so this is where I start looking things up. I've got this Programming in D reference here, and I'm looking for something to trim off. In many languages, it's called trim. I tried that and it didn't work. So I've gone to the documentation to see if I can find something else. And this is what I find. In D, the function that strips off the non-printing characters like spaces and carriage returns and line feeds is called strip. And I assign it back to a variable as shown in this

documentation. So that's all the documentation I looked up to get this to work. Let's try that. So according to this documentation, I should be able to call S equals strip s um. It seems happy with that. One other thing I've had to do, by the way, again, this is where you look in the documentation, is I've had to import std. string to get this to work. Let's see if that works. And right, this time the break point is hit. Let's have a look what S is. Y. Yeah. So this got rid of the Rogue character. Continue. And it's hit the case statement, but I'm expecting it to continue. Let's get rid of all these break points now so I can just continue watching the running program. Okay. So yes, I've moved into a new room East. There should be another room, and there is East again. Should be no exit, and there is West. And I can move around the game by entering the directions. And Q should quit because that's the test statement down here. The exits from this Loop so.

that's my first. I would say about 3 hours from knowing no D at all to writing a very simple ad object-oriented Adventure game. So I'm pretty pleased with that. That, in short, is how I go about learning a new language. Now, as I said, this has been about my approach to learning a new language. It's not a tutorial to D. Experienced D programmers will have much more effective and efficient ways, I am quite sure, of programming what I have shown than I used in this, uh, in this video. Because these are just my first few hours learning the language. So whether you're learning D or rest or Java or C or C or C++, whatever you're learning, what I really want to get across is a way of starting to learn that language without getting bogged down with thinking you've got to read every single chapter in an impenetrably long book, uh, or solve hundreds and hundreds of exercises. Anyway, I hope that's given you an insight into how I approach it and maybe you can take

something of use from this video. If you like this video, give it a thumbs up. And to make sure you don't miss any of my other videos, be sure to subscribe to my channel, ring the bell, and I'll see you again soon with something different.

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새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 효율적으로 학습하기

방대한 매뉴얼을 읽고 수많은 연습을 하는 것은 새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 배우는 데 가장 효과적인 방법은 아닙니다.

대신 관심 있는 프로젝트를 선택하고 프로그래밍을 시작하는 것이 핵심입니다.

예를 들어 D 언어를 배우는 경우 첫 번째 단계는 컴파일러나 인터프리터를 설치한 다음 포괄적인 문서와 참고할 수 있는 추가 리소스를 확보하여 활용하는 것입니다.

마지막으로 Visual Studio와 같은 IDE에서는 프로젝트를 시작하고 생성된 파일을 사용하여 코딩을 시작하는 과정을 거치게 됩니다.

시행착오를 통한 D 프로그래밍 학습

화자는 시행착오를 통해 C 및 C 유사 언어에 대한 약간의 지식으로 D 프로그래밍을 배우고 있습니다.

이들은 문자열을 성공적으로 생성하고 '물결표' 연산자를 사용하여 문자열에 추가하는 방법을 배웠습니다.

첫 번째 시간에는 C와 Java에 대한 이전 경험을 바탕으로 클래스를 만들고, 객체를 정의하고, 상속을 설정하는 작업도 시도했습니다.

코드는 문자열 입력과 정수 변환을 처리하는 생성자 및 메서드 정의가 있는 룸 클래스로 구성됩니다.

코드를 실험하고 문서를 찾아보는 과정은 새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 배우는 데 있어 매우 중요한 부분으로 강조되고 있습니다.

수업에서 개인 정보 보호를 달성하는 데 따르는 어려움과 공유 모듈이 변수의 개인 정보 보호에 미치는 영향도 발견하고 탐구했습니다.

Visual Studio에서 클래스용 모듈 만들기

프로젝트를 마우스 오른쪽 버튼으로 클릭하고 "추가"를 선택한 다음 "새 항목 추가"를 선택하여 Visual Studio에서 클래스를 보관할 모듈을 만들 수 있습니다.

이렇게 하면 클래스가 포함된 모듈을 통해 필드에 액세스하여 개인정보 보호를 적용할 수 있습니다.

이 모듈을 사용하면 코드를 정리하고 클래스 멤버의 접근성을 제어할 수 있습니다.

몇 가지 실험과 다른 언어를 참조한 후, 방 배열과 moveTo 메서드를 정의하여 간단한 어드벤처 게임을 만들 수 있습니다.

방 배열에는 4개의 방이 포함되며, moveTo 메서드는 플레이어의 위치를 업데이트하고 해당 방의 이름을 표시합니다.

이 간단한 접근 방식을 사용하면 프로그램을 효과적으로 초기화하고 실행할 수 있습니다.

D에서 텍스트 기반 어드벤처 게임 디버깅하기

이 코드는 do-while 루프를 사용하여 플레이어가 종료하려면 "Q"를 입력할 때까지 게임을 계속 실행합니다.

문제는 입력 문자열에 줄 바꿈 문자가 포함되어 있어 예상 방향(n, s, e, w)과 일치하지 않는다는 것입니다.

해결책은 D의 "스트립" 기능을 사용하여 입력 문자열에서 인쇄되지 않는 문자를 제거하여 예상 방향과 일치하도록 하는 것입니다.

새로운 프로그래밍 언어 배우기: 개인적인 접근 방식

이 개인은 약 3시간 만에 D로 간단한 광고 객체 지향 어드벤처 게임을 작성하는 방법을 배웠습니다.

이 접근 방식은 책의 모든 장을 읽거나 수백 개의 연습 문제를 풀 필요 없이 새로운 언어를 배우기 시작하는 것을 강조합니다.

이 동영상은 새로운 프로그래밍 언어를 배우는 개인적인 접근 방식에 대한 통찰력을 제공하고 시청자가 경험에서 유용한 시사점을 찾을 수 있도록 장려합니다.