사라진 법칙: 기능 정보의 진화

### '기능적 정보 증가의 법칙'에 대한 밥 헤이즌의 이야기
* 🔄 Hazen은 질서, 패턴, 정보의 증가와 관련된 자연의 '잃어버린 법칙', 즉 **시간의 두 번째 화살표**가 존재할 수 있다고 생각합니다.
* 🌌 '기능 정보 증가의 법칙'이라고 불리는 이 새로운 법칙은 헤이젠이 생명체뿐만 아니라 모든 시스템에 적용되는 **'기능을 위한 선택'**으로 보는 진화의 개념에 기반합니다.
* 💡 Hazen에 따르면, 이 법칙을 이해하는 핵심은 기능적이거나 안정적인 구성의 극히 일부를 나타내는 **'기능적 정보'**에 있습니다.
* 🧠 진화는 시스템이 더욱 질서정연하고 복잡해짐에 따라 **기능 정보가 증가**하게 됩니다.
* 🔧 Hazen은 커피 컵의 예를 들어 **기능 정보의 맥락적 특성과 특정 기능**을 위해 시스템이 선택되는 방식을 설명합니다.
* 🌌 '기능적 정보 증가의 법칙'의 함의는 심오하며, 시간의 화살표가 하나라는 전통적인 관점과 달리 **우주에는 목적이나 방향**이 있다는 것을 시사합니다.
* 🔮 Hazen은 이 새로운 관점이 틀릴 수도 있다는 것을 인정하지만, 틀렸다고 해도 **"매우 흥미롭다"고 생각**하며, 옳다면 **"매우 중요"**하다고 믿습니다.

밥 헤이즌은 우주의 질서와 복잡성의 증가를 지배하는 자연의 법칙, 즉 '기능적 정보 증가의 법칙'이 존재한다고 믿습니다.

I have to make a confession here. I have to be honest. We could be wrong. We could be spectacularly wrong. But it's also possible that science is missing a profound truth about the cosmos. We have these 10 or so laws of nature, only one of which currently has an arrow of time. That's the second law of thermodynamics, the increase in entropy - it's disorder; it's decay. We all grow old. We all die. But the second law doesn't explain why things evolve; why life emerges from non-life. You look around, and you see flowers bloom and trees blossom and birds sing. It seems like all of those things are counter to the idea of disorder. In fact, it's a kind of ordering of nature. So let me tell you what we think: We think there's a missing law, a second arrow of time that describes this increase in order, and we think has to do with an increase in information.

So there's two possibilities. We could just be wrong. We could be terribly
wrong, dramatically wrong. But I think, if we're wrong, we're wrong in a very interesting way. And I think, if we're right,
it's profoundly important. I'm Bob Hazen. I'm a Staff Scientist at the
Earth and Planets Laboratory of Carnegie Science in Washington, D.C. I do mineralogy, astrobiology. I love science. We think that, for some reason, there's been missing a
second arrow of time. And that arrow has to do with
an increase of information, an increase in order, an
increase of patterning that goes side by side with the
arrow of increasing disorder and increasing chaos, entropy. The core of everything
we've been thinking about, in terms of the missing law, is evolution. When I say the word evolution, you immediately think of Darwin, but this idea of selection goes much, much beyond Darwin and life.

It applies to the evolution of atoms. It applies to the evolution of minerals. It applies to the evolution of planets and atmospheres and oceans. Evolution, which we see as being an increase in diversity, of patterning, in complexity of systems through time. And so the question is, Well, what is evolution? Evolution is simply selection for function. And this applies to every kind of system. Now, in life, you select for organisms that can survive long enough that they can reproduce and have offspring that will pass on their characteristics. That's what Darwin said, and that's one very important example of selection for function. But, in the mineral world, you select for organizations, of assemblies, of structures of atoms that persist, that can last billions of years even in new environments. They don't break down. They don't dissolve. They don't weather away. It's very analogous to biological evolution, but it's different in detail.

We think there's a missing law. It's a law of evolution. And if there is a law, it has to be quantitative. It has to have a metric. You have to be able to measure something. And what we've zeroed in on is a fascinating concept about information, but not just information in general, something called 'functional information.' Let me see if I can explain this to you 'cause it took me a while to figure it out myself. Imagine a system, an evolving system that has the potential to form vast numbers of different configurations. Let's say they're atoms to make minerals, and you have dozens of different mineral-forming elements, and they can arrange themselves in all different ways. And 99.99999999 - I can keep going - percent of those configurations won't work. They will fall apart. They'll never form. A tiny, tiny fraction makes a stable mineral, and you end up with a few stable minerals.

and lots of rejects. Now, all you need to do is
think about that fraction. If it's one in a hundred
trillion, trillion, trillion, trillion
possibilities that's stable, then you can represent that
fraction as information. And because it's such
a tiny, tiny fraction, you need a lot of bits of
information to do that - that's functional information. Evolution is simply an increase
in functional information because, as you select for
better and better outcomes, you select for minerals that
are more and more stable. You select for living
things that can swim. They can fly. They can see. You need more information, and each step of the evolutionary ladder leads you to increasing
functional information. So, our law, our missing
law, the second arrow of time is called the 'Law of increasing
functional information.' And that's the parallel arrow of time that we think is out there
that we want to understand.

The idea of increasing functional information has a really profound implication. Think about the functional information of a coffee cup; you might be holding one right now. You have a bunch of atoms, and those atoms could be in trillions of trillions of trillions of different configurations, but only a tiny fraction of those configurations will hold a cup of coffee. Now, think about a coffee cup as a paperweight. I know you've used a coffee cup as a paperweight. We all have, and it's pretty good at that, but you can make a better paperweight. And a coffee cup makes a terrible screwdriver. So think about this: We're saying that the coffee cup has value as a coffee cup. It has some value as a paperweight, but it has no value as a screwdriver - that's contextual. So this is why the second arrow of time is difficult for science because it's saying there's something in the natural world

that is not absolute. It's contextual. It depends
on what your purpose is. It depends on what your function is. If it's true, what we're saying is there's something in the Universe
that is increasing order, it's increasing complexity, and it isn't doing this in a random way. It's selecting for function. And if it is, if you're
selecting for function, it means that there almost seems to be, can I use the word purpose? Do minerals have a purpose? Do atmospheres have a purpose? Does life have a purpose? To me, there's something real there, and the old way of thinking
of a single arrow of time no longer rings true to me.

This law of nature has been hidden from science – until now | Robert Hazen

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열역학 제2법칙과 함께 질서 및 정보의 증가와 관련된 자연의 잠재적 누락 법칙에 대한 제안이 있습니다.

이 새로운 아이디어는 생명의 출현과 자연의 질서 증가를 설명하여 잠재적으로 우주에 대한 우리의 이해를 확장하는 것을 목표로 합니다.

이 개념은 다윈과 생명과 관련된 전통적인 이해를 뛰어넘어 진화의 핵심과 밀접하게 연결되어 있습니다.

진화는 기능에 대한 선택에 의해 시간이 지남에 따라 시스템의 다양성과 복잡성이 증가하는 것을 말합니다.

이 개념은 원자, 광물, 심지어 행성과 대기의 형성에도 적용됩니다.

'기능 정보'라는 개념은 수많은 구성의 가능성을 가진 진화하는 시스템이 궁극적으로 몇 가지 안정적인 결과를 낳는 과정을 설명하는 핵심 개념입니다.

진화는 기능 정보의 증가로 인해 더욱 안정적이고 다양한 생명체로 이어집니다.

기능 정보라는 개념은 사물의 기능에 따른 맥락적 가치를 강조하는 심오한 의미를 담고 있습니다.

'기능 정보 증가의 법칙'은 과학에서 시간의 두 번째 화살표의 중요하면서도 도전적인 측면입니다.

우주의 질서와 복잡성이 증가한다는 개념은 절대적인 것이 아니라 목적과 기능에 따라 맥락에 따라 달라집니다.

이러한 무작위적이지 않은 질서의 증가는 기능을 위한 선택을 암시하며, 우주의 진화에 목적이 있음을 암시하여 시간의 단일 화살표에 대한 전통적인 관점에 도전합니다.