메가 시티: 영향력, 도전 과제 및 오해

메가시티 정책은 수도권 집중과 지방 소멸을 해소하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 지역 협력과 효율성을 강화하여 번영하는 지역을 만들기 위한 전략입니다. 이 정책의 실효성은 새로운 국회에서 검증될 것입니다.

### 메가시티 정책과 지역 개발 및 인구 집중에 미치는 영향
* 🏙️  메가시티 정책은 특정 시점에 인접한 도시들을 단순히 결합하는 것이 아니라 지역 협력과 연결을 강화하여 보다 효율적이고 번영하는 지역을 만드는 것을 목표로 합니다.
* 👥  이 정책은 수도권 인구 집중과 저출산 위기로 지방 소멸 시점이 빨라지고 있는 대한민국에 대한 대응책입니다.
* 📊  메가시티에 대한 금융 투자의 효과와 분산된 투자 및 허브 지역의 인구 역학을 평가하기 위한 연구 및 투자 시뮬레이션이 수행되었습니다.
* 🌱  도시재생 뉴딜사업과 같은 도시재생 프로젝트는 국가 공적 자금과 주민 참여를 통해 쇠퇴한 도시에 활력을 불어넣고 균형 발전을 이루고자 하는 사업입니다.
* 🗳️  인구 집중이 투표력에 미치는 영향과 메가시티의 본질이 잘못 전달되고 있다는 점도 강조됩니다.
* 🚆  지역 균형 발전을 목표로 한 수도권의 확장과 다른 지역의 메가시티 건설은 현재 진행 중인 정치 및 도시 개발 논의의 일부입니다.

[MUSIC] All the smart and talented people have left. The only ones left are the incompetent ones guarding the ground. Everyone is heading to Seoul due to fierce competition, delaying marriage and having fewer children. Mega cities, large urban areas, seem to be the only means of building regional dominance. Mega cities are wiping out smaller cities. Where do you think we can get a lot of votes? It's a metropolitan area. It seems too administrative. Integrating cities to form a mega city is not the purpose of a mega city, and there are no such global examples. It's a misunderstanding. [MUSIC] [MUSIC] [MUSIC] The affection is rising, the flowers bloom, and the birds sing. I miss that face, my love, please don't leave. [MUSIC] [MUSIC] This song, written and composed by her husband, Kigyun, is simple and easy with catchy lyrics and melody, captivating the public in no time.

He captured [music] [music]. It was a song made by Seoul Mayor directly asking for it [music] because of it. The 144th Mayor of Seoul, Kim Hyun-wook, who is evaluated as a mayor leading the modernization of Seoul with the nickname Bulldozer Mayor, is the protagonist. Mayor Kim Hyun-wook, who served as mayor of Seoul for four years from 1966 to 1970, wearing a helmet with the slogan Turn around, led the construction of the capital Seoul. Today, Seoul has grown into an international city with a population of over 10 million, but until the 1960s when Mayor Kim worked, Seoul was unable to properly maintain its basic infrastructure. Kim, as mayor, rapidly transformed the appearance of Seoul at an astonishing speed. Kim, who became the youngest mayor at the age of 44 among the former mayors, quickly realized that roads that can be easily accessed from the main road were essential for urban development. He drilled the land on Namsan, paved roads, and crossed the heart of the city.

We built a high overpass on the highway. The altitude is deep in the center, so it was a challenge for our engineering team to smoothly complete the foundation work. Kim Hyun-ok pushed out the disorderly planked village and built a citizen apartment complex to erase the shabby appearance of Seoul. From 1969 to 3 years later, two low-cost apartment buildings were constructed. He personally took care of everything by riding a minibus called the City Hall on the move. At that time, the Han River suffered significant damage every monsoon season. The painful memories of the Han River are being strongly pushed to be cleared out, and a 3-year plan for Han River development was established. The core of this plan was to fill up an 8 square kilometer area of the Han River with sand and build apartments on the landfill site. The plan aimed to construct a highway along the Han River and build multi-story apartments here.

Let's create a beautiful and accomplished Seoul. According to this plan, Yeouido was developed as a reclaimed land, and the Riverside Road was built. Additionally, areas such as Dongbu, Ichon-dong, Jamsil, Apgujeong, Banpo, etc., were transformed into apartment villages along the Han River, laying the foundation for the high-density Seoul. Mayor Kim, in particular, significantly changed Korean society by introducing apartments. Since their introduction in our country, it has become possible to create highly dense cities, leading to the first properly planned city on the Korean Peninsula, with an environment and population density in place. This magical situation where empty spaces turn into money further fueled the population density in Seoul. Before apartments were built, the airspace was just empty and worthless, but once apartments were constructed, those vacant spaces turned into real estate assets. Then, those who buy them...

Becoming a landlord who acquires real estate assets, whatever you buy will eventually be sold, and as long as you keep buying, the population concentration continues, so the prices go up. Eventually, we start to think of things like construction or urban space more as a concept of investment in terms of asset management. It has become a general trend in society. Seoul is big. Seoul has a population close to 10 million and simply functions as a mega city. As the population continues to increase, the area becomes denser, leading to the emergence of economies of agglomeration to a certain extent. Beyond that point, it transitions to a direct economy. I think Seoul will continue to exist. Therefore, will it evolve into a competitive and creative city, or will it continue to decline, with a decreasing population and no further growth, heading downhill? That's the question. Mayor Kimpo, please deliver the letter to the chairman last year.

In October, the People Power Party officially formalized the pursuit of Seoul's annexation of Gimpo City. Mayor Gimpo collected the opinions of the citizens, stating, If the procedure for making Seoul more convenient is initiated, we will certainly respect the opinions of Gimpo residents. Our party will actively proceed with the process of annexing Gimpo City to Seoul through party-government consultations. When the year of spring blossoms arrives, Gimpo may become Seoul. If the citizens desire, we, the People Power Party, will support it. Furthermore, the People Power Party revealed a plan to annex not only Gimpo but also surrounding cities such as Guri to Seoul, aiming to create a greater Seoul. It is time for administrative district reorganization between Seoul and Gyeonggi. Therefore, our People Power Party will pursue the annexation of Seoul's neighboring cities, including Gimpo and Guri, reflecting the desires of the residents.

Gimpo is located north and east of the Han River, with Incheon Metropolitan City to the west and Seoul to the southeast. The main reason Gimpo is pushing for integration with Seoul is the transportation issue. There is a much more natural part in the overflowing metropolitan area. When it comes under the administration, it can naturally be extended by urban railways. So, would it be beneficial for Seoul to include Gimpo? In fact, rather than using the term Seoul's inclusion, we are using the term integration. From Gimpo's perspective, integration can create an image that it is something we just want, but in reality, Seoul also needs Gimpo. Seoul currently lacks land for development. There is almost none available, but Gimpo has the potential for development, which Seoul needs.

By accommodating nearly half of the area, we believe that we can solve that. Now, with the integration of Gimpo into Seoul, there is criticism that it goes against local decentralization. What do you think about this? Since this is pursued based on the mutual understanding between the two local governments, it seems unnecessary to view it from the perspective of going against local decentralization. It seems that it should be viewed from the perspective of the two local governments cooperating with each other for their mutual needs. The announcement of Gimpo City's integration into Seoul by the People Power Party, three days after the announcement, the Bank of Korea released a report stating that the concentration in the metropolitan area is still ongoing, suggesting the need to reevaluate the policy. It seemed to be against Gimpo's integration into Seoul. The research team focused on the movement of young people aged 19 to 35 from the five major metropolitan cities to the capital area.

I analyzed and confirmed that the decreasing mobility significantly and rapidly increased from 2015 onwards. Additional analysis revealed that among the increased population in the capital area from 2015 to 2021, 78.5% were young people from non-capital regions. Conversely, in the Honam region, 87.8% of the decreased population were young people, and in Daegu-Gyeongbuk, 77.2% were young people, and in Busan and other southeastern regions, the youth accounted for 75.3% of the population decrease. Overwhelmingly, there is a large population of young people. It can be explained that about 70-80% of the total population change is due to the mobility of young people. One peculiar point we found in our research is that regardless of gender or other factors, there is a trend of young people moving to Seoul. From this perspective, we see the current situation with more concern. The Bank of Korea has confirmed one more important fact in the research process. The outflow of young people from non-capital regions.

Since 2015, when the birth rate in South Korea began to drop sharply as it started to increase steeply, it means that when people lived in areas with much less competition, they could get married, have one or two or three children, and live like that. However, after moving to the Seoul metropolitan area, due to the intense competition there, marriage is postponed, and there is an effect of having fewer children. First of all, from the perspective of young people who originally lived there, if there is no migration, they would compete with the people who were originally there. Now, young people are flocking from other regions such as Gyeongsang Province or Jeolla Province. Then, from their perspective, the number of competitors increases, so they postpone conclusions due to competition, resulting in even fewer births. [Music] [Applause] The impact of the accumulated youth migration over the past 20 years on the decrease in the number of births.

Honam was the largest with 12 people, followed by the Yeongnam region with 7,900 people, and Daegu-Gyeongbuk region with 7,200 people. Recently, it is estimated that the phenomenon of metropolitan area concentration plays an important role in the background of the serious problem of low birth rates facing our country. The concentration of young people in metropolitan areas is due to changes in the industrial structure worldwide. Since the mid-2010s, there has been an intensification of changes in the industrial structure focusing on knowledge services and then traditional industries. Consequently, it is thought that the movement of young people has become stronger in line with such changes in the industrial structure. According to a report by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, metropolitan area concentration is believed to exacerbate the low birth rate crisis, and the side effects are much more severe than known. Research teams suggest focusing investment only on regional hub cities as a solution to this issue.

I have stated that this is a refutation that solving the concentration of the capital area is the most important and urgent policy to prevent the disappearance of South Korea. A month after the Bank of Korea's report was released, the results of a study conducted by the research team at Chung-Ang University, as part of a project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, were made public. Industries, transportation, housing, land, finance, and population, these six sectors interact with each other. System dynamics were used to predict future population and analyze which policies would be most effective in preventing population decline. The fertility rate becomes the dependent variable, with other variables becoming independent variables. Therefore, various independent variables were quantitatively analyzed for their impact on this dependent variable. There have been no cases where such urban dynamic models were used to measure the effects of balanced development policies. The research team estimated that the central government would need to allocate 20 trillion won annually from 2030.

When we compared three cases of solely investing in the metropolitan area, solely in the non-metropolitan area, and finally evenly distributing investments across all regions, without using finances, the predicted population in 2060 would be 470,000. However, investing in the metropolitan area alone would increase by 790,000 people compared to this. The dispersed investment between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas resulted in 2.41 million more people. Investing only in the metropolitan area exceeded the prediction by 3.65 million people. Concentrating finances only in the non-metropolitan area was the most effective. In the case of the metropolitan area, the population has been continuously increasing for decades, making available land relatively scarce, leading to high housing prices, which in turn hinder industrial development. The research team concluded that even if finances are concentrated in the non-metropolitan area, which has grown for decades, like the metropolitan area, it would still be more beneficial.

I have come to realize that we are lacking in competitiveness. Therefore, I believe that a mega city, strongly linked to the capital, is needed. Furthermore, if the capital develops into a powerful metropolitan area that functions as a whole, it can balance the regions. Even though it may not be as large as the capital region, creating a mega city with specialized and advanced contents in the regions can help us achieve balance. Thinking at the national level, through cooperation in establishing mega cities, I believe that building such mega cities, which are large regional city zones, is not the only means. We have been considering how to establish a mega city, or a mega city, in a non-capital region to compete with the capital region. Our research team is setting up the most efficient mega city zone centered on metropolitan cities.

I have seen it. The key point is urban connectivity. There is a flow matrix of in and out traffic between regions. By looking at that matrix, we can see how many people are going from the origin to the destination in numbers. With these numbers, we can create a link. So, if area A and area B are combined into one zone, it means that there is a large population moving between area A and area B. If there is a large population moving back and forth, it means there is a high correlation. In statistical analysis, we combine areas with high correlations into the same zone. Using this method, when analyzing the Busan-Gyeongnam area, Busan, Ulsan, and Changwon, Gimhae, and eight counties in Gyeongsangnam-do were grouped into a mega city. A notable point is that Pohang City in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongju City were included. In Daegu-Gyeongbuk, Daegu Metropolitan City, Gumi, Gyeongsan, and six cities and counties in Gyeongsangbuk-do, including Geochang County, were included. In the Gwangju-Jeonnam area, Gwangju Metropolitan City...

In the case of Jeonnam, including Mokpo and Naju cities, it was possible to create a mega city with nine counties. In the Daejeon-Chungcheong area, it includes Daejeon Metropolitan City, Sejong Special Autonomous City, and four counties in Chungbuk including Cheongju City. In Chungnam, Gongju and four other cities and counties were connected as a mega city. The research team designated Sokcho, Chuncheon, and Gangneung in Gangwon Province, some cities in Chungbuk and Gyeongbuk, and major cities such as Jeonju, Jinju, Tongyeong, and Yeosu as separate regions. These cities, although not urgent, were judged to be able to enhance the efficiency of small and medium-sized city connections. When we analyze our national land planning, there are metropolitan areas that operate on a large scale and those that operate on a smaller scale. This is determined by which region shares infrastructure for intercity connections. Clustering is important, but more importantly, it depends on how we collaborate through such connections.

Can you do business? The content is important. I don't have a driver's license, so I use public transportation. When I do, I see a structure. The key point I see is where the transportation network is. It's not just about the railroad, but how people move through that transportation network. You can understand that there is a lot of interest in expanding the living area through that transportation network. Dr. Kim Deok is a scholar who studies cities. As I travel around the country, especially using public transportation, I observe that citizens mainly gather around transportation networks. I noticed that high-rise mixed-use buildings and apartments are being built around KTX Cheonan Asan Station. They are making a lake in front of the apartments on that bridge. People gather in BULDANG District. Among the people living here, an average of 26 people take the KTX to Seoul every day.

[Music] Hello, I'm Seo Ji-yeon. When we talk about Seoul, it's not so much about whether it's Seoul or not, but rather the importance of moving to Seoul Station and Sani Station as key points. Here, it is more Seoul-like than many other areas in Seoul. The research team at Chung-Ang University analyzed the connectivity of the Seoul Capital Area and found that most cities in Incheon and Gyeonggi Province are integrated into a mega city. It is noteworthy that Cheonan and Asan, ranked second in Gangwon Province and South Jeolla Province, are also included in the Seoul Capital Area mega city. Our train is bound for Dongtan. This is the beginning of a faster urban economic life, the eagerly awaited metropolitan high-speed railway of the capital region. The GTX era of South Korea will begin on March 30, 2024. Last month, the GTXA section of the capital region's metropolitan high-speed railway, from Suseo to Dongtan, was opened, shortening the distance between Dongtan in Gyeonggi Province and Suseo in Seoul by 20 minutes.

By 2030, the GTXB and C lines are scheduled to be opened. When we reevaluate the size of the Seoul Capital Area around that time, what results will we see? Experts believe that the Seoul Capital Area could expand to include significant regions in Gangwon Province and Chungcheong Province. The Dongbuga Megacity Special Union has been launched. The Buhlgyeong Special Union, established in April 2022, is being recognized as our country's first megacity to contain the expanding capital area. After the local elections in 2018, Governor Kim Kyung-soo of Gyeongsangnam-do at the time, took the lead in promoting the establishment of a megacity centered around Busan, as a new special autonomous entity that went through legal procedures, not just a simple merger of local governments. Through the special union, it is said to encompass 120 metropolitan government offices around the world.

I have decided on [music], a total of 27 people, and will form the Busan Special Union Council. That's the core of it. Next, the group leader rotates, taking turns for 1 year and 6 months each. However, two months later, Park Wan-soo, who was elected as the governor of Gyeongsangnam-do, and Kim Du-gyeom, the mayor of Ulsan, began to express negative opinions, leading to difficulties in the Special Union. There is no way to force a decision by February. So, the regions are autonomous, the establishment is autonomous, and even the abolishment is autonomous. Initially, the three regions had slightly different perspectives on the mega city they had. Overall, there was a lack of urgency among them. It's not just Busan that benefits, there were such perspectives. Secondly, it's now a matter of money. Each person has their own money.

So, each of Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam maintains its own budget separately, while bringing in money from the central government to cooperate. Therefore, they have established a special alliance organization, but there will inevitably be conflicts over how to actually use that money. The Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam metropolitan government abolished the metropolitan alliance, but has been operating a council called the Super Metropolitan Economic Alliance since March last year. The special alliance now has a legal basis and has been launched through regulations. This administrative body, our economic alliance, has been reborn as a more flexible organization through agreements with city mayors. It is focused on fostering new industries, building infrastructure that can compete with the capital region within an hour, and enhancing cultural tourism, which is somewhat lacking compared to the capital area.

In order to provide benefits that citizens can directly feel in the field of health and medical care, such projects are being pursued. In a study submitted to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport by a research team at Chung-Ang University, the results of experimenting with the effects of financial investment in the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam region were included. The target of the investment was limited to companies that would retain the youth in fields such as transportation and new industries. When roads and railways are provided, the probability of companies settling there increases, as companies cannot ignore logistics. Through such a metropolitan transportation network, various effects that promote collaboration among dispersed companies in different regions and attract talents can help business activities. When companies settle, it also has the effect of attracting populations. The research team then assessed the scale of finances.

I analyzed six scenarios in which transportation is dispersed throughout the region or concentrated in hubs using system dynamics technique. My research team hypothesized that the effectiveness would differ when evenly distributing infrastructure across all areas, not just focusing on hubs. In extreme cases where the population is sparse, the efficiency of investing in regional infrastructure such as roads or cultural and sports facilities may vary greatly compared to investing in densely populated areas. Following that, we first selected to invest in Gwangju Metropolitan City to observe the Gwangju phenomenon, based on the centrality index. A high centrality index indicates that the area is very active with people coming and going. Then, we look at how active the coming and going of people is, compared to the whole country, focusing on that particular area.

When we did it, we used a lot of the daily basis, so we researched 15 districts in Busan and one county according to whether it exceeded 1%. As a result, seven districts including Haeundae, Busanjin, etc., in Busan, and Gijang county, a total of eight places were selected as potential hub areas. Among the 15 districts and one county in Busan, only Nam-gu and Buk-gu in Ulsan were applicable. In Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju city was applicable, and in the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam area, a total of 14 hub areas were identified. The research team conducted financial investment simulations for 30 years starting from 2030. The expected population difference for dispersed investment was significant. For an investment of 1.2 trillion won, approximately 250,000 people were projected, for 2.4 trillion won, around 610,000 people, and for 4.8 trillion won, approximately 970,000 people. The effect of investing in hubs was significant. Various local governments in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon are closely connected. However, in local areas, such connections are weak. It is necessary to confirm where the hubs are located within the region.

Strengthening the core of the mega-city strategy is crucial to emphasize the connection with the stronghold. Gongchang-eupseong, also known as the shape village, in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, is facing depopulation and high-risk areas despite being famous for Pungcheon trout. In 2019, the urban regeneration New Deal project began in Muyangseong Village, which has been struggling. They repaired old walls and roofs and renovated roads in the shape of a pattern. This regeneration project is the first step in this direction. Looking at the walls now, they are all like this. These walls are three-layered, a traditional three-layered wall from the old days. Our ancestors built these, but they have collapsed due to lack of maintenance. This time, as part of the regeneration project, they were repaired for free. The accommodation facilities made in hanok style are in the village.

Residents operate a socially cooperative association. If it weren't for the historical value, the area would have been designated as a cultural heritage and left undeveloped. If it remains like that, it will almost disappear. Young people will move to the city, leaving only the elderly. Without such people, young people won't appear, and the area will face extinction. This is where the opportunity to revitalize the village comes in. Urban regeneration projects are being carried out in conjunction with the village in Gochang-eup traditional market area. The building, originally a Japanese building, was purchased and renovated inside to prepare a cafe. Eight village residents will run this cafe. Due to various difficulties, they decided to simply run a cafe. Changing reality. They are planning to set up a stage in the cafe like this.

In this way, to make it a modern cafe, we are planning to renovate the facilities and start operations from May this year. The Urban Regeneration New Deal project, which aims to revitalize declining cities with the power of residents, began in 2017. The project was focused on developing areas where private investment was not being made through national public funds. It aimed to employ young people living in the area so that they could participate in planning the village as if they were new residents. The goal was to achieve balanced development through this. Hundreds of places were selected each year, and over 30 trillion won was invested by 2022. Approximately 260 billion won was allocated to two villages in Gochang. However, the new government judged that the results were minimal and decided to halt the project altogether.

I have made the corrections. Will it be possible for residents to participate quickly even if I go to the mayor? It takes a long time from getting education to involve and gather opinions together for an agreement. But it is evaluated in 5 years. Will this evaluation be valid? It is a center for the shape village residents, for their beloved harmony. The Village Cooperative has prepared a restaurant on the first floor and a cafe on the second floor for profit business, but they have not opened the door yet. Because it requires expertise, it cannot be done by the villagers alone; experts are needed. Various facilities that have been created for this purpose are just being left unattended. Continuity is needed, and if we nurture more professionals, even packaging that, then our country's cooperative village businesses will all do well.

I really think it's difficult to survive. The commuting problem of Kimpo City's enterprises caused strong opposition in the Doamesi area. The moment they head to the metropolitan mega city, the local youth will inevitably leak out even more. Even if they build any airport or infrastructure, it is difficult to produce meaningful results. The metropolitan mega city has expanded to a nationwide mega city. Seoul is growing into a mega city axis connecting Seoul, Busan, and Gangju, and further connecting Daejeon and Daegu, such a super mega city can be realized. We will do our best to make it happen. Local governments such as Daejeon Chungcheong and Gwangju Jeonnam, which are already preparing for the mega city, are speeding up, and Daegu Gyeongbuk, which had suspended administrative integration discussions, has started to mention the mega city again. Operating an economic alliance.

In Gyeonge-do, the revival of Mega City was mentioned. We will revive the Mega City in Boryeong and create a new growth momentum for Gyeongnam. The government has started preparations to reflect four Mega City projects as part of the central university research zone. However, for people like the residents of Gochang-gun village who are facing the threat of extinction, Mega City appears to be just another policy that will change again. They feel a lot of alienation. In this era where everyone is concentrated in certain aspects of life due to policies, it feels like rural areas are being neglected. I felt a lot of pressure because policies seem to focus too much on visible things. In fact, Mega City is vaguely known as a city that selfishly aims to grow by developing itself and enjoying more benefits.

It seems like I can't see anything outside. I think that the current population concentration in the capital region is causing concerns to the extent that it may lead to policy imbalances. [Music] There is a situation where the voting power is significantly increasing in the capital region, so it may become even more difficult for us to implement policies that consider non-capital regions when the central government or politicians make decisions. If you want to become a ruling party, what should you gain? You should gain votes, right? Where can you gain a lot of votes? In densely populated cities. Is the government approaching the issue of local extinction with such urgency, or is it just thinking that it would be enough to show some interest because there are some voters there as well? I would like to think that it is not the latter. This time, during the general election process, it was mentioned.

The essence of Mega City has been miscommunicated, and experts agree on this. Just combining areas does not create a Mega City. It seems too administrative. Integrating Mega City is not about creating districts by combining adjacent cities at a specific time, which is not the purpose of a Mega City, and there are no such cases globally. It is a misunderstanding. Creating a Mega City means that by slightly enhancing the loose connections existing within a region, the region can function as efficiently as one city. The strategy is to create a region that functions like a large city by clustering, connecting, and promoting regional cooperation. Therefore, the Mega City region is an area where rural areas, small cities, and large cities can coexist and thrive together. Last year's total fertility rate was...

0.72 대한민국의 소멸 시점은 더 빨라지고 있습니다. 메가시티 정책이 수도권 집중을 해소하고 지방 소멸과 저출산 위기를 극복하는 해법이 될지 여부는 다음달 출범할 22대 국회와 함께 시험대에 오릅니다. PBS.

The extinction point of South Korea is accelerating. Whether the mega-city policy will be a solution to resolve the concentration in the capital area, overcome local extinction, and the low birth rate crisis will be tested with the inauguration of the 22nd National Assembly next month. PBS.

대한민국 공간재배치 '메가시티' 시나리오 [풀영상] | 창 462회 (KBS 24.04.16)

다큐멘터리부터 대담까지, 당신이 알아야 할 모든 시사 이슈 

KBS 기자들이 만드는 시사 프로그램의 공식 통합 채널 [KBS시사] 입니다.

기자들이 만드는 시사 다큐멘터리 [시사기획 창] : (화) 밤 10시
티비와 유튜브를 넘나드는 신개념 중편시사물 [9층시사국] : (토) 밤 10시 25분
대한민국의 오늘을 읽는 [사사건건] : (월-금) 오후 4시
품격 있는 시사 대담 [일요진단 라이브] : (일) 아침 8시

KBS뉴스를 이야기로 만나는 [KBS시사], 
여러분의 '좋아요'와 '구독'이 기자들을 더욱 뛰게 만듭니다.



KBS시사

김현욱 시장이 이끄는 서울의 변화

김현욱 시장은 1960년대 서울의 인프라와 외관을 빠르게 현대화했습니다.

그는 도로 건설에 주력하고 아파트 단지를 건설했으며 한강변 개발을 주도해 한국 사회에 큰 영향을 미쳤습니다.

그가 도입한 아파트는 빈 공간을 가치 있는 부동산 자산으로 탈바꿈시켜 도시의 인구 밀집도와 투자 트렌드를 촉진했습니다.

피플파워당의 김포시 서울 병합 추진 계획

국민의당은 행정구역 개편의 필요성과 발전 가능성을 이유로 더 큰 서울을 만들기 위해 김포시와 주변 도시들의 통합을 적극 추진하고 있다.

통합이 김포시와 서울시에 모두 이익이 될 것이라고 주장하며 상호 협력을 강조하며 비판 여론에 대응하고 있다.

하지만 한국은행 보고서는 젊은 층의 수도권 인구 이동이 크게 증가하고 있다며 수도권 집중 현상이 지속될 것이라는 우려를 제기했습니다.

청년 이주가 한국의 저출산에 미치는 영향

청년들의 수도권 집중은 경쟁 심화, 결혼 연기, 출산 감소로 이어지고 있습니다.

산업 구조의 변화로 인한 청년층의 수도권 집중은 한국의 저출산 위기를 더욱 악화시키고 있습니다.

비수도권 지역에 투자를 집중하는 것이 인구 감소를 막고 저출산 문제를 해결하는 가장 효과적인 해결책이 될 수 있다는 연구 결과가 나왔습니다.

수도와 연결된 메가시티의 필요성

수도권과 밀접하게 연결된 메가시티는 경쟁력을 높이고 지역 간 균형을 맞출 수 있는 방안으로 여겨집니다.

연구팀은 교통 및 인구 이동의 흐름 매트릭스를 사용하여 여러 지역에서 이러한 메가시티를 식별하고 조성하고 있습니다.

교통망의 발달과 그 주변에 인구가 집중되는 것이 이 도시 계획 전략의 핵심 요소입니다.

수도권의 확장과 메가시티의 형성

인천, 경기도, 강원도, 충청도의 도시를 아우르는 수도권이 확장되고 있습니다.

동부가 메가시티 특별연합, 부울경 특별연합과 같은 메가시티 설립은 리더십과 의사결정 측면에서 도전에 직면하고 있습니다.

부산-울산-경남 광역자치단체는 신산업과 인프라 개발에 집중하면서 자율적인 예산 편성 및 재정 협력을 모색하고 있습니다.

지역 인프라에 대한 금융 투자의 영향

중앙대학교 연구팀은 부산-울산-경남 지역의 청년 유지와 기업 유치를 위해 교통과 신산업을 중심으로 재정 투자의 효과를 연구했습니다.

이 연구는 시뮬레이션을 통해 분산 투자와 거점 투자에 따른 인구 차이를 예측하고, 지역 내 연계성 강화의 필요성을 강조했습니다.

또한 도시재생 뉴딜의 일환으로 무양성 마을 재생 사업을 통해 기반시설 개보수, 숙박시설 확충 등을 통해 지역 활성화를 도모하고 있습니다.

고창읍의 한 전통 마을은 젊은이들이 도시로 떠나고 노인들만 남으면서 소멸 위기에 처해 있습니다.

이 지역을 활성화하기 위해 마을 주민 8명이 역사적인 건물을 현대식 카페로 개조하는 도시 재생 프로젝트가 진행 중입니다.

하지만 이 프로젝트는 난관에 부딪혔고 정부는 프로젝트를 전면 중단하기로 결정하면서 마을의 존립에 대한 우려로 이어졌습니다.

그럼에도 불구하고 마을을 개발하여 한국의 여러 주요 도시를 연결하는 더 큰 메가시티 축으로 통합하려는 노력은 계속되고 있습니다.

잘못 알려진 경상도의 메가시티 정책

보령의 메가시티 부활은 경남의 성장을 목표로 하고 있지만, 지방의 소외와 우려를 낳고 있습니다.

수도권에 지나치게 치중해 비수도권의 요구를 외면한 정책이라는 비판을 받고 있다.

전문가들은 메가시티의 진정한 본질은 지역 간 협력과 효율을 도모해 저출산과 지방 소멸을 해결하는 데 있다고 주장한다.