미국 고용 시장의 기술 격차 신화

### 기술 격차의 신화: 미국 고용 시장의 과제 풀기
* 📊 현재 미국에는 **820만 개의 일자리가** 있고 약 **700만 명이 적극적으로 일자리를 찾고** 있지만, 많은 기업이 적합한 후보자를 찾지 못한다고 말합니다.
* 🔍 흔히 인용되는 '기술 격차'는 이러한 단절을 설명하며 **구직자의 기술이 직무 요구사항과 일치하지 않다**는 것을 암시하지만, 이 이야기는 대부분 조작된 이야기입니다.
* 👷 예를 들어, 20세의 예수 베가스는 **미국인의 87%가 커리어 전반에 걸쳐 새로운 기술이 필요할 것**으로 예상한다는 점을 강조하며 고급 건설 기술을 교육하고 있습니다.
* 📉 연구에 따르면 **실업률이 높을 때 직업에 필요한 기술이 증가**하며, 이는 기업이 **기술 격차를 채용 관행과 임금 제안을 정당화**하는 편리한 구실로 삼는다는 것을 시사합니다.
* 💰 기술 격차의 신화로 인해 기업들은 **IT 헬프 데스크 직무에 필요한 프로그래밍**과 같이 광고된 기술이 불필요한 경우가 많은데도 높은 기술 요구 사항을 주장하며 낮은 임금을 제시할 수 있습니다.
* 🏥 간호나 교육과 같은 많은 어려운 일자리는 **기술 부족이 아니라 경쟁력 있는 임금을 제공하지 않아 숙련된 근로자들이 더 쉽고 보수가 좋은 일자리를 찾아 떠나는 경우**가 많습니다.
* 🌍 기술 격차 이야기는 또한 임금을 억제하면서 **기업에 혜택을 주는 재교육 프로그램과 이민 정책**을 추진하는 등 정치권과 기업의 이익에도 부합합니다.
* 📈 기업 교육 시장이 **2035년까지 8,000억 달러 이상**으로 성장할 것으로 예상되는 가운데, 기술 격차 신화는 미국 근로자들을 희생시키면서 노동 시장 정책을 계속 형성하고 있습니다.

기술 격차 신화는 고용 시장의 더 심각한 문제를 가려 기업이 낮은 임금과 높은 직무 요구 사항을 정당화할 수 있게 합니다.

There are 8.2 million job openings in America right now and around 7 million people actively looking for a job. There are also millions of Americans who have simply given up on even trying to look for a job, but still, companies are complaining that they can't get the people they need. There is one reason that has been used time and time again to explain all of this: a range of companies are looking at how to close the skills gap. Skills gap, just a skill gap, skills gap, skills gap, yep, the skills gap. There are people looking for work and jobs on offer, but the skills of those people and the requirements of the jobs just don't line up. It's a simple, elegant explanation to a major problem, but it's also almost entirely made up. 20-year-old Jesus Vegas is in the second year of his training. He's building a career in advanced construction technology. Today's income gap is largely a skills gap. 87% of Americans said that they are going to need

to get skills and new training throughout their work life. It's really remarkable. The skills gap, also known as a skill shortage or just good old structural unemployment, is a convenient excuse for a lot of major issues in today's job market that are often swept under the rug by businesses, politicians, and even economic statistics. If a hospital is hiring a doctor, but the only person in town looking for a job has a degree in computer science, then obviously that role is not going to be filled regardless of how much time and effort the applicant has put into their education. The argument that you would have seen is that the same problem is playing out everywhere across the world, which is why even if companies claim to be desperate to hire people, you might struggle to find a job. The whole argument conveniently shifts the blame of any labor market problems onto the workers because they are the ones that haven't trained the right skills or developed the right experience. The first problem with this idea, though, is how the problem of the skills

Gap quietly slips away during the good times. Research published by economists from Harvard, Northern University, and the Federal Reserve found a striking relationship between unemployment and the experience that employers look for in their candidates. The team collected data on over 36 million job postings over 3 years, and what they found was that the skills and experience required was almost directly proportional to the unemployment rate. In plain English, what this meant was that when there were lots of people looking for a job, all of a sudden, the skills requirement for roles became a lot higher. And this is when people will start complaining about a skills gap. But when unemployment is lower and there aren't that many people applying for jobs, suddenly the skills gap isn't such a big problem, and companies are happy to hire whoever they can get. Now, as long as they aren't discriminating based on protected classes, companies can basically hire whoever they want and ask for whatever skills they can if unemployment is high, and they can be greedy.

with their job requirements, that's just business. But the problem is the myth of the skills gap is used to justify a lot of bad stuff. The first is simply lower wages. If companies post a position with high skill requirements and they don't get any applicants that meet their unreasonably high bar, they can go back to the best applicant with a lower salary and benefit offer than advertised, pointing out the gaps in their skills as a reason for the lower offer. This is just basic salary negotiation tactics, but the myth of the skills gap makes it easier for companies to get away with this. A report by MIT found that most jobs advertised in America ask for skills like programming that were actually not required to perform the job. They looked specifically at IT help desk technicians that deal with computers. So, most companies ask for programming skills. The thing is though, most IT help desk techs don't actually use programming for anything. But a lot of companies just assume that computers equal code and so make it a job requirement.

report actually found that programming was just as useful in manufacturing plants as it was in IT help desk work. But factory machine operators were far more likely to get on-the-job training on how to program their machines than IT workers who are just assumed to know how to code. But lower wages are far from the worst thing that the myth of the skills gap has been used to push for. It's also been an incredible tool for lobbying on migration policy, education funding, and workplace protections. These are worth looking at one by one because you are probably going to start hearing a lot of familiar sound bites. So, it's time to learn how money works to find out how the myth of the skills gap helps everyone but you. This week's video is sponsored by Surfshark. Surfshark is a powerful VPN that keeps your online activity secure and private, whether you're browsing at home or using public Wi-Fi. Surfshark ensures your personal information stays hidden from prying eyes with

surf shark. You can bypass Geo restrictions and access content from all over the world. Plus, you get unlimited device connections under one account, so your entire household can stay protected. I've been using surf shark for a while now, and it's made streaming my favorite shows while traveling so much easier. No more annoying ads or slowdowns, just seamless viewing from anywhere. On top of that, surf shark also blocks malware and trackers, adding an extra layer of security to your online experience. Secure your privacy with surfshark. Enter coupon code money for 4 months extra at Surf shark.com for/ money. If there was actually a supply of good-paying jobs available to people that were going unfilled because of the skills gap, then the traditional market assumption would be that people would retrain to fill those roles to increase their income and job security. But that isn't happening because there are problems with every part of this assumption. The first problem is that a lot of the jobs we have a skills gap for here in America don't actually

pay that well. According to a report by the Society of Resource Management, the hardest roles to fill currently include jobs like nursing, teaching, the trades, and social service work. Most jobs in these roles do not pay enough to support a comfortable life in a major city, especially for entry-level employees in the roles. The trades can be great, but apprentice tradesmen are not going to earn much until they are fully qualified, and even then, they need to work significant overtime or own their own business to make a comfortable salary in most parts of the country. Even still, they are going to be better off than teachers and nurses, who not only need a college degree where they won't be paid anything, they also need on-the-job training before they are earning anything at all. That's on top of reports about extreme job stress, brutal work schedules, and the general lack of respect these roles receive. Putting your career on hold, spending tens of thousands of dollars on a college degree, and dealing with difficult patients or often dangerous patients or children is not

that enticing to Americans who would consider a career switch because the income for these roles hasn't risen in line with the demand. There is not a skill shortage; there is just a shortage of people who want to do difficult jobs for bad pay. People in these roles who already have the skills to perform the job at a high level are leaving because it's just not worth making the sacrifices necessary when there are easier jobs that pay just as much or more. A counterexample to this trend was the rush to train computer science professionals. The tech industry in the 2000s was expanding rapidly, and we didn't have enough coders to perform roles that actually needed programming skills. The allure of high-paying, respected jobs with a good work-life balance meant a lot of very smart people moved into that career path to fill the skills gap because there was a real reward for doing so. Now there are actually too many qualified programmers, and as the tech

industry has cooled down. Hundreds of thousands of people have been laid off just 5 years ago, though they would have been told that there isn't enough programmers and companies are hiring whoever they can as fast as they can. So, the assumption that empty jobs are just waiting to be filled and the only thing standing in the way is the skills gap can be a bit dangerous. But the final piece of the puzzle is how profitable fixing this myth can be. Politicians can win some easy political points by talking about retraining programs, and companies can push the responsibility of staff training onto their workers or those government programs. The market research firm Allied Market Research values the corporate training market at over $361 billion, with it projected to grow to over $800 billion by 2035. That's a major industry just by itself, and it relies heavily on people believing that they are just one qualification away from landing a job that is just desperate to find.

the right worker. This industry is separate from traditional colleges and trade schools, but you already know what a mess that whole thing is. The skills gap has been a major lobbying tool by companies to push for this kind of training. Siemens, an industrial equipment manufacturer, paid for an article in the Atlantic talking directly to policymakers that the apprenticeships were the secret to closing the skills gap. Apprenticeships are actually great, but the reason that Siemens was paying to publish this article is that it would give them a new pool of skilled workers to pick from, not because they wanted to help out with labor force policies. And this is where you get to the most controversial part of the skills gap: it's used to justify immigration. Now, this is obviously a heated topic that everybody has their own set of opinions on, but it is possible to advocate for more careful and deliberate immigration policies without going full they took our jobs. The skills gap has been used to push for a lot of skilled migration, which has

arguably gone too far in America but has been even more obvious in places like Canada, the UK, Australia, Germany, and New Zealand. The reason companies like this is because it lets them fill roles without putting upward pressure on salaries, and more people means more customers to sell products to. If the skills gap is front and center around these sensitive issues, it makes it easier for policy to be handwaved through as an essential measure to keep the country functioning. Here in America, H1B and EB3 skilled working visas are the most common way to get in workers who fill skilled roles that can't be filled by an American. They come with a strict set of rules to make sure that American workers are not disadvantaged by new foreign hires, but if job requirements are kept unreasonably high to make an artificial skills gap, it becomes easier to hire workers from overseas who will be dependent on that company sponsorship to stay in America. Who do

you think is more likely to be a loyal employee. Now there are people who disagree with this. A smaller channel called the Market Exit did a great video a few months ago on a politically incorrect view of migration, specifically in Europe. I don't always agree with everything he says, but I think it's essential to hear our conflicting arguments. At the very least, his videos deserve way more attention than what they are getting. So instead of shamelessly plugging myself, I recommend that you go and check out his video. I will shamelessly plug my newsletter, though. This week we are publishing an article on the people who can't afford to retire, but they are doing it anyways. So make sure to sign up to that so you can keep on learning how money works.

The Insidious Myth of the "Skills Gap"

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현재 미국에는 820만 개의 일자리가 있지만 구직자의 기술이 요구 사항과 일치하지 않는 경우가 많아 기술 격차가 발생하고 있습니다.

이러한 기술 격차 이론은 노동 시장 문제를 설명하는 데 사용되지만, 연구 결과에 따르면 이 이론은 근로자에게 책임을 전가하는 데 편리합니다.

실업률과 필요한 기술 간의 관계는 실업률이 높을수록 기술 요구 사항이 증가하여 기술 격차가 일관된 문제라는 개념에 도전하는 놀라운 결과를 보여줍니다.

기술 격차의 신화는 기업들이 낮은 임금과 불합리하게 높은 직무 요구 사항을 정당화하기 위해 사용합니다.

MIT의 한 보고서에 따르면 특히 IT 헬프 데스크 기술자 채용 공고에서 불필요한 프로그래밍 기술을 요구하는 경우가 많다고 합니다.

또한 이민 정책, 교육 기금, 직장 보호를 위한 로비에도 이 신화가 사용되어 근로자에게 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

충원하기 어려운 일자리를 채우기 위한 노력

현재 가장 충원하기 어려운 직종은 간호, 교육, 무역, 사회 서비스 분야로, 대도시에서 편안한 생활을 영위하기 어려운 초급 직종입니다.

이러한 분야의 견습 기술자와 전문가는 낮은 임금과 힘든 근무 일정에 직면해 있어 이러한 고된 직종에 도전할 의향이 있는 인재가 부족합니다.

반면, 기술 업계는 일과 삶의 균형이 잘 잡힌 고임금, 존경받는 직업으로 인해 자격을 갖춘 전문가가 급증하여 프로그래머 공급 과잉이 발생했습니다.

기술 업계는 프로그래머가 절실히 필요하다는 이전 이야기에도 불구하고 많은 해고와 함께 상당한 침체를 겪었습니다.

3,610억 달러가 넘는 기업 교육 시장은 하나의 자격증이 취업으로 이어질 수 있다는 믿음에 힘입어 2035년까지 8,000억 달러 규모로 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다.

기술 격차는 지멘스 같은 기업들이 교육 프로그램과 숙련 이민을 추진하는 데 중요한 로비 수단으로 사용되어 왔으며, 노동력 정책에 대한 논쟁을 불러일으키고 있습니다.

미국 및 기타 국가의 기업들은 임금 상승 압력을 피하기 위해 숙련된 직무를 담당할 외국인 근로자를 점점 더 많이 고용하고 있습니다.

이러한 직원을 채용하는 데 일반적으로 H1B 및 EB3 비자가 사용되지만, 높은 직무 요건으로 인해 인위적인 기술 격차가 발생할 수 있습니다.

취업 비자에 대한 회사 후원에 대한 의존도는 직원 충성도를 높일 수 있는 반면, 이민 정책에 대한 상반된 견해가 주목을 받고 있습니다.