어글리 인디언: 시민의 책임에 대한 요구

### 어글리 인디언 운동: 익명으로 공공장소를 변화시키다
* 🚯 익명의 연사인 아나믹 나그릭은 다른 분야의 발전에도 불구하고 **인도가 거리의 오물을 용인하는 이유**에 대해 의문을 제기합니다.
* 🇮🇳 연사는 **"나는 세금도 내고 투표도 하니까 내 문제가 아니다"**라는 일반적인 사고방식이 청결의 가장 큰 장애물이라고 강조합니다.
* 💡 어글리 인디언 무브먼트는 **도덕화나 강연 없이 작고 효과적인 개입**을 통해 대중의 행동을 변화시키는 데 중점을 둡니다.
* 🏗 침을 뱉지 못하도록 **벽에 빨간 띠를 칠하고, 위험한 보행로를 고치고, 혁신적인 도난 방지 쓰레기통**을 만드는 것 등이 그 예입니다.
* 👥 이 운동은 변화를 주도하기 위해 개인의 행동과 **'캄찰루, 무반드'(오직 일만 하고 말하지 않는다)**를 강조합니다.
* 📊 방갈로르에서 **400개 이상의 장소가 90%의 생존율**로 변화되어 이 접근법의 효과를 입증했습니다.
* 🌐 이 운동은 **인도 전역의 30~40개 도시**로 확산되었으며, 팀들은 익명으로 일하고 개인의 인정보다는 결과에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다.
* 🚶 연사는 방갈로르의 TEDx 자원 봉사자들이 최근 실시한 **현장 수리**를 소개하며 모두가 각자의 거리에서 행동에 나설 것을 독려하며 마무리합니다.

어글리 인디언 운동은 시민들이 집단 행동과 책임감을 통해 공공 공간을 변화시킬 수 있도록 힘을 실어줍니다.

Transcriber: Helena Bowen. Reviewer: Denise RQ. Don't let my mask scare you. I'm just trying to stay anonymous. My name is Anamik Nagrik. I'm a proud Indian, and I have one problem with my country. And the problem is: why is India so filthy? I've traveled outside India, in neighboring countries in Asia. My friends have been to Africa, and we can all agree on one thing: in India, we tolerate filth on our streets. But why? We can send a rocket to Mars, but we can't fix this problem. Why do we keep our houses clean and our streets dirty? Even McDonald's has come to Bangalore. It's cleaning the steps of its outlet, but you can see how dirty it is outside. They're either incapable or unwilling to fix what's outside. So what's the problem? Why are we like this? And I think all of us in this audience know the answer: It's not my problem.

I pay tax. I vote. Isn't that enough? What more should I do? Some of you will say: OK. I want to fix it. I don't even know how to start! Let me take you to dream land. In dream land, there is no corruption. The government is strong. Our budget goes up ten times. Do you think our cities will be clean? What do you think? The answer is no. I think we all realize it's not about money or systems. It is about us as a people. Look at this picture. Can someone shout out: which city is this from? Look closely, look at the furniture. Can you guess? Shout out. Which city is this? It's not Bangalore. Look closely again. There's a clue out here, the Bank of India. The other clue is that it's very poorly maintained. There are paan stains everywhere. This is a restaurant. It is Singapore, and it is Little India in Singapore.

And what does this tell us about us? What is Singapore's brand image? Cleanliness, it is a fine city, they enforce laws, they are very affluent. They care about their look. But when a group of Indians lives in one neighborhood, we seem to bring down the civic standards. We can beat the world's best systems. I would like to say, and I'm an Indian, we are the undisputed world champions of public filth. Why do we need a policeman when we have a traffic light? Because we are a society that doesn't like to follow rules. In Bangalore, dustbins are not allowed. You are expected to keep your garbage at home until the collector comes, but it doesn't seem to work. So one neighborhood in Bangalore, Indiranagar, said, Let's put dustbins. So they put dustbins and see what happened. We don't like to follow rules, so all the garbage is outside the dustbins.

Now this is the problem with us as a society: We all need to admit that we are all Ugly Indians and, more importantly, only we can save us from ourselves. As long as we're emotional about it, we won't solve it. Do you think there is any hope? What do you all think? A lot of people have given up; they leave the country, they stay in gated communities. But some people said, No, let us try and fix this problem in an Indian way by understanding the Indian psychology. So social experiments began on Church Street in Bangalore in 2010. Here, the idea was simple: Let us understand Indian behavior from the point of view of culture, behavioral psychology. Let's see what it takes to make an Ugly Indian change. But most importantly, without him or her realizing it. We don't like to be told what to do. We have to be fooled into improving our behavior.

Can we nudge an Ugly Indian towards better behavior in public spaces? You may have heard of the Broken Window Theory, which says that if a place is ugly, it becomes uglier. If a place is beautiful, it commands respect. There's another theory in economics called the Tragedy of the Commons, which means we care for our private spaces; we don't care about our public spaces. India is the perfect example of both these theories in action. This is Koramangala. That lady is throwing garbage on the road in a beautiful, upscale neighborhood. Why is she doing it? Because someone has already thrown before. What can we do to make her change her behavior without her knowing it? This is a typical example of civic problems in India: Paan stains on the wall. This is on the wall of Deccan Herald Newspaper. It has been like this forever. Because there are paan stains, people urinate on it.

Nobody walks on that footpath. A few people sat and observed it and tried an experiment. This is what they did: they painted the wall, they painted a red band at the bottom, they put some flower pots, and incredibly, there were no more paan stains on that wall. And why? Because the person spitting paan is trying his best to be clean. He chooses to spit into the pot. If he by mistake spits into the corner, the red color masks it. Once people stopped spitting, people actually go on the footpath. It works. There are dozens of walls in Bangalore with the red band at the bottom that has taken an Indian solution to apply to an Indian problem. This is very common; this is Indiranagar. The young schoolboy is facing a death trap. We see this very often. Have you never seen a death trap? Bangalore is full of death traps. The little boy has to walk around.

Look at that footpath. If you ask the residents, they have complained for years. Nothing has happened. Three people said, Let's fix it. This is what they did. They actually went and fixed the footpath. It has remained fixed for 6 months. What's the message? If you see a problem, go fix it. Nobody stops you. You can actually make a change. Don't waste your time complaining. Litter bins are a problem. Why? They can look like animals, they're made of fiberglass, they catch fire with cigarettes, some litter bins are rusting, they're falling underground. Don't litter bins look so dirty that they actually bring down the aesthetics of the place? The litter bin is supposed to make it clean. Sometimes they're not where you want them so people improvise. They put litter in trees. Some people said, can we design a litter bin that will not get stolen, looks beautiful, that people will use, that lasts through the weather,

and actually improves the aesthetics of the place? They came up with something called the Tere Bin, a designer dustbin. This is on Brigade Road in Bangalore. The beautiful part is it is not stealable. Nobody wants it because it is made of materials nobody wants. It works, it looks clean. For the last 3 years, there are 200 dustbins across Bangalore. It has worked because somebody applied his mind to solve a problem. This is in front of ITPL. The dustbin is where you need it: a bus stop. People use it. It has worked. This is the biggest problem of all: open garbage. This is outside the Koramangala Club. You would think they would figure it out, but they didn't, and some people said, Let's make this as an example, and this is what they did. It has remained fixed. It is not a photo op at all. (Applause)

The reason well-known places are taken is that if people who are rich, powerful, and with social pressure cannot do it, then there is something wrong with us. This is outside the house of Dr. Rajkumar. Poor Mr. Puneeth Rajkumar has to see this every year. He's got amazing social power, he couldn't fix it. This is what was done. It has remained fixed for the last 6 months. (Applause) This is J.P. Nagar outside Ambareesh's house. We've chosen people who are important who can get things done, but it requires the public to do it. This is outside a slum. This is cow dung. This is where children wait for their school bus. It's become a beautiful bus stop. This is outside a tech park. Every tech park in Bangalore has got open drains. There are billion-dollar companies in there. Apparently, nobody is willing to fix this. They're all blaming somebody else.

A few people went, made a safe zone, made it a bus stop. It's working! So the point is whether it's a slum, or a tech park, or an affluent zone, you can make change. This is in Whitefield nearby. This is an open toilet. The slum at the back has people who use the toilet. That's a wine shop. This is in the Jagriti theater. It's crazy, so some people in Whitefield said, Let's fix it. So they fixed it, but what happened? People still threw garbage. You cannot fix a place by just painting it. You have to solve the underlying problem. So on day two, five people went to all the houses and said, Tomorrow we will make a new system so you don't need to put your garbage on the ground. See what happened. What is interesting is that all the people, the slum dwellers, the wine shop owner, the Jagriti people, people in apartments,

got together to solve a common problem. They had never spoken to each other before. They used to complain to each other about each other. When the community comes together to fix a common problem, it is no longer a tragedy of the commons; it is a victory of the commons. This particular project has spawned many more projects in Whitefield. (Applause) Now look closely. This is actually urine outside a wine shop. Indian men need to urinate, and let's accept that. Let's not get emotional about it. Can we make them urinate in a dignified way and rescue the public space? This is urine outside a wine shop. The wine shop owner couldn't be bothered. It created an innovation where someone said, Let's create a dignified way for men to urinate and rescue our public space. It resulted in something called the Wonderloo, which is an open-air urinal, a private space where men urinate,

and the rest of the wall gets rescued. Now, who did all these projects? Look closely. There are senior citizens. That lady is in her seventies. She's holding a crowbar. There are retired army officers, slum children, the wine shop owner. They all came together and did this project. There was no contract label. It was done entirely by citizens. That evening, people came in their car to buy liquor, and they used the restroom in the open. Everybody is happy. All the stakeholders in that spot eventually got what they wanted. Even though they have hugely opposing ideologies, they're getting along, and that's the big message. So, what do you think? Is there any hope? Yeah, that's good. Over 400 spots have been fixed, but more interesting is that 90% have survived, and that's an excellent survival rate for problems that were so chronic that no one even knew how to start solving them.

But how does it all work? That's what I'm here to tell you. It's not about painting a wall, there's much more to it than that. The most important thing is this: (Indian) Kaam Chalu, Mooh Bandh! Only work, no talk! Bayi Muchko, Kelasa Hachko. It's as simple as that. In India, we talk too much. We refuse to listen. If you decide to do and don't talk, incredible things can be achieved. Don't lecture, don't moralize, don't create awareness drives, don't tell people what to do. Don't act condescending and say, I know the solution to your problem. Because it might not even be a problem at all. If you take the lead, others will follow. Some of you may have been in protests and dharnas. When you go on a protest, some people join you, some people ignore you; it's the same with good work.

If you go and do disruptive, positive anarchy, some will follow you, some will ignore you, but nobody will stop you. The only person stopping you from going out and doing good is yourself. Don't blame anybody else for stopping you. Don't expect credit, don't expect applause. Stay anonymous. Don't take anybody's money. Use your own, whatever your means are. If a single person does something within his own means, you'll be surprised how many other people join you. The moment you take money, you're almost losing your independence. Gandhi famously said, Be the change you want to see. There's a slight problem with that, with due respect to Gandhi. If the situation is hopeless, you first need to see the change that you want to be to believe that you can even make the change. That's where Facebook has been fantastic. Every before and after photograph goes on Facebook. People say, Wow, it's possible. Let me try it.

Creating belief that our pathetic civic situation can improve is the biggest lesson the Ugly Indian Movement has learned. Focus on results, not on who is doing it, how it's being done. If you can deliver a before and after photograph, you're good. If not, Facebook is a very brutal decider of whether the project was good or not. There are many myths about social movements that have been broken. Volunteers are the easiest to get. Bangalore has thousands of people who come out on weekends and work. These are not social activists. These are people with regular jobs who take time out to work. Money is not a problem at all. Many of the projects shown cost less than 3,000 rupees or 60 USD. If 10 people get together and put in 300 rupees each, you can fix a spot. It's cheaper than going out for dinner or coffee in one of Bangalore's upscale restaurants.

And the best part: You can make a dramatic change without asking anybody else for help. A lot of people worry about the government. The government loves it if the citizens engage. Just paying taxes and voting is not enough. If you come out and work, the government loves it. The Bangalore and the BBMP have taken the first step in partnering with citizen movements. It is unprecedented in India, and we are hopeful that other cities take note that when the collective energies of the government employees and the citizens are put on the common cause, improving the city, dramatic change can happen. We spend too much time fighting the government. That should stop. India is truly rising. What began in Bangalore on Church Street four years ago quickly spread. And now there are literally 20-30 teams operational in Bangalore. All their work is on Facebook, and slowly, across India, there are 30-40 cities: Kanpur, Agra, Chennai.

You just name a city, people are coming out. And you know the best part? None of them know each other, nobody talks. The only thing that counts is results. So wherever you are, go out and do something, post it to Ugly Indian. If your work is on Ugly Indian, you become famous on your street and other people join you. These are random photos sent by people: Kanpur, Amritsar, Agra, Chennai. Everybody is trying to copy, emulate what's happening elsewhere. Simple message: if you want to change the world, start with your own street. If you want your street to change, you should do it. If you wait for somebody else to do it, it may never happen. The choice is yours. A question that is often asked is why are Ugly Indians anonymous? So far I've revealed my gender, because of my tone of voice, and the language that I speak in which I am proficient.

But you don't know what I speak at home. You don't know my age. You don't know my religion. You don't know my caste. You don't know my political views. Whether I have a ponytail or whether I have a tattoo. The problem with India is we make judgments on people and not on the work they do. The reason The Ugly Indian has worked is that the focus is only on results. Not who did it, why are they doing it, what are their motivations? Anonymity allows a lot of people to come and join the fold. The message is stop being an Ugly Indian from today. Go out and do something. Do you think there is any hope? I came here two days back to check out this hall. This is how it looked like outside where we are. That is the footpath. It says, way to school. Very helpful if you're going to school, you should take this footpath.

That's exactly outside this hall. This is what you would normally do. This is a chalta hai attitude: I don't care. It's not my problem. I need to get from A to B. I'll just jump over it. We need to change from chalta hai to kaam chalu. So what did we do? We went to a construction site, we got some laborers, we got some iron rods, We fixed it so chalta hai got changed to kaam chalu. If I'm going to spend 18 minutes doing mooh chalu in this auditorium, I will spend 18 minutes working outside, and in 18 minutes that place was fixed. (Applause) When you go out today, please walk on that footpath on the way to Brigade school because it was fixed 2 days ago. We got into the josh of it. Just outside the entrance of this hall is an open electricity box for the garbage.

We spent an hour and fixed it. When you go out today, you will see work done by three people three days back because they felt they needed to do it. The question to ask is: have you made an impact on your street? And we love TEDx. They said TEDx is a talk fest. Can TEDx do anything? So 2 days ago, 100 people from this audience came out and did a spot fix in Bangalore and that's the story we're going to share with you now. This is K.R. Circle, one of Bangalore's favorite circles. It's a beautiful place, but with one problem: pedestrians have to cross on the road. There are underpasses there, beautifully designed, but they are either closed or if they're open, they look like this. That is urine that has not been cleaned for years. The lady coming in is holding her nose. Just look at this lady. She has to wait for the man to cross. She walks bravely, holding her nose.

in the dark, dingy, urine-filled room to get to work. Isn't that sad? These girls are risking their lives crossing to go to college. They don't want to use the underpass. That girl is making a decision: she'd rather walk on the road than go in the underpass. This girl goes to college with her nose closed. That is the Mayor of Bangalore. We invited him to come inspect this, and he said, We've tried for years to fix it. Can the public help? The public said yes. A group of the public went in and cleaned this place. The mayor came and joined. They transformed the subway, and for the last 3 weeks, it's been running well. This is what it looks like now. 2 days ago, the TEDx volunteers came here. They're entering the subway to check it out. This is the clean subway. See how different it is. (Applause)

Look at how many people are walking. They're smiling. It's a friendly place. All it takes to convert a public space is a little bit of sincerity and effort. And the public has rescued a subway. They came here to see the change that they wanted to be. This is what they did: In the next hour, 100 people from this room actually went and cleaned up the subways. This is how they look: 10 subways repainted. As we speak, the subways are being cleaned, and come next week, they will all open. 6 subways in K.R. Circle open because of the efforts taken by people at TEDx. This is what it looks like: if I want to walk from the library to Freedom Park, it's very difficult. But what they have done now is Bangalore has beautiful under-connected pedestrian walkways lying dormant. They have been rescued. We have K.R. Circle for cars, and we have a pedestrian circle for pedestrians.

What do you think? Is there any hope? (Audience) Yes! All the people who worked on the spot fix, give yourselves a big hand. (Applause) Thank you. (Applause)

Why is India so filthy? | The Ugly Indian | TEDxBangalore

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TEDx Talks

아나믹 나그릭은 인도의 오물 문제를 다른 나라의 청결도와 대조하며 논의합니다.

그는 이 문제는 돈이나 제도의 문제가 아니라 사람들의 행동과 사고방식에 있다고 주장합니다.

나그릭은 시민 의식의 변화를 이끌어내기 위해서는 사회적 실험과 인도인의 심리에 대한 깊은 이해가 필요하다고 강조합니다.

인도의 공공장소에서 더 나은 행동 유도하기

깨진 유리창 이론과 공유지의 비극은 인도의 공공장소 방치 문제를 설명합니다.

벽에 페인트를 칠하고 독특한 쓰레기통을 디자인하는 등의 간단한 개입으로 사람들의 행동을 성공적으로 바꾸고 동네의 미관을 개선했습니다.

보도와 쓰레기 방치와 같은 일반적인 문제를 해결하기 위한 커뮤니티 주도의 노력도 더 깨끗하고 존중하는 공공 공간을 만드는 데 큰 영향을 미쳤습니다.

방갈로르의 커뮤니티 주도 변화

방갈로르의 유명한 장소는 부유하고 힘 있는 사람들의 영향력에도 불구하고 여전히 문제가 많은 곳입니다.

노인과 빈민가 거주자를 포함한 지역사회 구성원들은 하수구 개방, 공중 배뇨와 같은 공통의 문제를 해결하기 위해 힘을 모아 안전한 버스 정류장, 원더루와 같은 성공적인 프로젝트를 이끌어냈습니다.

이 이니셔티브는 400개 이상의 장소를 고쳤으며, 90%라는 놀라운 생존율로 지속적인 변화를 만들어내는 커뮤니티 협업의 힘을 보여주었습니다.

행동의 힘: 어글리 인디언 운동

변화를 만들기 위한 핵심은 "캄찰루, 무반드"라는 만트라를 통해 말보다는 행동에 집중하는 것입니다.

파괴적이고 긍정적인 무정부 상태는 다른 사람들의 참여를 유도할 수 있으며, 변화를 만드는 데 돈이나 인정이 필요하지 않습니다.

이 운동은 방갈로르에서 주목을 받아 인도의 다른 도시로 확산되었으며, 시민과 정부가 극적인 변화를 위해 협력하고 있습니다.

어글리 인디언 운동은 익명을 보장하여 개인적인 판단보다는 결과에 집중할 수 있도록 장려함으로써 사람들이 각자의 동네에서 행동에 나서도록 독려합니다.

이 이니셔티브는 인도의 여러 도시에서 개인이 함께 참여하여 변화를 일으키고 주변 환경에 대한 책임감의 중요성을 강조하는 데 영감을 주었습니다.

최근 방갈로르에서 진행된 현장 수정을 비롯한 여러 노력은 지역사회에 긍정적인 변화를 만들어내는 집단 행동의 힘을 보여줍니다.

방갈로르의 소녀들이 소변으로 가득 찬 지저분한 지하도를 피하기 위해 목숨을 걸고 뛰어내리면서 변화를 요구하는 대중의 목소리가 커졌습니다.

시장의 대중의 도움 요청으로 지하철을 성공적으로 청소하고 변화시켜 친근하고 따뜻한 공간으로 탈바꿈시켰습니다.

이 노력은 TEDx 자원봉사자들과 함께 계속되어 여러 지하철을 다시 칠하고 재개통하고 도시의 연결되지 않은 보행자 통로를 복구하는 데까지 이어졌습니다.