인코텀즈®의 이해: 국제 무역을 위한 주요 개념

### ® : 국제 무역을 위한 필수 가이드라인
* 🌍 인코텀즈®는 구매자와 판매자 간의 판매 조건을 정의하기 때문에 **국제 무역에 종사하는 모든 사람에게 매우 중요**합니다.
* 📜 국제 상거래 용어의 약자인 **인코텀즈®는 국제상공회의소에서 발행**하며 전 세계 법률 기관에서 인정하는 국제 표준입니다.
* 📅 최신 버전인 인코텀즈® 2020은 **2020년 1월 1일에 발효**되었으며, 비용 및 위험에 대한 양 당사자의 책임에 대해 간략하게 설명합니다.
* 📊 다양한 운송 수단과 특정 운임 조건에 대한 범주를 포함하여 **다양한 유형의 인코텀즈®를 보여주는 차트**입니다.
* 🚚 **EXW(출고 전 작업)**부터는 판매자의 의무가 최소화되어 픽업 준비가 완료될 때까지 **상품 및 포장 비용만 부담**하면 됩니다.
* ⚓ 더 많이 사용되는 **FOB(본선 인도조건)**는 판매자가 상품이 선박에 적재될 때까지 모든 비용을 부담하고 그 이후에는 구매자가 책임을 져야 합니다.
* 💼 배송 조건의 경우 **DAP(현장인도조건) 및 DDP(관세지급인도조건)**에는 목적지에서 상품을 배송하고 통관하는 판매자의 책임이 명시되어 있습니다.
* 📝 양 당사자는 오해를 방지하고 원활한 국제 거래를 위해 **판매 계약에서 인코텀®에 동의하는 것**이 필수적입니다.

® 는 구매자와 판매자 간의 국제 무역 계약에 필수적인 요소입니다.

(upbeat music) - [Narrator] Understanding Incoterms® is a vital part of International Trade. When exporting products internationally, you must agree to sell your goods based on 11 Incoterms®. Incoterms® is short for International Commercial Terms, which are published by the International Chamber of Commerce and relate to International Commercial Law. They are accepted by governments and legal authorities around the world. The International Chamber of Commerce has published the latest version of Incoterms®, Incoterms® 2020, which came into effect on the 1st of January 2020. Put simply, Incoterms® are the selling terms that the buyer and seller of goods both agree to for the International sale and supply of goods. Incoterms® clearly state which tasks, costs, and risks are associated with the buyer and which are associated with the seller. The Incoterm® states when the seller's costs and risks

are transferred onto the buyer. This chart displays Incoterms® 2020 in an easy-to-understand format. Note this chart should be used as a guide only; for a full and complete description, you should refer to the full version of Incoterms® published by the ICC. The blue section displays the different types of Incoterms® beginning from left to right. The green section shows the groups, Any Mode or modes of transport, and Sea and Inland Waterway Transport. The yellow section shows the Freight Collect Terms and the Freight Prepaid Terms. Starting from the left side is the exporter or the seller of the goods, beginning at the seller's location or warehouse. As you move along to the right, the products leave the warehouse, get loaded on board a vessel or aircraft at the port of loading, get shipped through to the port of destination, pass through customs at the arriving country, and then get delivered further through to the buyer's location.

Along the way, there are set Incoterms® to establish which risks and costs are agreed to be paid by the seller and which are to be transferred to the buyer. The left side of the chart displays the different obligations and charges, and displays which are covered by the seller, and which are covered by the buyer. So starting from the left is the first Incoterm® EXW, which means Ex-Works, or Ex-Warehouse. If the buyer and seller agree to sell goods on Ex-Works terms, then the seller's obligations are simple. The seller will only cover the cost of the goods and the export packaging Ex warehouse. So the seller will manufacture the goods and have them packaged and ready for collection from their warehouse. From then on, all additional costs and risks involved in transport away from the warehouse are covered by the buyer. Moving further along the supply chain, there are FCA, FAS, and FOB Incoterms®. Under FCA, Free-To-Carrier, the seller

will cover export duties, taxes, and customs clearance to get the products prepared for export. Under FAS, Free-Alongside-Ship, the seller will cover the origin terminal port handling charges. Then it moves onto FOB, Free-On-Board. FOB is generally the most popular Incoterm® that is used for containerized trade. When FOB terms are agreed upon, the seller's obligation is to supply the goods and also to pay for all of the additional charges involved to get the goods actually loaded on board the vessel for export. That means the seller will cover all previously mentioned charges and pay for the loading charges to get the goods loaded on board the vessel for export. As soon as the goods are loaded on board, all further associated costs and risks are transferred onto the buyer. The buyer will pay for the international freight and all charges thereafter. If the seller agrees to pay for the cost of freight and carriage, then they can choose to sell the goods

on CFR, CIF, CPT, or CIP Incoterms®. Note that CFR and CIF are similar Incoterms® that cover Sea and inland waterway transport. If the seller agrees to cover the cost of insurance during international sea freight, then they can sell on the CIF Incoterm®. CPT and CIP are similar Incoterms® that relate to any mode or modes of transport, where the seller will agree to pay for the destination terminal/port handling charges. If the seller agrees to cover the cost of insurance during transport, they can sell goods under the CIP Incoterm®. Moving further along, DAP, DPU, and DDP are Incoterms® involved with getting goods delivered, unloaded, and customs cleared at the country of destination. Under DAP, Delivered-At-Place, the seller will cover the costs of delivery to destination. If DPU, Delivered-at-Place-Unloaded is agreed,

then the seller will also pay for the unloading costs at the destination. Finally, if DDP, Delivered-Duty-Paid is agreed, then the seller will also pay for the import duties, taxes & customs clearance at the country of destination. If you have any detailed questions relating to Incoterms®, you should refer to your freight forwarder, the International Chamber of Commerce, or other professional advice. Before products can be shipped internationally, the buyer and seller must agree on the Incoterm® that the goods are sold under. The Incoterm® must be clearly stated in sales contracts and counter-signed by both parties to avoid any misunderstandings. Should any disputes arise, then the details included in the documentation will be referred to. IncoDocs is documentation software used by importers and exporters all over the world. It allows importers and exporters to connect to easily create all of the sales and shipping documentation required for global trade.

Join the future of global trade. Try it yourself at incodocs.com.

Incoterms® 2020 Explained for Import Export Global Trade

Inco Docs

® 은 구매자와 판매자가 합의한 판매 조건을 개괄적으로 설명하는 국제 무역에 필수적인 문서입니다.

최신 버전인 인코텀즈® 2020은 2020년 1월 1일에 발효되었으며, 각 당사자와 관련된 업무, 비용 및 위험을 명확히 규정하고 있습니다.

인코텀즈® 차트는 다양한 유형과 용어 그룹에 대한 시각적 가이드를 제공하여 판매자에서 구매자에게로 상품이 이동하는 흐름을 보여줍니다.

® 판매자-구매자 책임에 미치는 영향

® 거래에서 판매자와 구매자 간의 위험과 비용 배분을 정의합니다.

EXW(선인도조건)는 판매자에게 최소한의 의무를 부과하는 반면 구매자는 모든 추가 비용과 위험을 부담합니다.

조건이 FCA, FAS, FOB로 진행됨에 따라 판매자는 더 많은 책임을 지게 되며, 컨테이너 무역에서는 판매자가 수출을 위해 상품을 선박에 적재할 때까지 모든 비용을 부담하는 FOB가 가장 많이 사용됩니다.

® 해상 및 내륙 수로 운송의 경우, 보험 비용이 포함된 CIF가 적용됩니다.

CPT 및 CIP는 모든 운송 수단에 적용되며, CIP에는 보험이 포함됩니다.

DAP, DPU 및 DDP는 배송에 중점을 두며, DDP는 수입 관세 및 통관도 포함합니다.

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