포드의 DNA를 합성하여 각 큐브에 비트코인 데이터를 저장하는 것은 데이터 보존의 미래와 저장 매체로서 DNA의 잠재력에 대한 의문을 제기합니다.

### DNA: 데이터 스토리지의 미래
* DNA는 **"하드 드라이브보다 백만 배 더 큰 용량"**으로 정보를 저장할 수 있으며 저장 후에는 에너지 비용이 거의 들지 않습니다.
* 💰 2015년 다보스 포럼에서 유럽 학자들은 참가자들에게 각 튜브에 **비트코인 1비트코인의 정보가 담긴 DNA 튜브**에서 비트코인 정보를 추출하는 과제를 내주었습니다.
* 🔒 이 정보는 암호화되어 안전하게 보관되었으며, **2018년 마감 이틀 전에 벨기에의 한 박사과정 학생이 비트코인 정보를 추출**하는 데 성공했습니다.
* 🛍 과학자들에 따르면, **1티스푼의 합성 DNA는 월마트의 슈퍼컴퓨터 10대 이상에 해당하는 데이터**를 저장할 수 있다고 합니다.
* 🦠 DNA 데이터 저장은 바이러스가 DNA를 가로채는 것처럼 원하는 코드로 **DNA 가닥을 합성**하고 정보를 **암호화**하는 메커니즘을 사용합니다.
* 🌐 2007년까지 전 세계 디지털 데이터의 대부분은 디지털 형태로 저장되었으며, **서버를 사용하는 현재의 데이터 저장 방식은 상당한 에너지를 소비**합니다.
* 🔮 과학자들은 높은 효율성과 안정성으로 인해 **DNA가 결국 반도체 기반 스토리지처럼 널리 사용**되는 저장 매체가 될 수 있을 것으로 예측합니다.
* 🚀 "플로피 디스크, CD, DVD를 사용하던 시절에는 데이터 저장의 미래라고 상상하기 어려웠던 것처럼, **DNA도 마찬가지**입니다. 기술이 조금만 더 발전하면 **DNA가 궁극적으로 데이터 저장의 미래**가 될 수 있습니다."

Ford itself is made of synthetic DNA, and in each cube, a bitcoin of information is inserted. What will come out in the future? What form will the data left by the existence of a country take? Ultimately, when I do it behind, [Music] Hello, I'm Dr. Dongseon Park. In 1977, Voyager carried all of humanity's cultural assets into space, taking photos of cows and uploading sound sources, etc., storing data in the form of a gold disk. But this is a really difficult problem. If someone, like extraterrestrial archaeologists, wants to examine our culture that remains on Earth in a million years or tens of millions of years later, will this be a sustainable answer until tens of thousands of years later? In this situation, there is a truly unbelievably efficient way of storing data. It's really unbelievable because

It is said that the expressive power is about a million times greater than the storage capacity of a hard drive, and once it is stored, no energy is required. Server costs are close to zero. So, what kind of storage medium is it? It is none other than human DNA. Compared to animals, the amount of information that can be stored in DNA is enormous. However, instead of carrying this inside a living person's body, we can also put the information in a tube, like a DNA tube. To demonstrate this, in 2015 at the Davos Forum, a European scholar, commonly known as what, issued a very interesting challenge. By creating multiple DNA tubes and dividing them all, one Bitcoin worth of information was placed in each cube. So, if you know how to decode the information inside this DNA tube, you can take the Bitcoin.

The Davos Bitcoin Challenge was worth doing. In 2015, I got a bitcoin, and if I remember correctly, at that time, the price of bitcoin was around $250 to $300. But three years later, in 2018, as this book is just finishing now, I remember that just before no one could catch it, it was around $6,500. So, they called it the Davos Bitcoin Challenge, and of course, they gave a car. They said that if someone succeeds in hacking by January 20, 2018, they would give out bitcoins that were distributed in 2015. But it took a long time. No one could decrypt the bitcoin information inside the DNA. The bitcoin was created safely. How much did the price rise from 2010 to 2018? Therefore, a doctoral student finished his gigabytes two days before, on January 19th.

There was a book that became a success because it took Bitcoin. The student who earned Bitcoin was a doctoral student in Belgium. He had all the codes and information security on how to take my Bitcoin, as well as information related to the company that could include such information, and even James Joyce's drawings were included in the additional content box. It was to show that so much information could fit into a tiny DNA tube. So now, according to these scholars, with just a tiny teaspoon of synthetic DNA molecules, as much as the amount in a teaspoon, you could store more than ten supercomputers worth of enormous data equivalent to all customer information at a large Walmart supermarket. So, just a tiny teaspoon could store behind it an incredible amount of data, surpassing more than ten supercomputers in terms of efficiency in storage space.

The value of usable DNA is said to be enormous. If we try to explain a bit more easily, when we look at our biology lab, it's like having a pen in hand and watching YouTube. The information stored in DNA is like the tube of YouTube. Just like there are various videos in YouTube's tube, DNA contains various packets of information. Most of the data we use worldwide is digital data. Back in 1986, only 1% of all data worldwide was stored in digital format. However, most of it was printed on paper or stored in completely different forms above the file level. But as the internet and personal computers entered our homes, the world changed rapidly. So, around the year 2000, about 25% of data worldwide, a quarter of it, was stored in digital format.

Just seven years ago, in 2007, it is said that 97% of the data was stored in digital form. Now, there is one issue here. Recently, Elon Musk and Tesla have been going back and forth on whether to allow Bitcoin as a means of payment. The stock prices went up and down. One of the reasons for this was that Bitcoin requires a tremendous amount of energy. It needs a lot of computers to mine, and not only that, a huge number of computer servers are needed to store worldwide data. These servers consume a massive amount of energy. To power this energy consumption, a large amount of fossil fuels needs to be burned. Therefore, living in this era of data consumption, it seems that the current model may not be sustainable moving forward.

No, so the question arises about how to store data more efficiently. When we look at data storage, in fact, when we try to store data on a hard drive, if you disassemble the hard drive, you will see a disk spinning there. In a hurry, it's called a magnetic disk because it writes and reads data through magnetism, where it can write 0 1 1 0 and read it, and later erase it. There is such a mechanism. The method of using DNA data is to create synthetic DNA, but in DNA, it consists of only four base sequences: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. When we create a code that we want to store, such as AGCT, we convert the code we want to store into a code consisting of AGCT, and then we synthesize this code into DNA. Later, we encode this code, store it, and then read it back. This is a method we are familiar with, like the coronavirus or.

In the case of viruses, they are not arrested or actually living organisms. So, do they have DNA? They are holding onto DNA or the one they will have tomorrow. When these viruses infiltrate the human body or other small organisms, what is the first thing they do? They first read the DNA inside another person's body and then insert their own DNA into it through interception. That's why when the code of the virus is read in our body, it causes diseases. Scientists have developed technologies based on the fact that these viruses can do this. They have created tools like genetic scissors to cut the virus's own code, so that we can write the desired type of code and insert it into our genetic DNA as if it were their own. This technology is called the CRISPR-Cas9 system.

This is the gene editing technology of the Nobel Chemistry Prize winner last year in 2020. In a sense, it is read to store information and can be used to create secret codes in unused parts of our bodies. By encrypting the text itself, converting it into GTA C code, and then inserting it into DNA, it is possible to make it readable and discover that there is such information there. The idea of using DNA as a storage medium without the use of storage media is intriguingly attributed to physicist Richard Feynman, who was highly respected by all communicators in the field. It is said that in the late 1950s, he talked about this astonishing idea at the level of an idea. It is amazing that in reality, in 1988, at Harvard University, they successfully encoded information into DNA by storing a picture of an artist behind the colon of E. coli, actually conducting trials on being able to do this.

There is another scientist who is working very hard on the idea of using DNA as a storage medium. Professor George Church, who is considered one of the best minds in the field, has been conducting research on utilizing DNA as a storage medium for a long time, even before people paid attention to it. So, he found it fascinating when people started writing and storing information in DNA. One notable project involved converting all the text data written on Wikipedia into a 16-gigabyte text file and storing it in DNA, allowing someone else to read it. He became interested in this and collaborated with Microsoft to announce research by scholars using DNA as a storage medium. It's amazing that such a small space can store so much information, but this is something that fascinates me.

Scholars are questioning the practicality of this, saying it is not as easy to use as a regular hard drive or carry around like a USB, so it seems meaningless. However, researchers in Israel and Europe have developed a new system. We talk about it as IoT, meaning Internet of Things. Therefore, instead of directly synthesizing DNA, which is complex and difficult to carry around and read inside organisms, they use a 3D printer to synthesize the same thing. After synthesis, they can carry around a model of plastic DNA, which contains all the know-how to create DNA.

In a form where a design is contained within a design, within a design, within a design, now the opportunity to use quantum bits could also be used. Such models are being discussed. There is also a scenario where people who want to use DNA as storage space are talking about. There is also a scenario like this. What it is, is that we used floppy disks in the past, then moved on to using CDs, then DVDs, then videotapes, and now we hardly use hard disks anymore. We have transitioned to solid-state disks (SSDs) and storage space keeps changing. What is the real future? Several years later, people will want to take digital data on Earth during this time. From a floppy disk, it will be written like this. Will it be possible? In fact, for semiconductor-based storage space, it is hard to know what will really last forever. When looking over a very long period, the forms of storage space that have been around for hundreds of millions of years may be in the shape of organisms.

Since it's not a technical issue, how to read and write will eventually be resolved, and in terms of efficiency, the basic code bna, which is highly efficient and stable, used by all living organisms, will someday be used for storage space. Scientists are talking about whether we will eventually utilize it. However, the main reason it's not being discussed is that it's expensive. But at this point, scientists also said that in 1980, the cost of an Apple disk drive with a capacity of about 16 megabytes was $1,500. It's unbelievable. $1,500 for just 16 megabytes, which is not even enough for one low-quality video. It was very expensive. No matter how difficult it was to have storage space back then and how expensive it was on computers, this is.

Very quickly, as the price goes down and everyone can use it, now those who dream of the future using this DNA storage space are saying that as technology advances, eventually, DNA will have storage space. If you really think about it, it's interesting. What will come out of it? While we live on Earth, using all our strength and living a difficult life, in the end, thinking about the universe, this is truly a fleeting moment. In the past, you could think that you succeeded when it was written in a history book, but when that history book disappears, how much data can an individual like me leave among countless existences? And in what form will that data remain? In the end, it makes me think about DNA. What do you think about this?

Please leave more comments, and regarding our subscribers' nicknames, there were many discussions, but among them, the most popular seemed to be cube. If you have any questions about Q's play, please let us know. Thank you for deciding on the nickname for the cube. We plan to have a naive event when we reach 100,000 subscribers, so we hope to do something like an event with all of you, our cube subscribers. If you leave a lot of comments on today's content, it seems like there will be an interesting discussion. Everyone, stay healthy and happy.

인간 DNA가 USB를 대체하는 미래, 현실이 될 수 있을까? | DNA 저장장치, 과학, 미래기술

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장동선의 궁금한 뇌

DNA에 데이터를 저장하는 것의 가능성

각 큐브에 1비트 정보를 저장하는 데 DNA 합성이 사용되면서 데이터 저장의 미래에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있습니다.

1977년 보이저 우주선은 황금 디스크 형식의 문화 유물을 우주로 운반하면서 인류 문화의 장기 보존에 대한 도전 과제를 제시했습니다.

2015년에는 유럽 학자들이 정보를 저장하는 데 DNA 튜브를 사용하자는 아이디어를 제안하면서 데이터 저장 매체로서 DNA의 막대한 잠재력을 강조했습니다.

비트코인 정보를 DNA 튜브에 저장하기

다보스 비트코인 챌린지를 위해 비트코인 정보를 저장하는 데 DNA 튜브가 사용되었고, 이를 해독하는 사람에게 비트코인을 제공했습니다.

2015년 250~300달러였던 비트코인 가격은 2018년 약 6,500달러까지 상승했고, 벨기에의 한 박사과정 학생이 비트코인 정보를 해독하는 데 성공했습니다.

1티스푼의 합성 DNA 분자는 대형 슈퍼마켓인 월마트의 모든 고객 정보를 저장할 수 있습니다.

전 세계 데이터의 대부분이 디지털 형식으로 저장되면서 저장 매체로서 DNA의 가치는 크게 높아졌습니다.

디지털 데이터 스토리지로의 급속한 전환으로 인해 대량의 정보를 효율적으로 저장할 수 있는 DNA가 고려되고 있습니다.

데이터 스토리지가 에너지 소비에 미치는 영향

데이터를 저장하고 처리하려면 전 세계 수많은 컴퓨터 서버에서 상당한 양의 에너지가 필요합니다.

화석 연료에 의존해 서버에 전력을 공급하는 현재의 데이터 저장 모델은 미래에도 지속 가능하지 않습니다.

대량의 정보를 보다 효율적이고 컴팩트하게 저장할 수 있는 방법으로 DNA를 데이터 저장에 활용하는 방안이 고려되고 있습니다.

DNA 차단과 유전자 가위 개발의 중요성

바이러스처럼 자신의 DNA를 다른 사람의 DNA와 가로채는 기술은 2020년 노벨 화학상을 수상한 CRISPR Cas-9 시스템의 개발로 이어졌습니다.

이 기술을 사용하면 정보를 DNA에 암호화할 수 있어 잠재적으로 신체 내에 비밀 코드를 저장할 수 있습니다.

DNA를 저장 매체로 사용하는 개념은 1950년대 물리학자 리처드 파인만이 처음 제안했으며, 1988년 하버드 대학교에서 대장균 DNA에 이미지를 인코딩하여 성공적으로 시연했습니다.

철지 교수는 DNA를 정보 저장 매체로 사용하기 위한 연구를 오랫동안 진행해왔습니다.

그 결과로 위키피디아의 텍스트 데이터를 DNA에 저장하고, 마이크로소프트와의 공동 연구를 통해 DNA를 저장 매체로 사용한 연구를 발표했습니다.

이러한 연구는 현재는 복잡하지만, 이스라엘의 연구팀이 3D 프린터를 사용하여 DNA 모델을 만들고 이를 새로운 시스템으로 발전시키고 있습니다.

데이터 스토리지 솔루션으로서 DNA의 잠재력

DNA는 높은 용량과 안정성으로 인해 데이터 저장 솔루션으로 사용될 수 있습니다.

현재의 기술적, 비용적 한계에도 불구하고 데이터 저장에 DNA를 사용하는 개념은 잠재적인 장기적인 해결책으로 논의되고 있습니다.

과거에는 초기 Apple 하드 드라이브의 예에서 볼 수 있듯이 스토리지 기술의 높은 비용이 결국 크게 감소했습니다.

데이터 스토리지로서의 DNA의 미래

DNA 합성 비용이 빠르게 감소하고 있어 데이터 저장에 더 쉽게 접근할 수 있게 되었습니다.

일부에서는 기술이 더욱 발전하면 DNA가 향후 데이터 저장의 주요 형태가 될 수 있다고 생각합니다.

데이터를 보존하는 DNA의 잠재력은 인간의 존재를 보존하는 역할과 기술의 미래에 미칠 영향에 대한 의문을 불러일으킵니다.