변화하는 식단: 육류 중심 식단에서 식물성 솔루션으로의 전환

### 변화하는 식단: 식물성 식단에 대한 긴급한 필요성
* 👵 1950년대의 전형적인 주부였던 토츠 할머니는 **고기가 필수**라고 믿었으며, **코티지 치즈와 같은 예상치 못한 요리에도 고기**를 넣어 매 끼니마다 요리했습니다.
* 🥩 그녀는 육류가 국력과 건강에 필수적이라고 선전하는 정부의 홍보에 영향을 받았는데, 이는 **2차 세계대전 중 성장한 배경**에서 비롯된 사고방식입니다.
* 📈 희귀 육류 소비에서 일상적인 육류 중심 식사로의 식단 변화는 단순한 선호도가 아니라 **정부와 기업의 광범위한 영향력**의 결과였습니다.
* 🌱 기후 변화에 대응하고 2050년까지 100억 인구의 식량 안보를 보장하기 위해 우리는 **산업 육류 소비에서 식물성 식단으로 전환**해야 합니다.
* ❤ 아버지의 심장마비 이후 저희 가족은 육류 과잉 섭취가 예방 가능한 질병과 관련이 있기 때문에 **육류 섭취를 줄이는 것이 건강상 이점**이 있다는 사실을 깨닫고 **식물성 식품이 풍부한 식단**으로 전환했습니다.
* 🌍 육류 생산은 **전 세계 탄소 배출량의 약 20%**를 차지하며, 농지의 거의 절반이 인간의 식량이 아닌 **동물 사료로 오용**되고 있습니다.
* 🍔 독일의 버거킹이 식물성 옵션을 홍보하는 것과 같은 성공적인 사례는 **합리적인 가격의 선택지가 제공**되면 소비자들이 더 건강한 대안을 선택한다는 것을 보여줍니다.
* 🌿 우리는 기업과 정부가 식물성 식단을 장려하여 **학교와 식당에서 식물성 식단을 기본**으로 선택하도록 하여 궁극적으로 더 건강하고 지속 가능한 세상을 만들 수 있도록 지지해야 합니다.

식물성 식품으로의 식단 전환은 건강, 기후, 식량 안보를 개선하는 데 필수적입니다.

when I was a kid, we'd go visit my grandparents, and my grandma Tots was a classic 1950s American housewife. She thought she was a terrible cook. She cooked everything in the microwave, even meat, and she had meat at every meal, even in her cottage cheese. One time, my brother brought his girlfriend to visit, and she was a vegetarian. And so, my brother reminded Grandma Tots of this, and she said, Oh, okay, what does she want for dinner then, chicken or fish? Grandma Tots could not imagine that you would have a meal that didn't revolve around meat. And I can see why. I mean, she grew up in a time where she was inundated by government promotions that meat was key to supporting your country, and company ads talked about it being essential for being strong and manly. And it was cheap too. It was subsidized by the government and partially explained as a way of bulking up malnourished men so that they could fight in World War II. But what my grandma witnessed in the

first half of her life was unprecedented. She saw the fastest and widest shift in diets that had ever occurred within just a few decades. She saw the norm go from eating meat as a rare treat to having it three times a day, to having meat named after our meals. So, we had breakfast meats, we had lunch meats, and well, beef is what's for dinner. And that didn't happen because people just suddenly realized they really liked the taste of meat. What we eat is less about what we choose and more about what's offered to us. And companies and governments today still make it really hard for us to choose anything other than meat. I mean, it's offered everywhere, it's often the only choice, and it's cheaper than other options. So much so, if you took away all government support and subsidies for meat, a pound of ground beef would cost $30. So now we eat more meat than ever before, and it's continuing to grow. And we got to this point thanks to the extensive and far-reaching efforts of

governments and companies to push our diets towards meat. What we need now is the same fundamental shift in what we eat, but in the opposite direction, back towards plants. I'm here today as a food and climate expert because diet shifts are critical for the planet. The only way that we can reach climate targets and feed 10 billion people is by reducing the production and consumption of industrial meat. We need other solutions, we need regenerative agriculture, and we need to address food loss and waste, but those alone are insufficient to reach climate goals. Diet shifts are also essential for food security and health. We need to grow more food on less land by 2050, and to do that, we need to shift from land-intensive animal protein to land-efficient vegetable protein. And that also helps with our health. Grots continued to put meat in pretty much every meal, and by the time I was about 11, that diet caught up with my dad, her son, and he had a massive heart attack. I don't remember a lot about it, but I

remember sitting in this hospital waiting for him to get out of six-way bypass surgery using this very high-tech surgery plan of 1996. My mom took me and my siblings to get dinner in the hospital while we waited, and she took us to the only restaurant that was available, a McDonald's. So, we sat there eating greasy cheeseburgers while my dad was on the floor above having open-heart surgery due to years of eating unhealthy food. We ate there because it was really all that was available. After my dad's surgery, our household went largely plant-based thanks to my mom and my dad. He's still alive, so I know firsthand how plant-rich diets can be life-saving. And now we know that overconsumption of meat is a leading cause of preventable disease, including heart disease, but also obesity and diabetes. We also know that meat is a leading cause of climate change. Meat alone can account for as much as 20% of global emissions. We also know that we're misusing nearly half of our farmland to

grow feed for animals rather than food for humans. But no one really wants to talk about this proverbial cow in the room: the fundamental need to shift our food system away from industrial meat. And maybe it's because we know people really care about what they eat, or maybe it's because we know we're not going to get there by pleading with people to eat differently, especially when most consumers have to go out of their way and pay more for alternative products. What we need is for companies and governments to offer an incentivized plant-rich diet, the same way they did for meat decades ago. I need to walk into a McDonald's and see a menu full of plant-rich options and have them be just as cheap or cheaper than the Big Mac. And we need our schools and hospitals to offer plant-based foods as the default, where you can get meat but you have to ask for it as the exception. And we need just as much money to flow into the plant-based industry as currently makes meat wildly and

artificially cheap. Whether that's making better black bean burgers or novel alternative proteins, we know that this can work because it has before, and we know it's working again in the places where we've dared to try it. Just last month, I was in Germany. I walked into a Burger King, and bam, I was bombarded with ads for their plant-based Whopper. It was all over the store, and the plant-based Whopper was the center of the menu, and it was the same price as the regular Whopper. Today, in Burger Kings in Germany, one in five of all Whoppers sold are plant-based. One in five in the country that invented the Frankfurter. Or take Leclerc. It's one of the largest supermarkets in Europe. They decided to put their plant-based meat next to the conventional meat in the meat section and make it the same price. So when you went to grab a package of ground beef, you had a healthier, sustainable plant-based option right next to it that cost the same. Within 6

months of making this change, the sale of their plant-based products went up by 30% and shows no sign of flagging. Even in New York City Public Schools, the largest school district in the country, they now have plant-based lunches for students. So, over a million children are eating plant-based lunches at least once a week. Now, scaling from here, it's not easy politically or personally, but we're not talking about never eating meat; we're talking about less meat and more plants. We're talking about overconsumption of meat. The average American right now eats six times the recommended amount of red meat—six times. If we were to just half that, it would have massive benefits for the climate, for food security, and for health. And companies and governments have been telling us for decades what to eat. They have the power to help us choose differently, and yes, there's progress to be made. We need products that are plant-based to be healthier and cheaper, but without a doubt, eating more plants is better for the planet, better for animals, and better for us. And when

companies and governments make it easier for us to choose differently. We do. People want healthy and sustainable options, but it's simply not that easy to make that choice today. The momentum is growing that McDonald's in the hospital. It got kicked out, and my dad gets to play and share hot dogs in the occasional hot dog at family barbecues. And that's the world I envision for all of us, where we're able to improve public health, we have avoided the worst of the climate crisis, and we've improved global food security. That world is possible because we've shifted diets before, and we can do it again. Thank you.

The Hidden Forces Behind Your Food Choices | Sarah Lake | TED

The TED Talks channel features the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. You're welcome to link to or embed these videos, forward them to others and share these ideas with people you know.

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy. For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

1950년대 주부였던 토츠 할머니는 고기가 없는 식사를 상상하기 힘들어했는데, 이는 정부와 기업이 고기를 체력과 부양에 필수적인 것으로 강력하게 홍보한 것을 반영합니다.

희귀한 육류 간식에서 하루 세 끼 육류 소비로 전례 없는 식단의 변화는 정부의 보조금과 홍보에 힘입은 바가 컸습니다.

오늘날에도 육류는 여전히 지배적이고 가장 저렴한 선택지이기 때문에 사람들은 대체 식품을 선택하기 어려워 육류 소비가 계속 증가하고 있습니다.

식물성 식단으로 전환해야 하는 이유

기후 목표를 달성하고 100억 명의 인구를 먹여 살리기 위해서는 산업 육류의 생산과 소비를 줄이기 위해 식단의 근본적인 변화가 필요합니다.

2050년까지 식량 안보, 건강, 지속 가능한 식량 생산을 위해서는 토지 집약적인 동물성 단백질에서 토지 효율이 높은 식물성 단백질로 전환하는 것이 필수적입니다.

육류의 과잉 소비는 예방 가능한 질병과 기후 변화의 주요 원인으로, 전 세계 배출량의 최대 20%를 차지하며 농지의 거의 절반을 오용하고 있습니다.

식품 시스템의 변화: 식물이 풍부한 식단의 필요성

산업적 육류 생산에서 벗어나 인센티브를 제공하는 식물성 식단을 제공해야 합니다.

기업과 정부는 합리적인 가격의 식물성 식단을 제공하여 학교와 병원에서 이를 기본으로 제공해야 합니다.

버거킹의 식물성 와퍼와 르클레르의 가격 책정 전략과 같은 성공적인 사례는 이러한 변화가 효과가 있으며 이미 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여줍니다.

식물성 제품의 판매가 30% 증가했으며, 뉴욕시 공립학교에서는 현재 100만 명 이상의 어린이에게 식물성 점심을 제공하고 있습니다.

미국인은 평균적으로 권장량의 6배에 달하는 붉은 고기를 섭취하는데, 이를 절반으로 줄이면 기후, 식량 안보, 건강에 상당한 이점을 가져올 수 있습니다.

기업과 정부는 우리의 식품 선택에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 힘을 가지고 있으며, 더 건강하고 저렴한 식물성 제품의 공급을 늘리는 것은 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 데 매우 중요합니다.

건강하고 지속 가능한 선택으로의 전환

기업과 정부는 사람들이 건강하고 지속 가능한 옵션을 더 쉽게 선택할 수 있도록 노력하고 있지만, 여전히 어려운 과제입니다.

맥도날드가 병원에서 퇴출되는 등 변화의 움직임이 커지고 있습니다.

연사는 식단의 변화를 통해 공중 보건이 개선되고 기후 위기를 방지하며 세계 식량 안보가 개선되는 세상을 상상합니다.