헤즈볼라의 부상: 레바논의 군사화와 정치적 영향력

### 헤즈볼라의 부상: 민병대에서 지역 강자로의 부상
* 💰 헤즈볼라는 운영 예산의 대부분을 이란으로부터 지원받는데, **미 국무부는 2022년 기준 수억 달러에 이를 것**으로 추정하고 있습니다.
* 🤝 또한 헤즈볼라는 본부를 제공하고 이란산 무기를 공급하는 등 전략적으로 헤즈볼라를 지원해 온 **시리아와도 동맹 관계**를 맺고 있습니다.
* 🚀 헤즈볼라의 무기고에는 **텔아비브에 도달할 수 있는 수만 개의 미사일**이 포함되어 있어 이스라엘의 공격을 억제하는 역할을 합니다.
* 🗳 ️ 헤즈볼라는 군사력 외에도 **레바논 정부, 특히 시아파 공동체 내에서 상당한 영향력**을 행사하는 정당이기도 합니다.
* 🏥 수년에 걸쳐 헤즈볼라는 **학교와 병원 운영과 같은 사회 서비스**를 제공함으로써 영향력을 확대했고, 이는 **풀뿌리 지지를 얻는 데 도움이** 되었습니다.
* 🌐 헤즈볼라는 **2013년부터 시리아 내전에 개입**하면서 이란 및 기타 지역 동맹국과의 관계를 더욱 강화했습니다.
* 🇮🇱🇱🇧 이스라엘과 헤즈볼라 간의 긴장이 고조되면서 최근 공격과 보복이 이어져 **전면전으로 이어질 수 있다는 우려**가 커지고 있습니다.
* 🔮 이스라엘과 헤즈볼라 간의 분쟁이 계속되면서 이 지역의 안정과 **더 큰 지역 전쟁의 가능성**에 대한 우려가 커지고 있습니다.

헤즈볼라가 민병대에서 중동의 강력한 세력으로 성장할 수 있었던 것은 이란의 지원과 레바논에서의 정치적 영향력에 힘입은 바가 큽니다.

(bombs exploding). (camera person exclaiming). - [Narrator] Israel and the Lebanese group Hezbollah are on the brink of an all-out war. After an attack that left 12 dead at a soccer field in the Israel-controlled Golan Heights, Hezbollah denied any involvement. Israel launched a retaliatory attack targeting one of Hezbollah's top military leaders in the capital city of Beirut just days later. The escalation comes after decades of simmering conflict along Israel's northern border. In that time, Hezbollah, a US designated terror organization, has grown from a small militia to a powerful military and political force in the Middle East. Here's how Hezbollah built its arsenal and influence, and what the continued fighting could mean for the region. (bombs exploding). To understand how Hezbollah amassed its power, we have to look back five decades and beyond Lebanon's borders to Israel and Iran. In 1979, Iran was in the aftermath of a revolution.

that installed Ayatollah Khomeini as Iran's first supreme leader
of the Islamic Republic. Khomeini wanted to unify Islamic groups throughout the Middle East. - One of the bedrocks of the Islamic Republic
was not only the idea of a revolution within Iran, but the whole idea was to
export this revolution. - [Narrator] Matthew Levitt is a former counter-terrorism expert for the FBI, State
Department, and US Treasury, and is currently a fellow
at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. - And so they looked first to countries where there are decent
size Shia minorities. - [Narrator] One of these was Lebanon where a conflict had broken out between Israel and Palestinian fighters. - There were secular Palestinian
groups who were kicked out of Jordan and made their way to Lebanon and were using Southern
Lebanon as a launching pad to carry out attacks against Israel. - Israel first invaded
Lebanon back in 1978 after an attack by Palestinian
militants that killed dozens

of Israeli civilians. And in response, Israel
invaded southern Lebanon, and the conflict led to hundreds
of deaths among Lebanese. Then four years later, in 1982, Israel invaded southern
Lebanon again as a result of skirmishes across the border. - [Narrator] The Shiites were one of several conflicting religious
groups involved in a civil war in the country, and some of its militant
factions started accepting support from Iran. - Iran provided intelligence. It provided more arms. It provided funds. By 1982, Iran is sending
people across Iraq and Syria to the Becca Valley, and they're establishing
in a barracks there, a training place in Lebanon. - [Narrator] And as resources poured in, these Shiite factions became more organized. - Originally, the idea was
really just to create an umbrella for these groups, but really
it ended up becoming a much more structured, hierarchical organization that became known as Hizballah.

Literally, the party of God. - [Narrator] Hezbollah released
its first manifesto in 1985. - The idea, as it's made very, very clear in the open
letter, that this new group Hezbollah takes direction
from, pledges fealty to Iran, sees the supreme leader of Iran as their leader, and the mouthpiece of God on Earth, sees the United States and French, France specifically, but Western General as the reason for all the world's ills, is
committed to the destruction of the state of Israel, and is against any idea
of negotiating with it. - [Narrator] Though Hezbollah has become less dependent on Iran in recent years, as of 2022,
it still received the bulk of its operating budget from Iran. A number of the US State
Department estimates to be in the hundreds
of millions of dollars, but Iran isn't the group's
only source of support. It's also allied with Syria.

- You know, if you look at the map, Syria is strategically located. It kind of surrounds Lebanon
to the west and north. Syria became a very, very important part of the development of Hezbollah over the years, provided headquarters for Hezbollah in Syria,
provided their own weapons, and certainly facilitated the
provision of Iranian weapons to Hezbollah through Syria. - [Narrator] These relationships have helped Hezbollah build up its arsenal, which includes a
number of sophisticated weapons. - Hezbollah uses this arsenal to occasionally prod Israel in sort of cross-border skirmishes, but it also uses this as deterrents. The Israelis know that
if they attack Lebanon, or for that matter, Iran,
Hezbollah has missiles that can reach Tel Aviv, and they have tens of thousands of them. - [Narrator] As Hezbollah's
military power has grown, so has its political influence. - It's important to
remember that in addition to being militia, Hezbollah
is also a political party.

that seeks to carry favor
with voters in Lebanon and its Shiite constituents. - [Narrator] Leading that
effort is its longtime leader. - Since 1992, the leader of Hezbollah and Secretary General has
been Hassan Nasrallah, who is a charismatic figure among Lebanese and a trusted ally of Iran. (Hassan speaking in foreign language) (crowd cheers) - [Narrator] In 1992, Hezbollah also took on an
official role in Lebanon's government with members
participating in elections and winning for the first time. - Lebanon's political system
is divided into the three main religious sects in the country: The Sunnis, the Shi'as,
and the Christians. Hezbollah, as one of the main Shi'a groups,
commands a disproportionate amount of power. - Hezbollah being apart
from the government can make its own decisions. What is it an organization want, and then it can task its members
who are parliamentarians.

its members who are ministers or of other positions in government or in the military to do what
they can to implement those. - [Narrator] Under Nasrallah's leadership, Hezbollah has become intertwined with the social fabric of Lebanon. - Hezbollah, over the years, has become increasingly
involved in delivering social services. It runs schools, it runs hospitals, it builds infrastructure,
it trains farmers, and all this has helped
Hezbollah cast itself as sort of an alternative to the actual
government in Lebanon. - If you are getting
your child free education and your child gets one hot
meal a day at school from Hezbollah, you're probably
gonna vote for Hezbollah. - To help bolsters public standing, Hezbollah also runs
extensive media operations. It has various media outlets and an army of journalists
who travel with its fighters to the front where it reports
on skirmishes with Israel. - What Hezbollah does through
this is build grassroots support, but also builds
up what it calls a culture

of resistance. It's critical for Hezbollah
to make people feel that there's something
they need to resist. - [Narrator] War broke out in 2006 after Hezbollah fighters abducted Israeli soldiers across the border. - Several hundred people
were killed in this conflict, primarily Lebanese, and
this spurred Hezbollah and Iran to expand on
the groups, the military. And since then,
Hezbollah's missile arsenal has grown almost tenfold. - [Narrator] Then in 2013, when it publicly joined
the Syrian civil War, defending the regime of Bashar all Assad. - Through their presence, it
has become an even more trusted ally of Iran, but it's also strengthened relations with other Iranian allies. - [Narrator] As Hezbollah's
influence has grown, so has tension in the region.
(weapon explodes) Israel and Hezbollah have
regularly exchanged fire after the October 7th attacks by Hamas. (weapons firing)
(bombs exploding)

Israel's military said it believed the strike in the Golan Heights in July was carried out by Hezbollah. It also said it was the largest civilian casualty event in Israel since October 7th. Israel authorized a retaliatory attack the following day as the US and other countries attempted to de-escalate the situation. We're in conversations with the government of Israel, and again, I emphasize its right to defend its citizens and our determination to make sure that they're able to do that. But we also don't wanna see the conflict escalate. We don't wanna see it spread, that has been one of our goals from day one, from October 7th on. But the conflict has continued to escalate. (sirens blaring)

How Hezbollah Came to Power in the Middle East | WSJ

The Wall Street Journal takes you inside carefully selected stories and events in a visually captivating way so you can dig deeper into the news and insights that matter to you. 

The Wall Street Journal

이스라엘과 헤즈볼라 간의 긴장 고조

헤즈볼라와 이스라엘은 골란고원에서 치명적인 공격을 받은 후 전면전 직전까지 치닫고 있습니다.

이스라엘은 베이루트의 헤즈볼라 최고 지도자를 표적으로 삼아 보복 공격을 감행했고, 북쪽 국경을 따라 수십 년 동안 이어져 온 분쟁이 격화되었습니다.

이란의 혁명과 이스라엘-팔레스타인 분쟁으로 인해 헤즈볼라의 힘과 영향력이 커지면서 헤즈볼라는 중동에서 중요한 세력으로 변모했습니다.

헤즈볼라는 1980년대 이스라엘의 레바논 남부 침공과 내전에 대응하기 위해 이란의 지원을 받아 결성되었습니다.

이 단체의 선언문에는 이란에 대한 충성, 서방에 대한 반대, 이스라엘 파괴에 대한 헌신이 명확히 명시되어 있습니다.

최근 몇 년 동안 이란에 대한 의존도가 줄어들었지만 헤즈볼라는 여전히 자금의 대부분을 이란으로부터 지원받고 있으며 시리아로부터도 지원을 받고 있습니다.

시리아와 레바논에서 헤즈볼라의 영향력과 영향력

시리아는 헤즈볼라에 본부와 무기를 제공하는 동시에 이란의 무기 공급을 촉진하는 등 헤즈볼라의 발전에 중요한 역할을 해왔습니다.

헤즈볼라의 군사력 증강은 이스라엘과의 간헐적인 교전뿐만 아니라 상당한 미사일 무기를 보유한 억지력으로도 활용되고 있습니다.

민병대 역할 외에도 헤즈볼라는 레바논 유권자들의 지지를 얻기 위해 노력하는 정당으로서 레바논의 정치 시스템에서 주요 시아파 그룹 중 하나로서 막강한 권력을 쥐고 있습니다.

헤즈볼라의 영향력 및 영향력 확대

헤즈볼라는 사회 서비스를 제공하고 광범위한 미디어 운영을 통해 레바논의 사회 구조에 통합되어 지지층을 구축했습니다.

이 단체는 미사일 무기를 거의 10배로 늘리고 시리아 내전에 가담하는 등 군사력을 크게 확장하여 이 지역의 긴장을 고조시켰습니다.

헤즈볼라의 영향력이 커지면서 이스라엘과 정기적인 충돌과 총격전이 벌어지고 있습니다.

이스라엘 군, 골란고원 공습을 헤즈볼라 탓으로 돌리다

7월의 골란고원 공습은 이스라엘 군이 헤즈볼라의 소행으로 추정했습니다.

이 공격은 10월 7일 이후 이스라엘에서 발생한 가장 심각한 민간인 사상자 사건으로 기록되었습니다.

긴장을 완화하려는 국제사회의 노력에도 불구하고 이스라엘은 다음 날 보복 공격을 승인하면서 자국민을 보호하고 추가 확전을 피하겠다는 의지를 표명했습니다.