라틴계 유권자: 2024년 선거 결과의 핵심

### 2024년 선거에서 라틴계 유권자 지지의 변화하는 풍경
* 🗳 민주당은 라틴계 유권자의 지지가 감소하고 있으며, **더 많은 라틴계가 민주당 지지자가 아닌 무소속**으로 분류되면서 공화당 지지자가 얻는 것보다 잃는 유권자가 더 많아지고 있습니다.
* 🔍 양당 모두에게 기회는 접전 중인 대선에서 **주요 스윙 스테이트에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있는 미결정 라틴계 유권자들**을 효과적으로 공략하는 데 있습니다.
* 📈 2000년 이후 미국의 라틴계 인구는 **거의 두 배로 증가**했으며, 젊고 미국화된 유권자들은 **이민자 부모 세대와 다른 투표 패턴**을 보이고 있습니다.
* 💼 경제 문제는 노동 계급에 속하며 **저임금과 고용 안정성 등의 문제**에 직면해 있는 라틴계 유권자들에게 여전히 가장 큰 관심사입니다.
* 🏠 카말라 해리스 의원은 특히 라틴계 가정에 혜택을 줄 수 있는 **첫 주택 구매자를 위한 25,000달러의 계약금 지원**과 같은 이니셔티브를 제안했습니다.
* 📊 반면 트럼프는 자신의 경제 실적을 강조하며 **관세와 세금 혜택을 통한 일자리 창출**을 제안하는 동시에 이민 문제를 경제 문제와 연결시키고 있습니다.
* 🔒 민주당은 더 엄격한 입장을 취하고 공화당은 극단적인 조치를 옹호하는 등 양당 모두 이민 정책을 조정하고 있지만, 많은 라틴계 유권자들은 **트럼프의 수사에 개인적으로 표적이 되었다고 느끼지 않습니다.**
* 📅 라틴계 유권자가 **유권자에서 두 번째로 큰 인종 블록**이 될 것으로 예상되는 가운데, 양당은 선거를 앞둔 마지막 몇 주 동안 이들의 지지를 확보하기 위해 경쟁하고 있습니다.

무소속으로 분류되는 라틴계 유권자들이 박빙의 선거에서 주를 좌우하는 열쇠를 쥐고 있습니다.

- [Reporter] Democrats are winning Latino support with smaller margins than they have in the last four elections. But if you look at gains and losses, you'll see that Democrats are losing more Latino voters than Republicans are gaining. That's partly because while fewer Latinos are identifying as Democratic, more are saying they're independent, meaning they're up for grabs for either party. - Therein lies the opportunity depending on who really decides to court and win over the support of these voters. - [Reporter] In a year where the presidential race is neck and neck, undecided Latino voters could play a major role in key swing states, if Harris and Trump can convince them to vote at all. - Latinos have the weakest partisan anchor of any race or ethnicity in the country. - [Reporter] Here's why Latino voters are so difficult to pin down and how both parties are trying to win them over before election day. - Puerto Ricans, let's stay united.

Let's vote for Trump. - We're gonna say, Sí se puede. (audience cheers) - [Reporter] To understand what's going on here, you need to understand how the Latino population in the US has grown. Since 2000, it's nearly doubled in size, and a larger percentage is born in the US. - The children of immigrants vote very differently than the immigrants themselves, and the grandchildren of immigrants, it's like a tectonic shift. It's a younger, more Americanized, more acculturated voter, and they're not terribly dissimilar from their white counterparts. - [Reporter] Second-generation Hispanics and higher identify less as Hispanic and more as American than foreign-born Hispanics, and they identify less with the countries their families come from. - The highest numbers of alignment with the Democratic side are actually older Latinos, and where you are seeing more of the churn is among younger voters. - [Reporter] Newer Latino voters

are more likely to classify themselves as independent than more established Latino voters. - We have a really disaffected community here, young people who simply don't believe that the politicians of either party are actually going to do anything. - [Reporter] Mike Madrid, a Republican political consultant, says there are a number of reasons for this, but one big one is the state of the economy. - The economic standing and the quality of life of Latinos has not improved markedly in a lot of places. It doesn't mean that there aren't a lot of growth in the middle class, but broadly speaking, there are far too many that are still left behind. - [Reporter] The economy consistently ranks as one of the top issues for Latino voters who make up an increasing portion of the working class, typically defined as workers without a college degree. - We are talking about a community that definitely is made up of working families where people are concerned about the wages

that their jobs are paying, where people sometimes have to take more than one job to make ends meet, and the stability and the quality of those jobs. - [Reporter] Both candidates are focusing on this in their messaging to Latino voters. - I know prices are too high still. You know prices are too high still. And we have to deal with it. - Many folks have talked about Democrats' struggle to connect with the American working class or in general on economic issues. - [Reporter] Harris' campaign released an ad in September about affordable housing and food prices aimed at Latino voters in Pennsylvania. - She heard the cries of families getting their homes taken away by corrupt banks. - [Reporter] Harris has said that part of her plan for affordable housing would include $25,000 in down payment assistance for first-time home buyers. - Her proposal offers down payment home buyer assistance, not just to people who have never owned a home before,

which is a lot of Latinos, but to people who've generationally never owned a home before. Now, she may not be specifically saying it's a Latino proposal, but overwhelmingly this benefits Latinos in this economy. - [Reporter] In an interview with Spanish language broadcaster Telemundo, she also announced that she would remove college degree requirements for federal government positions. - Part of my plan includes understanding that skills and experience should be as important as a college degree in determining who is a qualified worker to take on a job. - [Reporter] Trump has focused on his economic record during his presidency. - We had the greatest economy in the history of our country. Now we have a lousy economy, primarily because of inflation. - One of the areas where Republicans have an advantage is that they have been able to solidify a perception that if voters are more concerned about the economy, they should look more at the Republican side.

- [Reporter] In round tables and town halls with Latino voters, Trump has spoken about creating more jobs with his energy and tariff plans. - It's gonna happen very fast through intelligent taxation, tariffs, and incentives, and you're gonna have companies pouring into our country. - [Reporter] He's also associated economic issues with immigration, the issue he polls highest on. - Now, let me tell you what is happening at the border because it's affecting you probably more than anybody else. African Americans, Hispanic Americans. People are pouring in and taking your jobs. - [Reporter] Immigration is one of the top issues among Latino voters, though it ranks lower among younger age groups. But the immigration policies Latino voters are looking for are changing. While they overwhelmingly support pathways to citizenship, just in the last year there's been an uptick in prioritizing border security. - I think some folks assume that being for border security

equates with being anti-immigrant, but that is a very wrong assumption. - [Reporter] The Democratic Party has taken up a stricter stance on border security this year. - The United States is a sovereign nation, and I believe we have a duty to set rules at our border and to enforce them. - [Reporter] And Trump is advocating for extreme measures. - We will begin the largest deportation operation in American history, and we have no choice. (audience cheers) - [Reporter] Some experts say that Trump takes his language about immigration too far. - Kamala has imported an army of illegal alien gang members and migrant criminals from the dungeons of the Third World. - [Reporter] But most Latinos, particularly US-born Latinos, don't think that Trump is talking about them when he talks about problems with immigration. - It's easier, I think, to ignore the awful language when you agree with the solution.

- [Reporter] Both parties are aiming to increase their standing with this group who make a bigger difference in the electorate than ever. In 1996, Latinos made up just over 6% of eligible voters. In 2012, they crossed double digits. But this year, they'll pass up Black voters as the second largest block by race in the US. And this pool of voters has spread out further across the country. - The reality is that Latinos are a national population, and in speaking electorally, we know that they are going to be a decisive factor in shaping the political landscape in places like Arizona and Nevada for sure, but also in places like Pennsylvania and even in places like Michigan, Wisconsin, and Georgia, where Latinos in 2020 voted in numbers larger than the presidential margins of victory in those states. - [Reporter] These are swing states that could go either way in a tight election,

but Latino voters also have one of the lowest voter turnout rates. One of the issues with this electorate is looking at the pool that is unregistered, and because we are adding about a million every year, that pool is gonna be growing consistently. [Reporter] But for this year, both parties are fighting to lock down these undecided voters in the final weeks before the election. (gentle music)

Why Harris Is Struggling With 2024’s Latino Vote | WSJ State of the Stat

The Wall Street Journal takes you inside carefully selected stories and events in a visually captivating way so you can dig deeper into the news and insights that matter to you. 

The Wall Street Journal

민주당은 공화당이 확보하는 비율보다 더 빠른 속도로 라틴계 유권자를 잃고 있으며, 이로 인해 더 많은 라틴계가 무소속으로 분류되고 있습니다.

미국의 라틴계 인구는 2000년 이후 거의 두 배로 증가했으며, 미국화된 젊은 유권자들은 이민자 부모와는 다른 투표 패턴을 보이고 있습니다.

많은 라티노의 경제적 지위와 삶의 질은 크게 개선되지 않았기 때문에 경제는 이 노동계급 커뮤니티의 가장 큰 관심사입니다.

라틴계 유권자를 위한 후보자들의 경제 이슈에 대한 초점

두 후보 모두 라틴계 유권자들에게 보내는 메시지에서 고용 안정성과 높은 생활비 문제를 다루고 있습니다.

해리스의 캠페인은 저렴한 주택과 식료품 가격을 홍보하고 있으며, 첫 주택 구매자에게 2만 5,000달러의 계약금 지원을 제안하고 있습니다.

트럼프는 경제 문제에 대한 유권자의 인식을 공화당 쪽으로 전환하기 위해 대통령 재임 기간 동안의 경제 기록을 강조하고 있습니다.

트럼프의 라틴계 유권자에 대한 호소

트럼프는 라틴계 유권자들과의 대담에서 일자리 창출과 경제 문제를 이민과 연계하여 집중적으로 다루었습니다.

이민이 가장 큰 관심사이기는 하지만, 라틴계 유권자들의 우선순위는 국경 안보로 옮겨가고 있습니다.

트럼프의 이민에 대한 극단적인 조치와 논란의 여지가 있는 표현은 비판을 불러일으켰지만, 많은 미국 태생의 라틴계 유권자들은 트럼프의 수사가 자신들을 겨냥한 것이 아니라고 생각하고 있습니다.

라틴계는 이제 미국에서 유권자 중 두 번째로 큰 인종 그룹을 대표하며 중요한 선거 세력으로 성장하고 있습니다.

애리조나, 네바다, 펜실베니아, 미시간, 위스콘신, 조지아 등 주요 스윙 스테이트에서 라틴계 유권자의 득표율이 대선 승리율을 넘어서는 등 그 영향력이 두드러지고 있습니다.

라틴계 유권자의 수는 증가하고 있지만 투표율이 가장 낮은 집단 중 하나이며 미등록 유권자가 지속적으로 증가하고 있습니다.