Indonesia does not have a food crisis. What we have is actually
a food policy crisis. We have the answer, actually,
in our food biodiversity. We have over 1,200 grains,
over 600 edible roots, not to mention more than 550 fruits

and 1,600 seafood and many more. And we can find all these food sources
in different landscapes. So Indonesia has a very diverse landscape. We have over 17,000 islands
across the archipelago, from sea to the mountains,

including rainforest,
mangrove area, peatland area, arid land area. You know, everything is there. So actually there is no need
for a one-size-fits-all diet, because each of these landscapes
have their own food sources.

For a lot of Indigenous communities, these landscapes
are a supermarket without bills. So I started Javara 15 years ago with the mission of bringing back
forgotten food biodiversity to help Indigenous and smallholder
food farmers to improve their lives,

while also providing consumers
with healthier diets, with products that are also ecological. So of course, I got to travel
across Indonesia, spending time with Indigenous communities, and to my surprise, places that are so remote and not even touched
by the government policy,

food policy programs, are well-fed and healthy. Yes, they may not have much cash, but they are not lacking
of healthy, nutritious food, as long as the natural environment
is not being destroyed. So let's look into
the crop diversity that we have.

We have grains. We have edible roots. We have fruit-based.
We even have tree trunk. And all of these are gluten-free. (Laughter) So another example
is on our sugar diversity. We have at least four native fruit trees, 

including coconut
for the lowland and coastal area, arenga tree in the forest area. We have arid land with the lontar or palmyra sugar. And then we have nypa in the wetland. But by the way, nypa also produces salt. 

How bizarre it is. The same plant produces sugar and salt. And every single one of these sugars
is low-glycemic, providing slow-release energy. And they are very sustainable. They can easily be productive
at least for another 50 years. 

Yet the government decided
to come up with massive food estates on sugar cane plantations. So let's deep dive into an example
of ube or greater yam. Ube can be found in the wild. Easily domesticated,
can grow under the shade of the tree, 

and it can easily --
you get over 40 kilos each harvest. So this is the type of staple food which you don't need
to destroy the forest, you don't need to poison our soil, and basically you don't even need
to introduce a new type of crop. 

Unfortunately, the government, the policy for over four decades
chose to ignore our food biodiversity, and instead monoculture of rice prevails. Over 98 percent of Indonesians
are consuming rice right now. Let's compare with 1954,
where actually it was only 53 percent. 

The rest was based on cassava,
corn, sago and other edible roots. So I have to say, this is embarrassing, and at the same time very frustrating that a country like Indonesia
where the food is abundant, we have such a high rate
on stunting and malnutrition,

not to mention the impact
of our food policy towards deforestation, land degradation,
climate change, natural disasters, impoverishment of our farmers and also poor diet among the population. We do have a vision, actually,
on how the policy should be.

We need to shift from monoculture
to food biodiversity. We need to revive back the heritage food that actually can provide
good nutrition for all, while also keeping intact the nature. It is time for us to give a center stage
for the food biodiversity.

To be able to find
the solutions that we need. This is an example
of a small village in Central Java, which decided to embark on a journey
to nourish its community, making sure that every household
[has] a food garden,

cultivating chicken, fish,
vegetables, fruits, herbs. And this is interesting
because once they did that, they can reduce their grocery
costs by 30 percent, improving their household
income by 20 percent, increasing class attendance
and also improving the student grades.

So nutrition matters. Feeding the nation is one thing, but nourishing the community
goes a very long way. So children [are] our future. It is also time for the food policy to also include food culture education
into our curriculum,

teaching our children
about where their food comes from, what is the food biodiversity
available around them, to embrace their food culture identity, to understand the nutrition that they have and how our food relates
with sustainability. So basically, 

if we can shift the policy to include food biodiversity, we can provide nutrition, good nutrition for all without jeopardizing our nature. It is time for us
to invest more in food biodiversity, in the mainstreaming of biodiversity as a practical, inclusive solution
for the future of our food.

Not only that we have
a food policy crisis, we also have a food identity crisis. For decades, we have been ripped off from our relationship
to culture and nature. We have to help the people
to go through this crisis of identity,

allowing them to understand
the importance of heritage food to become the answer, and also to understand
that it is the food of the future. Rebranding it, making it sexy and hyped so that it is no longer perceived
as a poor man's diet.

The Foods Humanity Forgot — and How We’re Bringing Them Back | Helianti Hilman | TED

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인도네시아의 식량 정책 위기와 생물 다양성

인도네시아는 식량 위기가 아닌 식량 정책의 위기에 직면해 있지만, 풍부한 생물 다양성이 해법을 제시합니다.

인도네시아의 17,000개 섬에 걸쳐 있는 다양한 지형은 다양한 식재료를 제공합니다.

다양한 환경에서는 다이어트에 대한 획일적인 접근 방식을 피해야 합니다.

자바라의 사명은 잊혀진 생물 다양성을 되살려 농부와 소비자의 삶을 개선하는 것입니다.

정부 정책의 영향을 받지 않는 외딴 지역 사회는 천연 자원 덕분에 잘 먹고 잘 살고 있습니다.

인도네시아의 다양한 식품 공급원 예시

다양한 글루텐 프리 곡물, 식용 뿌리, 과일, 심지어 나무 줄기까지.

네 가지 토종 과일 나무는 50년 이상 지속 가능한 저혈당 당분을 제공합니다.

니파 야자는 독특하게도 설탕과 소금을 모두 생산합니다.

우베(참마)는 삼림 벌채나 토양 오염이 필요 없는 지속 가능한 주식입니다.

식량 생물 다양성 무시로 인한 결과

생물 다양성을 무시한 수십 년간의 단일 품종 벼 재배는 높은 발육 부진과 영양실조 비율을 초래했습니다.

이 정책은 삼림 벌채, 토지 황폐화, 기후 변화, 농부 빈곤으로 이어졌습니다.

현재의 식량 정책은 국민들의 식생활에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있습니다.

미래를 위한 솔루션 및 비전 제안

단일 재배에서 식품 생물 다양성으로 전환하여 영양을 개선하고 자연을 보호하세요.

중부 자바의 한 마을에서 텃밭을 통해 지역사회의 건강과 소득을 개선한 사례.

식문화 교육을 커리큘럼에 통합하여 아이들에게 음식의 원산지와 생물 다양성에 대해 가르치세요.

식량 생물 다양성에 투자하면 환경 파괴 없이 좋은 영양을 얻을 수 있습니다.

인도네시아의 식량 정체성 위기 해결

수십 년 동안 문화와 자연과의 단절로 인해 음식의 정체성에 위기가 찾아왔습니다.

'가난한 사람들의 식단'이라는 인식을 극복하기 위한 전통 음식의 리브랜딩.

The Foods Humanity Forgot — and How We’re Bringing Them Back | Helianti Hilman | TED

The Foods Humanity Forgot — and How We’re Bringing Them Back | Helianti Hilman | TED

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