피드백 제어: 플랜트의 입력 조정을 위한 출력 활용

피드백 제어는 플랜트 출력을 활용하여 플랜트에 대한 제어 입력을 생성하는 것입니다.

### 피드백 제어: 에어컨의 정의, 개념 및 적용 예시
* 🔒 "이 교재에서 **'피드백 제어'는 플랜트의 출력을 컨트롤러의 입력으로 사용하여 플랜트에 대한 제어 입력을 생성하는 것**을 말하며, 피드백 제어에 중점을 둡니다.
* 🤖 피드백 제어의 개념은 우리말로 **모델링, 모방, 시뮬레이션**을 뜻하는 '뛰듯'으로 소개됩니다.
* 💯 현재 상황과 원하는 결과를 비교하고 **"Fit 100 Control"**과 같이 원하는 결과를 얻기 위한 해결책을 제시하는 것입니다.
* 🚗 피드백 제어의 잘 알려진 예로는 **자동차의 속도를 유지하기 위한 크루즈 컨트롤**과 **에어컨으로 실내 온도를 조절**하는 기능이 있습니다.
* ❄ 에어컨 예시에서는 **리모컨을 사용하여 원하는 실내 온도를 설정**하고 온도 센서가 에어컨에 피드백을 제공하여 **설정된 온도를 유지**하도록 합니다.
* 🔧 에어컨은 **센서의 피드백에 따라 지속적으로 냉방을 조절**하여 실내 온도를 안정적으로 유지합니다.
* 🏠 원하는 상태와 실제 상태를 비교하고 피드백에 따라 조정하는 이 과정이 바로 **피드백 제어의 핵심**입니다.

Now that we have grasped the concept of control, let's move on to what control really means in this textbook. This is quite important because we will mainly focus on feedback control. Therefore, the definition of feedback control in this textbook is that it is the utilization of the plant's output as the controller's input to generate control inputs for the plant. Many terms have been introduced. Let's put aside the relationship between the plant and the controller for now because we will discuss it later. If you receive control too mechanically, you will have no choice but to memorize it. So, let me start rambling again. First of all, what is a 뛰듯? In Korean, it means modeling, imitation, or simulation. We will delve into this later.

It says that it's a feedback, but actually, isn't it something like that? I messed up my midterm exam. Then, the professor called me to his research lab. It's not his office, but he asked me why I got a 5 in the exam. He said, If you keep doing this, you might end up getting pretty bad grades. If he just said one word like that, what should I do if I fail again? I feel like I might have to drop out if I fail one more time. So, I will study hard with this pressure. I think this is what they call seeding 100. So, although he talked about 4g, it's about control. It was about pulling out what you want. How will it turn out? Now, the current situation is that I got 20 points on the midterm exam, but what I want is to get 100 points on the final exam. So, there are these two differences.

Well, if I do that, from now on, I should study Ah, Gorani's study method. I will study for 12 hours a week before the exam. I will establish this method. Anyway, it's comparing the desired results. And then, the solution I came up with is Fit 100 Control. It sounds good, but it feels a bit light, so let's maybe revisit it as an example once again. I will explain feedback control and how it is applied. When it comes to feedback control, there are a few well-known examples. Firstly, cruise control, which is a system that maintains a constant speed for a car, is widely used. Or, for example, regulating the temperature in a room with an air conditioner. I prefer the air conditioner because it's summer. So, if the current room temperature is 30 degrees Celsius, and I want it to be 20 degrees Celsius, I will explain how feedback control works.

So, I mentioned that the most important thing is to control it. I said that I want to set it the way I want. So, what do I want? I want the room temperature to be between 5 and 20 degrees Celsius. So, in order to set the room temperature to 20 degrees, I will need an air conditioner. So, I will try installing an air conditioner once. I mentioned that the air conditioner controls the room temperature, and currently, the room temperature is 30 degrees Celsius. The reason I left this space empty is actually nothing special; I wanted to put the remote control here. Well, we could also manually turn on the air conditioner by going directly to it, but isn't it more convenient to lie down and do it with the remote control? So, I drew a simple chart like this. Shall we give it a try? I definitely want the room temperature to be 20 degrees Celsius now. So, I will set the remote control to 5 and 20 degrees like this.

When we press the Live Con button, it's a bit detailed to explain. It gives a miraculous signal with your finger like this. Then, from the remote control to the air conditioner, now say, Set it to 20 degrees, and the air conditioner will turn on. It will send an electrical signal. When it sends this signal, the air conditioner will turn on. Then, from here, in order to lower the temperature of the air conditioner, it will send a physical signal. Then, the temperature will change from 30 degrees. For example, let's say it becomes 25 degrees. But clearly, what did I say about controlling it? It's to make what I want. But what I want now is 20 degrees, not 25 degrees. So when it's like that, to cool down to 20 degrees, one more step is needed. What is it?

Feedback control is directly the key sensor that can be called a temperature sensor. This is about checking the air conditioner once. Then, now, the sensor was identifying the temperature of the room, and converting it into an electrical signal at 25 degrees Celsius. And then, where will this signal be sent? It will be sent directly to the air conditioner. Exactly, the current temperature in our room is 25 degrees Celsius. And I will try changing the color. The current room temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, but on the remote control, it says I want it to be 20 degrees. So, what the air conditioner does is compare them once. What I want is 20 degrees, but currently, it is 25 degrees. Then, I need to keep the air conditioner running. However, now it will continuously blow air physically, like this, towards the room. Then, what happened is that 5 degrees were reduced to 18 degrees. Too cold.

I sent out a lot of wind like this, so now the sensor reads 28 degrees, and the air conditioner sends out 18 degrees accordingly. It sends out the data value, so the air conditioner compares again. If I set the remote control to 20 degrees, but the current room temperature is 18.4 degrees, and the air conditioner stops blowing cold air, it means it won't send out cold wind anymore. So, since it's midsummer, the room temperature will gradually rise a bit, and then it adjusts back to 20 degrees. This is what we can call feedback control.

[제어공학 뽀개기] 1-3. Feedback Control of Dynamic System - Feedback Control (피드백 제어/폐루프제어)

Jeongwon Lee

교과서에 나오는 피드백 제어의 정의

교과서에서는 피드백 제어를 플랜트와 제어기 간의 관계에 초점을 맞춰 플랜트의 출력을 사용하여 제어 입력을 생성하는 것으로 정의합니다.

한국어에서 '뛰듯'은 모델링, 모방 또는 시뮬레이션을 의미하는데, 이에 대해서는 나중에 설명하겠습니다.

저자는 개인적인 경험을 공유하며 이를 '시딩 100'의 개념과 연관시켜 제어에 성공해야 한다는 압박감을 강조합니다.

연구를 위한 Fit 100 제어 방법 구현하기

핏 100 컨트롤 방법은 일주일에 12시간 동안 공부하고 원하는 결과를 목표로 하는 것입니다.

피드백 제어는 크루즈 컨트롤 및 에어컨 온도 조절과 같은 예를 통해 설명됩니다.

목표는 에어컨을 사용하여 실내 온도를 섭씨 5도에서 20도 사이로 맞추는 것으로, 특정 조건을 설정하고 유지하는 개념을 보여줍니다.

피드백을 통한 에어컨 온도 제어

라이브 콘 버튼을 누르면 에어컨에 기적의 신호를 보내 온도를 20도로 설정합니다.

그러면 에어컨은 전기 신호를 보내 전원을 켜고 물리적 신호를 보내 온도를 25도까지 낮춥니다.

온도 센서를 사용하는 피드백 제어를 통해 에어컨은 원하는 온도를 지속적으로 조정하고 유지하여 온도가 너무 낮아지는 것을 방지할 수 있습니다.

에어컨은 피드백 제어 시스템을 사용하여 실내 온도에 따라 출력을 조절합니다.

설정 온도와 실제 실내 온도가 가까워지면 에어컨은 냉기 송풍을 멈추고 실내를 서서히 따뜻하게 한 후 다시 조절합니다.

이 과정은 일정한 온도를 유지하는 데 도움이 되며 쾌적함을 위해 매우 중요합니다.