극한 행성: 발견과 특성

뜨거운 켈트-9b부터 혹한의 OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb까지 극한 행성의 발견은 우주의 방대한 온도 변화를 보여줍니다.

### 우주의 극한 행성으로 떠나는 여행
* 🔥 태양계에서 태양에 가장 가까운 행성인 **수성은 낮에 표면 온도가 섭씨 430도까지** 올라갈 수 있습니다.
* 🔥 약 **620광년 떨어진 곳**에 위치한 켈트-9b는 수성보다 10배 이상 가까운 거리에서 항성 궤도를 돌며 **표면 온도가 무려 섭씨 4,300도**에 달합니다.
* ❄ OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb는 **표면 온도가 영하 50도 이상**으로 알려진 가장 추운 외계 행성입니다.
* 🌌 갈색왜성만큼 큰 천체인 **HR 2562 Bb는 지금까지 발견된 천체 중 가장 무거운 행성**으로 알려져 있습니다.
* 🌌 과학자들 사이에서는 **HR 2562 Bb를 실패한 항성으로 분류**할지, **행성으로 분류**할지에 대한 논쟁이 계속되고 있습니다.
* 🌍 케플러-37b는 지금까지 발견된 행성 중 가장 작은 행성으로, **지름이 약 3,900km**로 달보다 약간 더 큽니다.
* ⏳ PSR B1620-26 b는 지금까지 발견된 행성 중 가장 오래된 행성으로, 우주 자체의 나이만큼이나 오래된 **127억 년**이라는 놀라운 나이를 가지고 있습니다.
* ⏳ PSR B1620-26 b는 **중성자별과 백색왜성이 공존**하는데, 아마도 **고대에는 평범한 별**이었을 것입니다.

Oh, scientists have discovered many amazing planets during this time. From planets as hot as the sun to planets as old as the age of the universe, in this session, we have gathered the 6 most extreme planets in each field. In our solar system, the closest planet to the sun is Mercury. Mercury is about 58 million km away from the sun, and the surface temperature can rise to about 430 degrees during the day. Considering that the temperature on the surface of the sun is about 5500 degrees, it can be said that Mercury has a relatively high temperature for a small planet. However, compared to other exoplanets, Mercury's temperature is just lukewarm. About 620 light-years away in the direction of Cygnus, there is a star called Kelvin, which is 2.5 times heavier than the sun and has a surface temperature of almost 10000 degrees.

It is approaching and around it, there is a planet called Kelt-9b, which orbits the central star with a period of 1.5 days at a distance of about 4.5 million km. It orbits the central star at a distance more than 10 times closer than Mercury, and the surface temperature of this planet is a whopping 4,300 degrees Celsius. This temperature, 4,300 degrees, is higher than most stars with smaller masses than our Sun. If Kelt-9b planet was a rocky planet like Earth, it would have melted away quickly. Unlike Jupiter, Kelt-9b planet, composed mainly of gases, is gradually shrinking as the gases evaporate. In the universe, the coldest known exoplanet is OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, with a surface temperature of only about 50 degrees above absolute zero. Additionally, this planet has a mass equivalent to about seven times that of Earth.

It reaches about 5.5 times and is highly likely to be a rocky planet similar to Earth. The reason the temperature on this planet is so extremely low is not that it is very far from its parent star. It is located at a distance similar to that between Mars and Jupiter in our solar system. The key issue lies in its formation. The possibility of a very low-temperature and low-mass red dwarf star is very high. Scientists refer to this planet as Darth Kaela, as it bears a strong resemblance to the cold planet Hoth from Star Wars. However, unlike the movie, it is unlikely that life can survive on this planet. Most of the gases on this planet freeze and settle on the surface like snow. What is the crucial difference between a planet and a star? Generally, stars are heavier than planets.

At the core, it can shine by nuclear fusion itself. However, there is a strange planet that does not apply here, which is a brown dwarf. Brown dwarfs are large enough to start nuclear fusion, but unfortunately, they are not large enough to sustain it. In the universe, there are ambiguous entities that are as large as brown dwarfs but still belong to the planet category. One of these celestial bodies is HR 2562 Bb, which has a massive size equivalent to 29 times the mass of Jupiter. This planet is currently confidently ranked first on NASA's list of the heaviest planets. There is an ongoing debate among scientists on whether to classify this planet as a failed star or a planet. Anyway, HR 2562 Bb can be considered the largest planet among those discovered so far. Kepler-37b, on the other hand, is the smallest planet discovered so far. The diameter of this planet is about 3,900 km.

This planet has a diameter of 4900 km, smaller than Earth's underwater. It is only about 400 km larger in diameter than the moon, which has a diameter of about 3500 km. Scientists estimate that this planet is made of rocks and orbits its central star at a very close distance. It revolves around at a distance of approximately 15 million km every 13 days in our solar system. It orbits much closer to its star than Mercury, the closest planet to the sun in our solar system, by a whopping four times. Therefore, the surface temperature of this planet is significantly high. The surface temperature of this planet is so high, around 427 degrees, that it is believed there is no liquid water on its surface. In other words, the probability of life existing on the surface of this planet is almost negligible. The age of PSR B1620-26 b is an astonishing 12.7 billion years, making it one of the oldest planets discovered so far. At one time, this planet was about 14.5 billion years old.

It caused quite a controversy when it was calculated to be around 137 billion years old. Later corrected to 12.7 billion years, this figure is still an enormous age, almost as old as the universe itself. This planet is a giant chest planet with a mass 2.5 times that of Vongseong-ro, coexisting with two celestial bodies orbiting each other. What's unusual is that the identities of these two central celestial bodies are not ordinary stars but a neutron star and a white dwarf. The binary conglomerate and the 100-year-old giant star were probably ordinary stars in ancient times. However, as time passed, these two bodies consumed all their fuel, leading to them becoming a neutron star and a white dwarf as they are now. In other words, the age of these two celestial bodies is also quite old. However, it is unlikely that they will reach the age of this planet. This planet probably has been wandering through the universe since the early days of the universe, traveling around...

The planet was captured by the gravity of a neutron star and a white dwarf. There is almost no water or oxygen necessary for life on this planet, suitable for a planet that has existed for a very long time, because heavy elements were scarce in the early universe. By the way, this planet is also known by the name of Methuselah, the longest-lived person mentioned in the Bible. Oh, oh, v8 Fresh Tau Lip, this planet is only about 2 million years old, considering that our Earth is about 4.5 billion years old, we can say it is a newly born planet. This planet revolves around a central star every 4.93 days and has grown to about 70% of Jupiter's mass. However, it is still growing rapidly, and as it grows, it is getting hotter proportionally. Also, the central star is also very young at 2 million years old, so it is still

It is not in a completely finished state yet. Currently, it has a mass similar to the sun, but it is still swollen to twice its size. This central star is slowly contracting and is expected to eventually become a star similar to the sun. We may not see this grown-up planet, but since this planet is orbiting the central star at a very close distance, it will eventually grow into a very hot hellish planet.

우주에서 발견된 가장 극단적인 외계 행성들 6 (분야별 최고의 행성들)

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일부 참조는 괜찮지만, 완전한 영상의 도용은 불허합니다.


신박과학

태양에 가장 가까운 행성인 수성은 표면 온도가 430도로 크기에 비해 상대적으로 높습니다.

켈빈 항성 주위를 도는 켈트-9b는 표면 온도가 섭씨 4,300도로, 질량이 작은 대부분의 항성보다 높습니다.

OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb는 알려진 가장 추운 외계 행성으로, 표면 온도가 영하 50도 이상이고 질량은 지구의 7배에 달합니다.

HR 2562 Bb는 목성의 29배 크기인 저온 적색왜성일 가능성이 있는 거대한 행성입니다.

행성인지 실패한 별인지에 대한 분류는 과학자들 사이에서 논쟁의 대상입니다.

반면, 케플러-37b는 직경이 약 3,900km로 발견된 행성 중 가장 작은 행성으로, 태양계에서 화성과 목성 사이의 거리와 비슷한 곳에 위치해 있습니다.

다스 카엘라의 극도로 낮은 온도는 스타워즈에 나오는 추운 행성 Hoth와 비슷하여 행성의 대부분의 기체가 눈처럼 표면에 얼어붙어 가라앉기 때문에 생명체가 생존할 가능성이 낮습니다.

Planet PSR B1620-26 b의 고유한 특성

PSR B1620-26 b 행성은 지구에 비해 직경이 작고 달에 더 가까운 크기입니다.

표면 온도가 매우 높아 액체 상태의 물과 생명체가 존재할 가능성은 매우 낮습니다.

이 행성의 나이는 논란의 여지가 있지만 127억 년으로 추정되는 매우 오래된 행성이며, 중성자별과 백색왜성이 있는 독특한 태양계의 일부입니다.

젊음의 행성 므두셀라: 뜨겁고 빠르게 성장하는 세상

물과 산소가 거의 없는 행성인 메투셀라는 200만 년밖에 되지 않아 지구에 비해 상대적으로 젊은 행성입니다.

태양과 같은 별로 진화하는 과정에 있는 중심 별을 공전하면서 빠르게 성장하고 있으며 점점 더 뜨거워지고 있습니다.

이 행성의 빠른 성장과 젊은 별과의 근접성은 결국 생명체가 살기에는 부적합한 뜨거운 세상이 될 것임을 시사합니다.