중동과 인도의 기독교인 박해

### 전 세계 기독교인에 대한 박해: 인도 사례 연구
* 🌍 전 세계 기독교인의 **76%가 종교의 자유가 심각하게 위축된 국가**에 거주하는 등 전 세계 기독교인은 박해에 직면해 있습니다.
* 🇮🇳 인도에서는 **3세기부터 기독교인이 존재**해 왔지만 최근 수십 년 동안 이들에 대한 폭력이 증가하고 있습니다.
* 🕌 힌두 민족주의 정부는 이러한 폭력을 조장해 왔으며, 서서히 사람들의 마음을 중독시켜 **기독교인에 대한 공격**으로 이어졌습니다.
* 🔥 2008년 오디샤주 칸다말 폭동은 특히 잔인하여 **수많은 사망자와 강간, 교회 방화 사건**이 발생했습니다.
* 🙏 인도의 기독교 공동체는 **평화 구축, 종교 간 대화, 사회적 자본 개발**에 중점을 두고 대응해 왔습니다.
* 🤝 청소년 프로그램, 합숙 훈련 캠프, 종교 건물을 보다 **에큐메니칼하게 만들기 위한 노력** 등의 이니셔티브가 있습니다.
* 🕊 이러한 어려움에도 불구하고 다양하고 다원적인 사회를 유지하는 데 있어 **종교의 자유가 중요**하다는 인식이 확산되고 있어 미래에 대한 희망이 있습니다.

전 세계 기독교 공동체는 박해와 폭력에 직면해 있어 생존과 종교의 자유를 위한 대응 전략과 전 세계적인 지원이 필요합니다.

[Music] You can call it hell on the earth. Always they torture you, they beat you. Churches being broken, houses being burned. There was a huge amount of ribs. We have this public image of India's peaceful and pluralistic. Doesn't compute for there to be this kind of violence. There is no safety in Iraq. Not for family, not for me, not for children. No somos so among the Americans. Her determine show me the charitable feel identify Ricans iconic or evil robotic handily. It's a very Darwinian process in the end, and that's what we're seeing. And we're seeing it at its most vicious right now. Are Christians being disproportionately victimized? Are they the victims of a genocide that makes them may be particularly worthy objects of our attention? The persecution concerns our own survival. [Music] There is no more appropriate time for this conference. On this very day, Christians will be killed, exiled, finder property, and houses of worship destroyed, and faced humiliating discrimination in countries around the world.

the under Caesar sword project is an effort to study systematically and globally the kind of responses that Christian communities make towards persecution. What do they do when they're under this kind of pressure and repression? Some people will say it's ethnic or religious cleansing, not genocide. These, I think, are quibbles. The important thing is a massive humanitarian because tast Rafi is in front of us, and it is inextricably related again to the religious identity of very vulnerable Christians. The whole Middle East is, without exception, engulfed by a nightmare that seems to have no end and that undermines the very existence of Christians in many countries of the region. [Music] [Music] The early church was comprised of five ancient patriarchs: Rome in the West, and then four in the East - Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Constantinople - and those are all in danger of disappearing. They are literally living in an at-risk condition of great vulnerability. A century ago, one-third of the samel population was

non-Muslim, which would mean Greeks first, a Greek Orthodox, then Armenians, then Jews. Today, it is less than 1%, very tiny communities. How did this happen while Turkey got rid of its Christian minorities to a great extent, unfortunately, by population exchanges, by expelling them. What we say in Turkish-occupied Cyprus is really the erasure of the Christian presence, churches demolished, all of the iconography associated with the early church stripped out of these churches, really a perverse effort to erase the historical footprints of the Christians of Turkey. There has been a growing discourse in Turkey about the conversion of the great Church of the Holy Wisdom of Hagia Sophia into a functioning mosque, the largest Christian structure up until the Cathedral of Notre Dame was built, and at that structures to function as a religious site, it should function as a site for which it was built and intended, a Christian site that is part of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The state has to accelerate its reforms. It used to be a very polyphonic country.

and then it could be again. We go to the state, to the ministries, to the bureaucracy, and we claim, or we explain our issues together. And we are so few now, so the solidarity in building up new ideas is essential. [Music] Shaunda actor should go to Kadosh Kishi kirisame jacuzzi no Erica to do a his lead dual are custom in Aceh market answer a gadget and boo a richer stunt are beautiful nun between son Aaron harbour aromas larger metal cable a bad occasionally restate a vous on squishy Dan he kissing him a keel boy inject Lisa music Atlanta sure dad Aldrin Horomia Cristiano dr. mr. Gilardi amah asunder a Bellamy a shaman my Eagle a hard at a kite Alton la aldea large be Seminary miss Martha who's generally regulatory K where organ busy between hit protocol Dietetic BIOS Abba asana police - any future a Accord our children is double non Bosnian sundaran

booty video older Maori piggy Rashmi a pyramid a trailer park a [ __ ] police custody. Christian communities have long focused on coping strategies in terms of making life livable on a daily basis, and that has meant largely staying off the radar. And by that, I mean simply trying to do whatever is necessary in order to stay within these very strict limits of the law. So Vicky given a magician, a camera system is wash viraja at the Trimble Ilana a cover system. It is des vidéos a banal Mazda John Barrowman super machine ultra forgiving Larry after this Diana's Amanda hakuro machine which catatonic remedy genius Atlanta Georgia Cole. I'm a highest atomic here. The hot be shaky de vidas didn't make it was good shaky there a candy Naja machine make audition lace [Music]. Gulliver Abba bazooka DMK Jamaat medication say Kelly Ilana sarcomere [Music]. The non-Muslim minorities we are reaching 200,000 people. So why we have

to be very vibrant and active. It's very simple because we are part of this country. We are the heritage of this history of this country. We try to explain ourselves, to dialogue with people because they don't know us. If you see, we can see that there are millions of millions of people in Turkey that they never experienced any connection and a dialogue with any non-Muslim person. And we try to explain again from the beginning that we are not foreigners, that we are not strangers. [Music] The blessing of the waters, the Epiphany as we call it, it is a very special day. And we came with all our bishops and our people and our parishes and all members of the larger community. There were Turkish Muslims, all Levi's Armenians. We were happy because everything goes smoothly. Even if today Turkey and the countries around, they are facing several problems, we in a very secure way, we have celebrated today. Definitely 15-20 years ago, this could be impossible. We still have a long way to

go because we see what's happening in the Middle East. First, Iraq and on Syria, and we have so millions of people refugees coming in Turkey. Of course, it seems that doing it for the last centuries freedom for Christians is a limited understanding in the region. [Music] [Music] in 1914 1922 in Turkey that Christians 20% of were forced out, and many of them fled to Syria and Iran, and today they're being driven out of Syria, Iraq, and they're finding refuge in Turkey. Now, so far the Turks have been extraordinarily accepting two million refugees. When there is chaos in a country mostly composed of Islamic majority, minorities especially Christians are very much vulnerable. I decided to leave Iraq because there is no safety for my children, and I can come to Turkey because Turkey is better homeland to return the homeland is beautiful over now and and this time is bigger problem. Yeah, Nina my new film at Rudy's pagina AHA Nelvana an honest man a B&E a virginal vana oMG a Bonacci.

hummina they come to me and tell me you should give us money or Kalu or hurt your family OHE and him estaba la la dia under a set home who is tamarind hiya too militant ilk saans aake our turkey ax abundance aura or openin turkish que pasa bori Geryon are [Music] and all the key candy member kait letter can Dave letter can the O'Connell Eric and Aquila seller the Hajduk yahwism enemies dengue diction Laura harsh a yard Amida billiards Gianna thank you or they assure large GB be Shayla shut yours program [Music] it isn't everybody who has fled you do have incidence of the Assyrians for example round the table or River in Syria that took up arms have formed a militia but those are small responses one of the remarkable things that we found among Christian communities around the world is how few of them have resorted to violence as the answer we

want to be careful not to judge communities who have made that difficult decision. That may be armed the defense is the only way for them to survive. But we do note that in the global profile armed violence is very rare. Christians have spontaneously responded to their own suffering by enlarging their concern and compassion work for justice to include others as well. It's important because that's what their faith calls them to but it's important to in that I think many Christians realize that the only world in which they're going to be more secure is the world in which everyone is more secure. Oh my godula video [Music] [Music] especially thankful francis if you got the voice of the voiceless from all the nobility especially all the poor from [Music] wagon il gramma ha - mosquito akadama Tasi Shabazz was my younger brother he dedicated 28 years of his life to foster the ideal of human equality interfaith harmony and mutual love and forgiveness he died only a few meters

front of their home, my mother heard the tender of bullets killing my brother. Even today, it's impossible to imagine her pain. But to my amazement, my mom told me without hesitating that his mission should continue, and I was the right person for this job. She explained that she had forgiven the killers of my brother, and she was free from a desire for the revenge of retaliation against them. Later, she reminded me that Shabazz way of life was rooted in forgiveness, love following the way of our Jesus Christ wagon ayora mob Artemis Kieran cafe steamed Gazzola Metro Maria Magana Rama bottom s Kyra akadama Zometa awesome imprisonment is 32 months. It said continued absence, I got enough air. It's not clean of it allama they asked you to deny your face ryoga's Omega mu near so refuse [Music]. The Pew Forum reports that 76% of the world's population lives in a country where religious freedom is seriously curtail. In India, hundreds of Christians

have been attacked by Hindu extremists, whose violent efforts have been encouraged by the rise to power of a Hindu nationalist governments. [Music] [Music] Christians have been around in India from at least the third century. There was a long period, millennium or more, of relatively peaceful coexistence between Christians and other religious people in India. There was a huge embrace of Christians in this country, the Christian missionaries and the schools they set up. Very commonly, Christmas was practically celebrated by all of India. It's been a kind of secular practice, almost a celebration. You know, the Western world generally have a notion of Hinduism and Buddhism as religions of peace, yoga, meditation, sort of friendliness. And this is a problem of perception in this, that democracy is a constitutionally secure place. The state is not supposed to be involved in religion in the big way, but in reality, the state has always been involved, but clearly in favor of the ontology. If you go in a police station, you will find the pictures of gods and goddesses.

Garland and so those spaces are very often marked out as at least quasi-Hindu spaces, and Christians maybe feel that they are not fully represented. It has been a slow, consistent process over decades. What is happening now did not happen in one day. It was a preparation of tens of years of a very slow poisoning of minds across India. [Music] Since about 1998, there's been a real rise in incidents of violence against Christians. The Kandhamal riots were really of a far more widespread and far more significant nature. [Music] The crowd maybe about 300 to 400 people came in the morning, and from this spot itself, they started attacking the people, breaking the houses, and burning the houses, and the violence continued all throughout the day. Set up a mall, same an Angora, a secret war of angular person to move our division not filling the table. Christian Marwan is almost a year at haggling and facilitators or anybody in Kandhamal. There was a huge Christian purge in a lot of killings, lot of rape.

churches being broken and looted. [Music] Most almost on Monday American cherry tomorrow Swami gets ready to move Phil edita Tariq in the corner Coralville Bogota can't delay yet the very same birthday parties on a cyclist Arabic or a Bandicoot a kilometer back for the who goes makes an angle. [Music] They tortured him. He had to suffer so so inhumanly. They killed him in front of his wife and two children. Oh. [Music] So that's how a girl on it muchas dated or even a lot a posse only. [Music] The first response is prayer. We are not attuned to. We don't retaliate. We don't respond as possibly other communities would do. After things settled down, a broader range of options became available to Christians, and many of them began to very intentionally engage with their neighbors for the sake of bolstering or developing their social capital, expanding their social networks. I think they realized that they needed to reach out more effectively to other groups.

they began doing visits. You know, they'd go to a Muslim service or festival, they'd go to a Hindu service or festival, they'd go to a Buddhist service fs1, and they would invite people from other religions into their own celebrations. We began to counter the hate ideology, and to do that, we worked on modules. We organized residential training camps. In the last 12 years, more than 15,20,000 young people have undergone those camps. This is mainly fighting prejudices, fighting hatred. After the attack, I was part of peace-building process along with the district administration. I went for peace-building meetings in different villages. In the youth program, some of the sports computations we conducted brought the community people together from both the religion, from both the costs, and the biasness, and the doubts that were there, those also could be resolved in the meetings because the youth, you are not able to talk, the people you are not able to talk after the violence. So, this gave space to come together. People slowly started talking one another, building.

relationship. They tried to make their own religious buildings more ecumenical and spirit more interfaith and spirit. So, instead of building something that could only be a church, they might build a community center that had the symbols of various religions in it. We are not understanding that the Christian community in India is part of a larger national groups. We are protected by the Constitution. We are protected by the United Nations Charter. India is a signatory. Therefore, there is no harm. In fact, we're duty-bound to seek support from everywhere to raise a voice. Everyone. [Music] My overwhelming feeling now, having heard the stories that we heard, having met many of the really most remarkable Christian leaders who face persecution around the world, is not one a discouragement. Our diversity and pluralism, our decades of struggle for a democratic, secular India, is waking up again. Everyone will fight till, till the last breath. Busy articulation to make your neck as like and alluring than a candy wattle master number or a cure malaria a similar a big Aramco sure.

we have to work to create a bridge. And this bridge, I mean, cannot be built only from one side. We have to work both sides and to create a bridge of confidence. People are very different religions and ethnicities and national communities being able to live together in the same society. That's critical to the dream of liberal democracy, the dream of human rights. It's very hard to see how you're going to get to a society where religious freedoms are central to the legal system, but many people are beginning to see the merits and see that it's the only thing that's going to keep the societies they love from being swept away. My overwhelming feeling despite challenges is that one can have hope and that things things can't improve and that integrity, that faithfulness in the long run, matter more than anything else. [Music] [Music]

Documentary: Under Caesar's Sword

Under Caesar's Sword: Christian Response to Persecution

기독교인에 대한 박해: 글로벌 위기

전 세계 여러 나라에서 기독교 공동체는 심각한 박해와 폭력에 직면해 있으며, 이로 인해 예배당이 파괴되고 이주해야 하는 상황에 처해 있습니다.

특히 중동 지역은 고대 기독교 족장들이 사라질 위기에 처해 있고 기독교 소수 민족이 고국에서 추방당하는 등 큰 영향을 받고 있습니다.

아야 소피아 같은 기독교 유적지를 모스크로 개조하려는 터키의 담론이 커지는 것은 이 지역에서 기독교인의 역사적 존재를 지우려는 더 큰 노력을 반영합니다.

기독교 공동체에서 연대의 중요성

기독교 공동체는 법의 한계를 지키면서 삶을 더 견딜 수 있게 하는 대처 전략에 집중하고 있습니다.

터키의 비무슬림 소수 민족은 국가 유산의 일부로 인정받기 위해 활기차고 활발하게 활동하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

터키의 주현절 축제는 현재 터키가 처한 어려움에도 불구하고 터키 무슬림과 아르메니아인을 포함한 더 큰 공동체가 하나가 되는 상징입니다.

중동의 기독교인 박해로 인해 많은 사람들이 터키로 피난처를 찾으며 대규모 탈출을 감행했습니다.

터키는 약 200만 명의 기독교 난민을 수용하는 놀라운 성과를 거두었습니다.

어려움에도 불구하고 대다수의 기독교 공동체는 연민과 비폭력에 대한 헌신으로 이들의 고통에 대응해 왔습니다.

인도에서 종교적 편협함이 기독교인에게 미치는 영향

아들이 살해당했음에도 불구하고 아들의 사명을 계속 이어가도록 용서하고 격려하는 어머니의 모습은 종교적 박해에 맞서 용서와 사랑의 메시지를 전합니다.

인도에서 힌두 민족주의가 부상하면서 기독교인에 대한 폭력적인 공격이 크게 증가하고 있으며, 이는 인도에서 역사적으로 평화롭게 공존하며 크리스마스를 축하해 온 것과는 극명한 대조를 이룹니다.

수년에 걸쳐 인도에서 기독교인에 대한 점진적인 정신적 중독과 폭력의 증가는 2008년 광범위한 살인, 강간, 박해를 동반한 파괴적인 칸다말 폭동으로 절정에 달했습니다.

폭력에 대한 기독교적 대응: 사회적 자본 구축과 평화 증진

기독교 공동체는 기도로 폭력에 대응하고 다른 종교를 가진 이웃과 교류하는 데 중점을 두었습니다.

그들은 혐오 이데올로기에 맞서기 위해 의도적으로 다른 종교 단체에 손을 내밀고, 그들의 행사에 참여하고, 그들을 자신들의 행사에 초대했습니다.

15,000명 이상의 젊은이들이 편견과 증오에 맞서 싸우기 위한 훈련 캠프를 거쳤으며, 평화 구축 회의와 스포츠 이벤트에 참여하여 지역사회를 하나로 모으고 편견을 해소하기 위해 노력했습니다.

인도에서 종교의 자유와 단결의 중요성

인도의 기독교 공동체는 국가의 중요한 부분이며 헌법과 유엔 헌장에 의해 보호받고 있기 때문에 지원과 보호를 요청하고 있습니다.

인도의 다양성과 다원주의를 옹호하기 위해 에큐메니칼 및 종교 간 일치를 촉진하려는 노력이 증가하고 있습니다.

인도의 기독교 지도자들은 박해에도 불구하고 희망을 잃지 않고 종교의 자유가 법체계의 중심이 되는 사회를 만들기 위해 헌신하고 있습니다.