쿠바의 경제 전환: 자본주의의 출현과 사회주의적 변화

### 쿠바의 시장 경제로의 전환과 바이든 행정부의 LNG 수출 중단
* 🇨🇺 쿠바에서는 수십 년간의 국가 통제 체제 이후 **민간 부문이 법적 지위를 확보**하고 크게 성장하면서 **시장 경제로의 대대적인 전환**이 진행되고 있습니다.
* 🇺🇸 바이든 행정부의 신규 LNG 수출 프로젝트 중단 결정은 **선거를 앞두고 특정 유권자층을 겨냥한 조치**라는 비판을 불러일으켰습니다.
* 💼 일시 중단에도 불구하고 **미국은 여전히 세계 최대의 LNG 생산국**이며, 행정부는 **승인된 프로젝트가 수출 성장을 계속 견인**할 것이라고 주장합니다.
* 🛢 특히 유럽이 러시아 가스에 대한 의존도를 줄이는 데 있어 **미국산 LNG 수출의 역할**을 고려할 때 이 결정의 타이밍에 의문이 제기되었습니다.
* 💰 미국에서는 근로 조건 없이 현금을 지급하는 소득 보장 프로그램에 대한 논쟁이 계속 분열되고 있습니다.
* 📉 비판자들은 이러한 프로그램이 일과 개인의 책임을 저해할 수 있다고 주장하는 반면, 지지자들은 **빈곤을 완화하고 사회적 성과를 개선**할 수 있는 방법으로 보고 있습니다.
* 다음 주 풀 메저에서는 **장기적인 코로나19와 백신 부작용에 대한 최신 연구**와 공중보건 당국의 이러한 문제에 대한 관심 부족에 대해 다룹니다.

쿠바 아바나에서는 수십 년간 국가 통제를 받던 소규모 민간 기업이 시장 경제로 전환하는 움직임이 일어나고 있습니다.

WHERE MUCH LOOKS. IN OLD HAVANA, WHERE MUCH LOOKS LIKE IT WAS FROZEN IN THE 1950s, SOMETHING NEW AND A LITTLE SHOCKING IS HAPPENING. MAKES SENSE TO YOU TO OPEN A BUSINESS. YOU'RE SORT OF A PIONEER. IN THIS COUNTRY, AT LEAST FOR 60 YEARS, THESE TYPES OF THINGS WERE NOT ALLOWED. IN COMMUNIST-RULED CUBA, A LITTLE BIT OF CAPITALISM IS STARTING TO EMERGE. HISTORY WAS YOU THAT 1968 WAS THE LAST TIME THAT CUBAN NATIONAL PURDUE WHAT WE'RE DOING NOW. BIG CHANGE. JUST ONE ADMINISTRATION AGO, AMERICA'S EXPORT OF LIQUID NATURAL GAS HELPED MAKE US ENERGY INDEPENDENT AND SHORED UP OUR

NATIONAL SECURITY. THIS YEAR, THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION PUT A PAUSE ON EXPORTS. >> THIS IS CATERING TO A CERTAIN BLOCK OF VOTERS THAT THE PRESIDENT NEEDS FOR RE-ELECTION, AM I RIGHT? >> YOU'RE RIGHT. >> WE TAKE A LOOK AT BOTH THE OUTRAGE AND THE REASONS. >>> AFTER THE TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS GIVEN AWAY DURING THE COVID PANDEMIC, SOME CITIES ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH SOCIALISM ON A SMALL SCALE. >> GUARANTEED INCOME HAS BEEN TRIED IN THE U.S. BEFORE. HOW DID IT WORK OUT? >> IT WAS AN ABSOLUTE DISASTER. >> THIS WEEK, WE EXAMINE MONEY FOR NOTHING. >> WELCOME >>> WELCOME TO FULL MEASURE. I'M SHARYL ATKISSON. CUBA, ONE

OF AMERICA'S CLOSEST FOREIGN NEIGHBORS, IS MIRED DEEP IN AN ECONOMIC CRISIS, CAUSED IN PART BY THE CLIMBING TOURISM REVENUE, U.S. SANCTIONS, AND HIGHER FOOD AND ENERGY PRICES STEMMING FROM THE WAR IN UKRAINE. MEANTIME, YOU MAY NOT HAVE HEARD SOME BIG NEWS. THE COMMUNIST ISLAND NATION HAS OFFICIALLY DECLARED ITS SOVIET MODEL ECONOMY DEAD, AND HAS BEGUN A TRANSITION TO SOMETHING QUITE DIFFERENT. TODAY, WE'RE OFF TO HAVANA TO SEE WHAT THAT LOOKS LIKE. >> MY NAME IS SHARYL ATKISSON. >> OH, NICE TO MEET YOU. MY NAME IS GABRIEL. >> NEIGHBORHOOD OUTSIDE HAVANA, NESTLED AMONG A SHADY GROUPING

OF YUCCA, BANANA, AND CAROB  TREES, IS A SMALL FLOWER   PRODUCTION BUSINESS OWNED BY   GABRIELLE PEREZ GONZALEZ.   >> IN THIS CASE, THEY'RE   PREPARING THE, THE BANANA   FLOWER. WELL, WE'RE STILL,   LIKE, SUPER SMALL BUSINESS.   >> PEREZ GONZALEZ HAD TRIED  INVESTING IN THE RESTAURANT   BUSINESS, BUT WENT BANKRUPT   DURING COVID. POST-COVID, A NEW OPPORTUNITY SURFACED, AND HE   GRABBED THE CHANCE.   >> MAKES SENSE TO, TO OPEN A   BUSINESS, SO NOW WE JUST   STARTED.   >> YOU'RE SORT OF A PIONEER.   IN THIS COUNTRY, AT LEAST FOR   60 YEARS, THESE TYPES OF THINGS WERE NOT ALLOWED.

>> THAT'S RIGHT. >> THERE'S REALLY NO BLUEPRINT FOR HOW TO DO THAT HERE. >> YEAH, THAT'S RIGHT, YEAH. >> WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE SIGNALS THE BIGGEST LEAN TOWARD A MARKET ECONOMY SINCE A REVOLUTION INSTALLED FIDEL CASTRO AS CUBA'S LEADER. CASTRO LED CUBA ON A FAST TRACK TO COMMUNISM, SEIZING TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PRIVATE SHOPS AND OUTLAWING NEARLY ALL SMALL PRIVATE BUSINESSES. >> IS IT ACCURATE TO SAY THIS IS A COMMUNIST ISLAND UNDER A SOCIALIST ECONOMY? HOW, HOW WOULD YOU TERMINATE? >> CUBA DEFINES ITSELF AS A SOCIALIST REPUBLIC. >> PROFESSOR RAUL RODRIGUEZ

HEADS UP. THE CENTER FOR UNITED STATES AND HEMISPHERIC STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAVANA. AND WHAT IS TRUE IS, YES, THE CUBAN SYSTEM IS NOT A MARKET ECONOMY. OR IS NOT A DOMINATED BY THE MARKET ECONOMY. IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE BUILDING A MIXED ECONOMY, WHERE THERE'S ROOM FOR PRIVATE, AND THERE IS STRONG STATE. WHATEVER YOU CALL IT, THERE'S NOW A MAJOR SHIFT AFTER DECADES OF THE STATE OWNING NEARLY ALL OF THE STORES AND PROVIDING NEARLY ALL OF THE JOBS. THE REALITY IS, OVER THE DECADES, CUBA'S ECONOMY BECAME SO DISTRESSED, ITS LEADERS WERE FORCED TO HOLD THEIR NOSE.

AND EMBRACE A HINT OF CAPITALISM. IN 2019, PRESIDENT MIGUEL DIAZ CANAL RECOGNIZED THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS LEGITIMATE, AND A NEW CONSTITUTION EXPRESSED THE RIGHT OF PRIVATE PROPERTY. COVID WORSENED CUBA'S ECONOMIC CRISIS, AND AN UPRISING IN SUMMER OF 2021 ACCELERATED PLANS TO GIVE SMALL AND MEDIUM PRIVATE BUSINESSES LEGAL STATUS. >> AND IT'S NOW INVOLVED IN A REFORM, REFORM OF THE SYSTEM USING MORE PRIVATE PROPERTY. AND MORE PRIVATE ELEMENTS IN ITS ECONOMY. BECAUSE IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE, THE CENTRALIZED COMMAND ECONOMY, SOVIET STYLED, WAS A FAILURE. WE SAW IT IN THE '70S AND THE

'80S WITH THE OTHER SOVIET UNION IN EASTERN EUROPE. >> THIS WAREHOUSE IS AN EXAMPLE OF SOMETHING THAT DIDN'T USE TO EXIST. IT'S PART OF A PRIVATE COMPANY THAT SELLS SUPPLIES TO HUNDREDS OF OTHER PRIVATELY OWNED STORES AND RESTAURANTS IN CUBA. ONLY POSSIBLE UNDER RELAXED RESTRICTIONS IN THE COMMUNIST RUN SOCIALIST STATE. >> THERE'S CHOCOLATE SNACKS, LIQUOR, AND MORE, ALL OWNED BY ALDO ALVAREZ, A LAWYER WHO ALSO OWNS THE DISSENTER RESTAURANT, WHERE THEY'RE COOKING UP VICTUALS FOR CUSTOMERS 24 HOURS A DAY. >> IS THIS THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE REVOLUTION THAT CUBANS HAVE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO DO WHAT

YOU'RE DOING? >> HISTORY WAS SO YOU THAT 1968 WAS THE LAST TIME THAT CUBAN NATIONAL COULD DO WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW. >> BIG CHANGE. >> YEAH, IT'S A, IT'S A BIG CHANGE, SO WHAT WE DID WAS, OKAY, LET'S FIND A PLACE THAT WE CAN RESTORE BUSINESS. AND NOW WE HAVE THREE OF THEM. WE HAVE AN ELABORATION PRODUCTION CENTER THAT OFFER CUBAN PRODUCE, LIKE HAMBURGERS, LIKE CHEESE BALLS, TO THESE PLACES AND OTHER CLIENTS. >> SO YOU HAVE A RESTAURANT. >> YES. >> YOU ALSO SUPPLY OTHER RESTAURANTS? >> YES. >> CUBA NOW ALLOWS PRIVATE BUSINESSES WITH UP TO 100 EMPLOYEES. ONE TRIANO CORDOVA

IS WITH THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE CUBAN ECONOMY. TODAY, THE CUBANS, THE CUBANS, IN GENERAL, HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE PRIVATE BUSINESS. IT IS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TODAY FOR THE CUBAN PEOPLE. AND IT IS NEW. REALLY NEW. HOW MANY BUSINESSES HAVE BECOME -- MORE THAN 8700 IN ONLY TWO YEARS. IT MEANS THAT TODAY, WE HAVE MORE PEOPLE EMPLOYED IN THE NONSTATE SECTOR THAN IN THE STATE SECTOR. BUT HE SAYS THE BIGGEST OUTSTANDING OBSTACLE TO A BETTER ECONOMY FOR CUBA REMAINS THE LONG-STANDING U.S. EMBARGO. WHATEVER CUBA DECIDES TO DO WITH THE ECONOMY TO IMPROVE MATTERS, IS IT TRUE THAT

WITHOUT THE UNITED STATES  CHANGING ITS POLICIES, THERE'S ONLY SO MUCH CUBA CAN DO.   >> YES. IT IS REAL. BUT, OF   COURSE, THE, THE, THE UNITED  STATES POLICY TOWARD CUBA IS   REALLY A STRONG -- IN ORDER  TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY.   EVERYTHING COSTS MANY MORE.   EVERYTHING.   >> THE U.S. ISN'T ENTIRELY ON  THE SIDELINES, AS CUBA TALES   FARTHER AWAY FROM A COMMUNIST   AND SOCIALIST ECONOMY.   PRESIDENT BIDEN PLEDGED TO   INCREASE SUPPORT FOR   INDEPENDENT CUBAN   ENTREPRENEURS.   >> WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE PEOPLE   TO KNOW WHO DON'T UNDERSTAND   REALLY MUCH ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON?   >> WELL, I THINK IT'S SIMPLE.

AND TO BE PATIENT AS WELL. FOCUS ON ONE THING. THAT'S IT. CHANGE THE PARADIGM OF -- AND EXCEPT THAT OUR SITUATION IS RECENTLY REPORTED MILK. CUBA RECENTLY REPORTED MILK POWDER, WHEAT FLOUR, AND FUEL SHORTAGES, THAT THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCING MORE OIL THAN ANY COUNTRY IN HISTORY. IT'S A TREND THAT'S BEEN BUILDING IN RECENT YEARS. A REMARKABLE TURNAROUND SINCE 2008 WHEN EXPORTS WERE 0. YOU THINK IT WOULD B. THE U.S. IS NOW PRODUCING MORE OIL THAN ANY COUNTRY IN HISTORY. IT'S A TREND THAT'S BEEN BUILDING IN RECENT YEARS. A REMARKABLE TURNAROUND SINCE

2008, WHEN EXPORTS WERE ZERO. YOU THINK IT WOULD BE SOMETHING TO BRAG ABOUT, SO WHY IS IT THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION HOSTING? SCOTT THUMAN REPORTS. >> Reporter: WHEN THE GOVERNMENT MAKES AN ANNOUNCEMENT AT THE END OF THE WORKWEEK, IT'S FREQUENTLY DONE TO BURY THE NEWS. LAST JANUARY 26, A FRIDAY, THE BIDEN WHITE HOUSE MADE PUBLIC WHAT IT CALLED A PAUSE ON NEW LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, OR LNG EXPORT PROJECTS. BUT INSTEAD OF GETTING BURIED, THE NEWS TRIGGERED AN IMMEDIATE NEGATIVE REACTION, AND NOT JUST FROM CONSERVATIVES. THE WASHINGTON POST CALLED IT POLITICAL SYMBOLISM, AND THE WRONG MOVE. DEMOCRATIC SENATOR JOE MANCHIN

OF WEST VIRGINIA FURIOUS, CALLING IT PURE POLITICS. >> THE WHITE HOUSE HAS SHOWN THAT IT IS SO CONCERNED WITH INDULGING RADICAL CLIMATE ACTIVISTS THAT IT'S WILLING TO PLAY POLITICS WITH OUR ENERGY SECURITY AND THAT OF OUR ALLIES. >> Reporter: AND THE WALL STREET JOURNAL SAID IT WAS A GIFT TO RUSSIAN LEADER VLADIMIR PUTIN, BECAUSE HIS COUNTRY COULD BENEFIT FROM REDUCED AMERICAN GAS EXPORTS. AS WE'VE REPORTED ON FULL MEASURE, U.S. LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORTS HAVE RISEN DRAMATICALLY, ESPECIALLY SINCE PUTIN'S INVASION OF UKRAINE. IN FACT, AMERICAN NATURAL GAS HAS HELPED EUROPE RELY LESS ON RUSSIAN

PRODUCT. WHOSE PROFITS WERE HELPING PAY FOR THE WAR AGAINST UKRAINE. BACK IN 2022, PRESIDENT BIDEN PROBABLY STRUCK A DEAL WITH EUROPE TO SUPPLY MORE GAS. >> THE UNITED STATES, TOGETHER WITH OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, WE'RE GOING TO WORK TO ENSURE AN ADDITIONAL 15, 15, 50 BILLION CUBIC METERS OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LNG, FOR THIS YEAR. >> Reporter: SO WHY THE DECISION NOW TO STOP APPROVALS FOR NEW EXPORT FACILITIES? FOR MANY, INCLUDING ENERGY STATE DEMOCRATS LIKE HENRY CUELLAR OF TEXAS, IT'S A BIG MISTAKE BY THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION DONE TO PLEASE CLIMATE CHANGE VOTERS. >> YOU TALKED ABOUT THE FACT THAT YOUR STATE, YOU ARE GOING

TO COMPLAIN THAT THIS HURTS JOBS. DO YOU THINK THAT THIS IS PURELY A POLITICAL DECISION? >> I DON'T WANT TO SPEAK FOR THE WHITE HOUSE AT ALL, BUT IN MY OPINION, JUST NOT SPEAKING FOR THE WHITE HOUSE, YES. >> Reporter: IT'S HARD TO LOOK AT IT AND NOT SAY IT'S AN ELECTION YEAR, THIS IS CATERING TO A CERTAIN BLOCK OF VOTERS THAT THE PRESIDENT NEEDS FOR RE-ELECTION. AM I RIGHT? >> YOU'RE RIGHT. AND LISTEN, IF THEY'RE WORRIED ABOUT THE ENERGY CLEAN GOALS THAT WE HAVE, WHICH WE ALL ARE, SO LET'S SAY YOU PUT A PAUSE ON LNG. AMERICAN LNG. DO YOU THINK THE MIDDLE EAST IS GOING TO PRODUCE ENERGY CLEANER THAN WE ARE? NO. SO I'D RATHER HAVE

AMERICAN JOBS CREATED HERE. THEN, AND CLEANER ENERGY. THEN SOME OF THE OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE THEY'LL GET THE JOBS, THEY'LL GET THE MONIES. >> Reporter: THAT'S A THEME PICKED UP BY A SENATE ENERGY COMMITTEE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THE ADMINISTRATION'S FREEZE ON LNG EXPORT FACILITIES. >> IN TIMES OF WARS, IT'S WISE TO GIVE OUR ALLIES AND PARTNERS AND MUTUAL PARTIES ACROSS THE WORLD AN EXCUSE TO DO BUSINESS WITH OUR ENEMIES? >> TO NO ONE'S SURPRISE, WE'RE HERE AGAIN TALKING ABOUT THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION JUST CAUSING A TRAIN WRECK FOR DOMESTIC ENERGY POLICY. >> Reporter: DAVID TURK, THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF ENERGY, WAS LEFT TRYING TO DEFEND THE MOVE.

TO STOP NEW LNG PRODUCTS. SO I FEEL INCREDIBLY PROUD TO BE PART OF AN ADMINISTRATION THAT'S TAKING HEAD-ON THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE THAT'S FACING OUR COUNTRY, AND WE'RE MAKING REMARKABLE STRIDES ALONG THOSE LINES. I ALSO THINK, IN ADDITION TO THE CLIMATE IMPACTS OF MORE AND MORE EXPORTS OF NATURAL GAS, WE ALSO NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES FOR AMERICAN CONSUMERS. >> Reporter: THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION INSISTS, DESPITE THE PAUSE, U.S. LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS EXPORTS WILL STILL BE UP YEAR TO YEAR FOR THE NEXT SIX YEARS DUE TO PROJECTS THAT HAD ALREADY BEEN APPROVED. FOR MANY, THOUGH, INCLUDING MEMBERS

OF THE PRESIDENT'S PARTY, IT'S THE TIMING OF THE DECISION THAT DRAWS THE MOST CRITICISM. >> Reporter: IF YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO SAY OUR PRODUCTION IS THROUGH THE ROOF, BETTER THAN IT'S EVER BEEN, OR EXPORTS THROUGH THE ROOF, PULLING AN ALL SOURCE OF INCOME, YOU WOULD THINK A WHITE HOUSE WOULD BE SHOUTING THAT FROM THE MOUNTAIN TOPS. >> THEY SHOULD. AND I THINK THIS ADMINISTRATION IS MISSING A KEY POINT THAT IS IMPORTANT TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC, AND THAT IS, WE'RE PRODUCING JOBS, WE'RE PRODUCING ALSO CLEAN ENERGY, THE OIL AND GAS, BUT GOALS THAT WE'VE SET. >> Reporter: FOR FULL MEASURE, I'M SCOTT THUMAN, IN WASHINGTON. >> SO HOW LONG IS THE PAUSE ON

THE NEW EXPORT FACILITIES GOING TO LAST? WELL, THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION HASN'T GIVEN A PRECISE DATE, BUT IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS, THEY'VE INDICATED THEY THINK IT WILL TAKE SEVEN MONTHS. SO TELL ME IF THIS IS TRUE. WE WERE HELPING EUROPE WITH OUR EXPORTS NOT RELY SO MUCH ON RUSSIAN ENERGY. HOW DID THEY FEEL ABOUT US FREEZING THESE EXPORTS? IT'S BEEN A BIT OF A MIXED BAG AS FAR AS REACTION GOES. PUBLICLY, YOU'VE GOT EUROPEAN LEADERS WHO SAY THE EXISTING AND THE ALREADY APPROVED EXPORTS, THAT'S ENOUGH TO COVER THEIR NEEDS. BUT THERE ARE OTHERS WHO ARE PRETTY CRITICAL, AND THEY SAY THAT THEY HAVE ALWAYS EXPECTED THAT

THE UNITED STATES WILL BE THE, QUOTE, GLOBAL GUARANTOR OF ENERGY SECURITY. >> ALL RIGHT. THANKS FOR THE REPORT, SCOTT. >>> COMING UP ON FULL MEASURE, FREE MONEY. NO WORK REQUIRED. >>> SHOULD TAXPAYERS HAVE TO PAY TO GIVE SOME AMERICANS A SO-CALLED GUARANTEED INCOME WITHOUT THEM HAVING TO WORK FOR IT? THE QUESTION DRAWS SHARPLY DIVIDED RESPONSES. LISA FLETCHER EXAMINES BOTH SIDES OF AN EXPANDING DEBATE. >> Reporter: FOR LEWIS, GROWING UP IN THE SOUTHSIDE AREA OF DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA WASN'T EASY. >> I GOT MYSELF STARTED GETTING IN TROUBLE, INVOLVED WITH THE TEEN COURT SYSTEM, THEN JAIL, THEN PRISON. I WENT TO PRISON

FOR OBTAINING PROPERTY BY FALSE PRETENSE, BUT MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS --  >> FALSE TRACKS?   >> WRITING FALSE CHECKS.   >> Reporter:  A SINGLE MOM,  LEWIS WAS 15 YEARS OLD WHEN SHE GAVE BIRTH TO HER FIRST CHILD.  SHE HAD HER SECOND CHILD WHILE  IN PRISON, AND HER THIRD CAME  AFTER SHE FINISHED SERVING HER  MORE THAN SIX YEAR SENTENCE.   SOON AFTER COMING HOME, LEWIS   HEARD ABOUT A PROGRAM RUN BY A  NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION CALLED   STEP UP DURHAM. OFFERING   RESIDENTS RELEASE FROM JAIL   $600 A MONTH IN CASH PAYMENTS   FOR A YEAR, WITH NO WORK   REQUIREMENT AND NO STRINGS  ATTACHED.    >> I WAS ABLE TO FREE MYSELF  FROM MY PART-TIME JOB.  >> Reporter: SIMILAR TO DURHAM

MORE THAN 150 PROGRAMS ACROSS THE U.S. IN PLACES LIKE TACOMA, WASHINGTON, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, AND BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HAVE EXPERIMENTED, OR ARE EXPERIMENTING, WITH REGULAR UNCONDITIONAL CASH PAYMENTS. MANY RECEIVED SOME FUNDING FROM TWITTER COFOUNDER JACK DORSEY, WHO DONATED $15 MILLION TOWARD THE EFFORT, AND MANY USED PUBLIC FUNDING, INCLUDING LEFTOVER COVID MONEY FROM THE TRUMP AND BIDEN ADMINISTRATIONS. DURANCE PROGRAM RECEIVED $500,000 FROM DORSEY IN ADDITION TO LOCAL TAX DOLLARS AND OTHER PRIVATE FUNDING. BUT NOT EVERYONE IN DURHAM IS A FAN OF FREE CASH. REPORTER: UNDER DURHAM STEP UP PROGRAM, JOE MODELING

WOULD'VE BEEN ELIGIBLE FOR $7,200 A YEAR WHEN HE GOT OUT OF PRISON IN 2004. HE SERVED TWO YEARS FOR SHOOTING AND INJURING A MAN. WHEN HE GOT OUT, HE WAS SWEEPING FLOORS FOR $7.25 AN HOUR. >> A LOT OF PEOPLE WOULD GIVE UP, THOUGH, AND LOOK FOR WELFARE. >> WELL, BECAUSE THEY ARE LOOKING TO BLAME SOMEBODY OTHER THAN HIMSELF. I HAD NOBODY TO BLAME BUT MYSELF. YOU WANT TO KNOW WHAT CREATES A LOT OF POVERTY IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY? IT'S OUT OF WEDLOCK BIRTH. SO FOR THAT WOMAN WHO SAYS, I NEED THIS MONEY TO HELP, WHAT IS THE FATHER OF THOSE CHILDREN DOING? FOR HIS KIDS? >> Reporter: LANE SAYS

GUARANTEED INCOME ALLOWS PEOPLE TO DUCK RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR LIFE CHOICES. THE THING IS, PEOPLE WILLING TO DO WHAT IT TAKES TO GET A HANDOUT, WILLING TO DO WHAT IT TAKES, WILLING TO DO WHAT IT TAKES TO CHASE SOMETHING THEY BELIEVE IS OWED, BUT THEY'RE NOT WILLING TO LOOK INTO THEMSELVES AND SAY, I NEED TO DO THIS MYSELF. Reporter: A TOP ELECTED CITY OFFICIAL IN DURHAM, MARK ANTHONY MIDDLETON, IS CHAMPIONING THE PROJECT. TO THE PROGRAM THAT YOU INSTITUTED HERE MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS? IT EXCEEDED MY EXPECTATIONS. Reporter: HE SAYS GUARANTEED INCOME ISN'T ABOUT THE VIRTUE OR VICE OF THOSE RECEIVING AID.

BUT ABOUT LEAVING TAXPAYER MONEY. SO THE QUESTION IS, ARE THERE SAVINGS TO BE REALIZED, NOT ONLY FINANCIAL SAVINGS, BUT SAVINGS IN TERMS OF HEARTACHE, IN TERMS OF IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY? IF WE DID SOMETHING LIKE GUARANTEED INCOME ON THE FRONT END AS OPPOSED TO INCARCERATION, MASSIVE ENTITLEMENTS, BAILOUTS ARE ON THE BACKEND. WHAT'S DIFFERENT ABOUT THIS GUARANTEED INCOME IS THAT WE FOCUS ON A PARTICULAR POPULATION BECAUSE OF LIMITED RESOURCES. THERE WAS NO STRINGS ATTACHED. Reporter: THE MODERN PUSH FOR UNCONDITIONAL CASH AID ISN'T ANYTHING NEW. THE WELFARE OF THE NATION DEPENDS UPON THE WELFARE OF ITS

CHILDREN. Reporter: STARTING IN 1935, THE U.S. GOVERNMENT PROVIDED CASH WELFARE TO FAMILIES. THAT PROGRAM, AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN, EVENTUALLY ASSISTED ABOUT 1 IN 7 AMERICAN KIDS UNTIL THE 1990S, WHEN NEARLY ALL CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS AND ABOUT HALF OF DEMOCRATS VOTED TO TERMINATE THE AFDC THROUGH WELFARE REFORM. LEGISLATION THAT WAS SIGNED INTO LAW BY DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT CLINTON. SO GUARANTEED INCOME HAS BEEN TRIED IN THE U.S. BEFORE. HOW DID IT WORK OUT? IT WAS AN ABSOLUTE DISASTER. Reporter: HERITAGE FOUNDATION WELFARE EXPERT ROBERT RECTOR AUTHORED MUCH OF

THE LEGISLATION FOR WELFARE REFORM UNDER CLINTON. IF YOU TAKE THE OLD PROGRAM AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN, THEY BASICALLY PAID SINGLE MOTHERS TO NOT WORK. WASTE TOPPED, NOT THE EIGHT, BUT WE STOPPED THIS IDEA OF GIVING YOU CASH WITHOUT WORKING. Reporter: IN 2021, PRESIDENT BIDEN AUTHORIZED A CHILD TAX CREDIT, WHERE FAMILIES COULD RECEIVE MONTHLY PAYMENTS EVEN IF NO ONE IN THE HOUSEHOLD HAD A JOB. CONGRESS IS DEBATING A NEW VERSION OF THAT, WHICH WOULD REQUIRE RECIPIENTS TO WORK. FOR FULL MEASURE, I'M LISA FLETCHER. MORE THAN 3 YEARS, WE'VE BEEN FOLLOWING THE SCANDAL WHERE

CONGRESSMAN TOM MASSEY CAUGHT. THE CDC INTENTIONALLY PUTTING. FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS, WE'VE BEEN FOLLOWING THE SCANDAL WHERE CONGRESSMAN TOM MASSEY CALLED THE CDC INTENTIONALLY PUTTING OUT FALSE INFORMATION ABOUT COVID VACCINES AND NATURAL IMMUNITY. THE CDC AND ITS TOP VACCINE ADVISERS WRONGLY CLAIMED THAT THE ORIGINAL VACCINE STUDY SHOWED THERE WAS A BENEFIT TO PEOPLE GETTING VACCINATED EVEN IF THEY'D ALREADY HAD COVID. MASSEY RECORDED HIS CONVERSATIONS AS CDC OFFICIALS ADMITTED THAT WASN'T TRUE, THEN BALKED AT CORRECTING IT. THEN THEY SAID, THANK YOU FOR FINDING A MISTAKE. WE'RE GOING TO FIX THIS. AND I THOUGHT, WELL, OKAY, PROBLEM

SOLVED. THIS IS HOW GOVERNMENT WORKS. BUT IT DIDN'T QUITE TURN OUT THAT WAY. TWO DAYS LATER, THE SAME DR. COHEN WHO'D PROMISED TO FIX JOIN OTHER CDC DOCTORS IN REPEATING THE FALSE INFORMATION. THIS TIME IN AN ONLINE SESSION FOR MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS. THEY WRONGLY CLAIMED STUDIES SHOW PEOPLE WHO HAD CORONAVIRUS DO BENEFIT FROM THE VACCINE. SO WHAT SHOULD PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD COVID-19 BE VACCINATED, AND SHOULD THEY BE VACCINATED NOW? DATA FROM BOTH CLINICAL TRIALS SUGGESTS THAT PEOPLE WITH PRIOR INFECTION ARE STILL LIKELY TO BENEFIT FROM VACCINATION. SO I CALLED THEM UP ON TUESDAY, AS SOON AS I COULD, TO

ASK THEM WHY IT HADN'T BEEN FIXED. AND IT WAS LIKE I WAS STARTING ALL OVER WITH THE SAME PEOPLE. AND INSTEAD OF FIXING IT, THEY PROPOSED REPEATING IT AND JUST FREEZING THEIR MISTAKE DIFFERENTLY. EVENTUALLY, THE CDC AGREED TO CORRECT THE MISINFORMATION, BUT MASSEY SAID THE REVISED LANGUAGE WAS STILL WRONG AND LEFT THE SAME MISIMPRESSION. LAST OCTOBER, MASSEY ASKED THE CDC TO ANSWER TO THE CONTINUING ISSUES. MORE THAN THREE MONTHS AFTER A DEADLINE, THE CDC RESPONDED, BUT AVOIDED THE QUESTION AND SIMPLY STATED THAT, QUOTE, CDC ISSUED NUMEROUS PUBLIC HEALTH GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS SPECIFIC TO THE DIFFERING NEEDS OF AMERICANS. CDC CONTINUES TO MONITOR

COVID-19 TO ENSURE THAT CDC GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFLECT THE MOST UP-TO-DATE SCIENCE,. MASSEY RESPONDED BY TELLING FULL MEASURE THE CDC LETTER IS COMPLETELY UNRESPONSIVE TO MY PARTICULAR QUESTIONS. WHAT ARE THEY TRYING TO HIDE? WE WILL FIND OUT. >>> COMING UP NEXT WEEK ON FULL VACCINES THAT ARE PLAGUING BILLIONS OF AMERICANS. >> SOMETIMES IF I ADDRESS ONE MECHANISM, SOMETIMES ONE MEDICINE GETHER. >> IT TAKES A LONG TIME TO SIST AND BALANCE WHERE YOU'RE GOING TO FOCUS. USUALLY THEY ARE ALL RELATED, BUT YOU ATTACKED THE THING THAT SEEMS TO BE THE MOST DOMINANT FIRST. >> THE LATEST EMERGING RESEARCH

ON LONG COVERT AND LONG VACCINES, AND THE LACK OF ATTENTION TO THE PROBLEM FROM TOP PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS.

Cuba Economy

Full Measure with Sharyl Attkisson

쿠바는 수십 년 동안의 사회주의 모델을 거쳐 시장 경제로 전환하면서 60년 만에 처음으로 소규모 기업이 등장하고 있습니다.

이러한 전환은 과거 공산주의가 지배하고 대부분의 소규모 개인 기업을 불법화했던 쿠바에서 선구적인 움직임입니다.

이러한 변화는 부분적으로는 관광 수입 감소, 미국의 제재, 식량 및 에너지 가격 상승으로 인한 지속적인 경제 위기에 대한 대응책입니다.

쿠바의 혼합 경제로의 전환과 민간 기업의 부상

쿠바는 중앙집권적 명령 경제에서 혼합 경제로 전환하고 있으며, 자본주의의 힌트를 수용하고 민간 부문의 정당성을 인정하고 있습니다.

2019년 미겔 디아즈 카날 대통령이 사유 재산권을 인정한 것은 중요한 변화였으며, 경제 위기와 2021년 민중 봉기로 인해 더욱 가속화되었습니다.

이러한 변화로 인해 쿠바에서 상품을 운영하고 공급할 수 있는 중소 규모의 민간 기업이 등장하게 되었습니다.

변화하는 쿠바 경제와 미국 정책의 영향

쿠바는 민간 기업이 크게 증가하여 불과 2년 만에 8700여 개가 생겨났으며, 현재 정부 부문보다 더 많은 인력을 고용하고 있습니다.

미국의 오랜 금수 조치는 쿠바의 경제 개선에 여전히 큰 걸림돌로 남아 있으며, 이는 쿠바의 비용 상승으로 이어지고 있습니다.

쿠바가 공산주의 경제에서 벗어나고 있음에도 불구하고 미국의 정책은 쿠바의 경제 상황에 계속 영향을 미치고 있으며 쿠바의 발전에 어려움을 초래하고 있습니다.

천연가스 수출을 중단하기로 한 바이든의 결정

새로운 천연가스 수출 시설에 대한 승인을 중단하기로 한 바이든 행정부의 결정은 기후 변화 유권자들을 달래기 위한 정치적 조치라는 비난과 함께 비판을 불러 일으켰습니다.

이 결정은 블라디미르 푸틴 러시아 대통령에게 혜택을 주고 미국의 일자리 창출과 에너지 안보에 해를 끼칠 수 있다는 의문을 받고 있습니다.

미 행정부는 국내 에너지 정책에 미치는 영향과 청정 에너지 공급 및 일자리 창출 능력에 대한 회의론과 반발에 직면해 있습니다.

바이든 행정부의 LNG 수출 일시 중단

바이든 행정부는 향후 6년간 수출이 증가할 것이라는 전망에도 불구하고 새로운 LNG 수출 시설을 일시 중단했습니다.

이 결정은 미국 소비자에게 미칠 잠재적 경제적 영향과 그 시기에 대한 비판을 불러일으켰습니다.

일시 중단 기간은 불확실하지만 유럽 지도자들의 반응이 엇갈리는 가운데 약 7개월간 지속될 것으로 예상됩니다.

미혼모인 루이스는 6년 형을 복역한 후 근로 조건 없이 한 달에 600달러를 지급하는 프로그램의 혜택을 받았습니다.

잭 도시와 공적 자금의 지원을 받은 미국 전역의 다양한 프로그램에서 무조건 현금 지급을 실험하고 있습니다.

이 이니셔티브에 대해 지지자들은 도움이 필요한 사람들을 돕는 방법이라고 옹호하는 반면, 비판자들은 개인이 자신의 선택에 대한 책임을 회피할 수 있다고 주장하며 논쟁을 불러 일으켰습니다.

제한된 자원으로 인해 특정 인구에 초점을 맞춰 납세자의 돈을 절약하고 사회적 영향을 줄이는 방법으로 소득 보장이 재검토되고 있습니다.

이 개념은 1930년대의 현금 복지부터 최근의 아동 세액 공제에 이르기까지 미국에서 오랜 역사를 가지고 있지만, 이전 시도들은 논란의 여지가 있었습니다.

복지 개혁의 초점이 수혜자의 근로 의무로 옮겨가면서 의회에서 새로운 논쟁이 촉발되었습니다.

이전에 감염된 사람들을 위한 COVID-19 백신 접종에 대한 CDC의 잘못된 정보

CDC는 처음에 코로나19 감염자에 대한 백신의 효과에 대해 잘못된 정보를 제공했습니다.

그들은 실수를 늦게 수정했고 수정된 정보도 여전히 잘못된 인상을 남겼습니다.

잘못된 정보에 대한 지적에도 불구하고 CDC의 대응은 제기된 문제를 해결하지 않았고, 그 행동의 투명성에 대한 의문을 남겼습니다.