건물 외관: 공중 보건 및 지속 가능성을 위한 혁신

### 공공의 이익을 위한 건물 외관의 혁신
* 🏢 건축가이자 혁신가가 **건물 외관을 재구성**하여 입주자뿐만 아니라 외부의 대중에게도 혜택을 줄 것을 제안합니다.
* 🌿 전시된 기술에는 **동물 서식지, 물 수집 및 정화 시스템, 건물 외관에 통합된 소음 저감 솔루션** 등이 있습니다.
* 💨 제시된 기술 중 하나는 도시 협곡 지역의 미세먼지를 걸러내 보행자의 대기 질을 개선하는 **스모그 먹는 패널**입니다.
* 또 다른 혁신은 **열 바이메탈 소재를 사용한 자동 차양 창문 시스템**으로, 실외 조건에 따라 자동으로 조절되어 냉방에 필요한 에너지 소비를 줄여줍니다.
* 🏙 ️ 연사는 이러한 기술이 **도시 환경의 지속가능성, 형평성, 웰빙**을 향상시킬 수 있는 잠재력을 강조합니다.
* 🌐 이러한 솔루션을 대규모로 구현하기 위해 연사는 **파사드에 공공 중심 기술**을 요구하고, **기업가 기회를 촉진**하며, **보다 유익한 파사드에 대한 임차인의 수요**를 옹호하도록 정책을 변경할 것을 제안합니다.
* 👀 궁극적인 목표는 **건물 외관이 미적으로 아름다울 뿐만 아니라 더 넓은 커뮤니티를 위해 기능적이고 유익하게 만드는 것**입니다.
* 🌆 연사는 사람들이 건물을 단순히 예쁜 얼굴이 아니라 **공중 보건과 사회 개선에 기여할 수 있는 잠재적 기여자**로 바라보도록 독려하며 마무리합니다.

건물 외관에 공중 보건 및 인프라를 위한 기술을 통합하여 건물 내부와 외부 모두에 혜택을 줄 수 있습니다.

So have you ever walked in front of a glass facade and see yourself in the reflection and try to check yourself out? Oh wait, wait, I forgot -- the glass facade is there not for you, but it's for the people on the inside to get a great view out. And they're probably looking at you picking the spinach from your teeth. (Laughter) Have you ever walked in a city, come upon a very large commercial building, and in the very hot heat of the summer, the doors fly open, you feel that air-conditioned air come out and blast you, and you just sit there and wallow in that cool air? Oh wait, I forgot, that cool air is for the people on the inside. It's a private building. They won't even let you in to use a bathroom. (Laughter) Have you ever wondered why cities get hotter and hotter every year? Oh, wait, I forgot.

In order to cool these buildings, the air conditioning systems
have to give off air and emit it to the atmosphere, making it hotter and hotter every year, contributing to the heat island effect. So I'm an architect,
a building tech innovator, and a 10,000-step-a-day pedestrian. And I want to talk about how buildings can not only benefit
the people on the inside, but they can actually improve life
for those on the outside. So if you go back into history,
things were different, right? In the cave, humans had to only
worry about the interior, the outside facade was designed by nature. Once leaving the cave, humans then started
to stack rocks to make shelter and in doing so inadvertently made some of the earliest facades. From there, culture refined, building construction techniques refined, they discovered that the outside facade
that's very public-facing can actually tell stories and narratives. It could be used for public service. So they can tell stories about the family,
the histories, the conquests,

the wealth, the status, all these types of things
appeared on facades, and facades became a thing. So fast forward, we have
new technologies, new materials. We're able to thin out the building
so it's transparent, the facade itself. But the problem is,
glass is a very poor insulator. And that glass then can let
the heat in, the cool in, and we had to develop big
air-conditioning systems, heating systems to make the interiors
even tolerable to stay in. And more recently, we want to keep that transparency. We want the glass, the view. But in order to do that
and make the systems efficient, we had to expand that facade system again. So it's highly engineered now
to keep out the heat, the cold, the moisture and glare. So all these systems,
in order to make it happen, even have four panes of glass to do it. It's comfortable, it works.

But what do we do next? So I would like to propose
that the thickness of the facade still be used to make people
on the inside comfortable. But can we think about the outside
portion of the facade benefiting people on the outside? Can we actually think about those
thousands of square feet of surface area? No, millions of square feet
of surface area inside the city and use it for the public? Can we use it for infrastructure
and for public good? So I'm going to show you a few
technologies of other people that do that. Here, we can make habitats for animals, ecosystems like these
for bees, birds, bats, all kinds of animals
are even important to cities. This is a habitat for microorganisms. They're invisible, but they're essential to our livelihood, just like the microbiomes inside your gut. Think about the probiotic qualities of it. The same thing has to happen to cities. Water is an important resource.

And so in this system,
it not only collects water, but it also can purify it, as well as store it
in a hyperlocalized way. So that places where
water security is an issue starts to eliminate and reduce. Think about areas that have drought. And we can also modulate the surfaces, perforate the different types of materials in order to reduce the amount
of noise pollution in streets. So think about garbage trucks,
sirens, honking horns. That type of stuff can actually diminish
with new technologies. In my own work, I look at architecture as something that can contribute
positively to sustainability, to equity, and to wellness. I'm going to show you two technologies
at different levels of development that I use and apply
to public health issues. So the first one is a smog-eating
panel for architecture. And in this case, it actually starts to filter
particulate matter and noxious waste in cities in urban-canyon areas.

So an urban canyon is when a street is lined by two very tall buildings on both sides, right, forming a canyon-like scenario. And what happens is in these areas, the air movement is very predictable. It comes from prevailing winds, from thermal convection, from the movement of vehicles in there. And it moves in a circular pattern where it makes it very difficult for the heavy particulate matter to escape. So therefore it just keeps going through and accumulates in the bottom over time, more and more. So what we're trying to do is modulate the surface so the surface can allow those prevailing winds to flow into these tubes, to filter that smog and move out as fresh air. So you can see here we use models and wind tunnels that we build as well as simulation modeling to test it. We pack the tubes together so that we can maximize the efficacy of it, as well as minimize the material it takes to make it.

And we put them in such a position
where that wind flow is actually going, and so that it would have an easy time
going into the tubes, cleaning the air, and coming out as fresh air. We also use the thermal convection model, where in the case the pavement
is heating the air, that hot air wants to rise
up the face of the building. They can go into
these tubes also to filter and then send out fresh air. So it's done in a very passive way. And not only do we try
to apply this to building facades so that the facades
are doing the cleaning, we want to actually design
these bus shelters that can use this kind of technology, bringing the freshest pockets of air to the people who spend the most
amount of time on the streets breathing the worst air. Another technology that I'm working on
is a self-shading window system. Here you can see it. Basically what it does is it shades
the interior automatically.

so that you can use
less energy on air conditioning. The idea came from using
these thermo bimetal material, which is a material
that curls when heated. And we make these very low-tech robots
that we do for fun in our office. I know, everybody chuckles
when they see it, and it's important that you know that because what happens is people
get connected to them as if they're little pets,
as if they are alive. And even we name them. This one's actually called Roly Poly. (Laughter) So from there, the idea was
that we use this thermo bimetal on the facade of a building so that it actually can react
to the outdoor environment. And through the course of a day,
through the course of a year, as the temperature changes all the time, the building would also
change to follow that. And if we can animate a building, then possibly we can get people to also feel more connected
to the building, like their pets.

And if we do that,
we can make people smile more. They can cherish their buildings, and they can even feel
protective of their cities. So, therefore, the happiness level
of the city can go up, as well as mental health. So we embrace this idea
of putting bimetal in the facade. In this case, it's actually in the cavity of a double-glazed standard window system. And we allow these little critters,
again like butterflies, to flutter around and flip. So when the heat comes in... You can see simulated like the sun, these pieces will flip over
and respond to any changes outside. What happens, too, is when they flip, you can still see pretty well
through the system. It doesn't block your view so that it turns like
into a blackout situation. And then when the sun goes away, they go back to their original position. So, you know, what happens, too,
is because it's a pixilated system,

we can put graphics on it. It opens and closes whenever it wants to, so that you can start to see the graphics. The result is awe-inspiring. It’s biophilic, and it’s magical. And I'm happy to say that it's also safe for birds, right? Birds on the outside. So it's actually a great thing. We're hoping to put this technology onto buildings as soon as the end of this year, so stay tuned for that. So how can we get a lot of these cool technologies on buildings? This is the big question. I have three suggestions. The first one is change policy. Can we require owners and contractors and real estate developers to spend a percentage of their construction cost on public-centric technologies for facades? Can we do that? Two, think entrepreneurially. Can owners actually rent, lease, sell this facade to others for infrastructure? Can it be to agriculture? Can it be to even not-for-profit situations?

Can it be for utility companies? There's a lot of possibilities
that can happen. And three, advocate for change. Renters inside the buildings must start
to demand that their building facades are much more magnanimous. Because think about it: everybody in these buildings
must come out to the streets, too. And together, we can actually enjoy the improvements to our society
and public health. So next time you go out into a city
and you're walking around, look carefully at the buildings. They don't have to be just a pretty face. They can serve a bigger purpose. Thank you. (Applause)

How Buildings Can Improve Life — Inside and Out | Doris Sung | TED

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건물 외관이 도시 생활에 미치는 영향

유리 파사드와 에어컨은 내부에 있는 사람들의 편의를 위해 설계되어 도시의 열섬 효과에 기여합니다.

역사적으로 건물 외관은 스토리를 전달하고 공공 기능을 제공하는 데 사용되어 왔지만, 현대 기술로 인해 외관을 투명하면서도 에너지 효율적으로 만들기 위한 정교한 엔지니어링이 필요해졌습니다.

연사는 도시의 공익과 인프라를 위해 건물 외관을 활용할 것을 제안합니다.

동물과 미생물을 위한 서식지를 조성하고 파사드를 사용하여 물을 모으고, 정화하고, 저장할 것을 제안합니다.

또한 새로운 파사드 기술을 사용하여 소음 공해를 줄이고 도시 지역의 공중 보건 문제를 해결하는 방법에 대해서도 논의합니다.

혁신적인 기술로 도시 공기질 개선하기

도시 협곡은 예측 가능한 공기 이동 패턴으로 인해 중금속을 가두지만, 건물 표면을 조절하여 신선한 공기를 여과하고 방출하는 것이 해결책이 될 수 있습니다.

이는 윈드 터널, 시뮬레이션 모델링, 전략적으로 배치된 튜브를 사용하여 효율성을 극대화하고 재료를 최소화함으로써 달성할 수 있습니다.

이 기술은 버스 쉘터에도 적용되어 야외에서 많은 시간을 보내는 사람들에게 신선한 공기를 제공하고 있으며, 실내 공기질을 개선하기 위해 자동 차양 창문 시스템도 개발 중입니다.

열 바이메탈을 사용하여 인터랙티브한 건물 외관을 만들기

열 바이메탈은 외부 환경에 반응하여 하루와 일 년 내내 변화하는 건물 외관을 만드는 데 사용됩니다.

그 목표는 사람들이 건물과 더 많이 연결되어 있다고 느끼게 하여 도시의 행복과 정신 건강을 증진하는 것입니다.

바이메탈 파사드를 사용하면 가시성을 유지하면서 변화에 반응하는 픽셀화된 시스템을 만들 수 있습니다.

공익을 위한 건물 외관의 잠재력

새들에게 시각적인 매력과 안전을 모두 제공하는 건물 외벽을 위한 새로운 기술이 개발되고 있습니다.

연사는 이러한 기술의 사용을 촉진하는 세 가지 방법, 즉 정책 변화, 기업가적 사고, 사회 공익을 위한 옹호를 통해 이러한 기술의 사용을 촉진할 것을 제안합니다.

이러한 제안을 실행함으로써 건물 외관은 미관을 넘어 대중에게 혜택을 주고 전반적인 공중 보건을 개선할 수 있습니다.