시편 구조, 주제 및 목적

### 시편의 복잡한 디자인과 테마
* 📜 시편은 이스라엘 역사의 다양한 시대에서 유래한 **150편의 고대 히브리 시, 노래, 기도문 모음집**으로, **다윗 왕이 지은 것**이 많습니다.
* 📖 이 책은 의도적으로 다섯 개의 주요 섹션으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 섹션은 **"이스라엘의 하나님 여호와여 영원토록 아멘, 아멘"**과 비슷한 축복으로 마무리됩니다.
* 🔍 시편 1편과 2편은 **토라와 미래의 메시아 왕국**이라는 주제를 설정하는 책의 서론으로 볼 수 있으며, 각 절에서 더욱 발전하고 얽혀 있습니다.
* 🏛 1권은 **다윗을 신실함의 모델**로 삼아 언약의 신실함에 초점을 맞추고, 2권은 **미래의 시온 성전으로의 귀환**과 **메시아 왕의 통치에 대한 희망**을 강조합니다.
* 🌍 3장은 이스라엘의 유배에 비추어 **다윗에게 하신 하나님의 약속**을 묵상하고, 4장은 모든 피조물에 대한 **하나님의 통치를 선포**함으로써 유배의 위기에 대응합니다.
* 🙏 5권은 **가장 긴 시인 시편 119편**을 통해 미래의 구원에 대한 희망을 담고 있으며, **토라를 하나님의 백성에게 주신 선물**로 찬양합니다.
* 🎼 이 책은 앞부분의 애가 시에서 뒷부분의 찬양 시로 전환되며, **5부로 구성된 할렐루야의 결론**으로 마무리됩니다.
* 📚 시편은 **토라, 메시아, 애가, 찬양, 믿음, 희망**이라는 주제를 엮어 하나님의 백성들의 기도를 인도하는 복잡하고 의도적인 작품입니다.

시편은 애가와 찬양의 조화를 통해 믿음과 희망을 가르치며, 신자들을 하나님의 미래 메시아 왕국을 향해 인도합니다.

The Book of Psalms. It's a collection of 150 ancient Hebrew poems, songs, and prayers that come from all different periods in Israel's history. Many of these poems are connected with King David-- 73, actually. And he was known as a poet and a harp player. But there are many different authors behind these poems. There's the poems of Asaph, or from the sons of Korah, and some from other worship leaders in the temple. Even Solomon and Moses have their own poems, and nearly one-third of these are anonymous. Now, many of these poems came to be used by the choirs that sang in Israel's temple. But the Book of Psalms is actually not a hymn book. At some point in the period after Israel's exile to Babylon, these ancient poems were gathered together and intentionally arranged into the Book of Psalms before us. And it has

a very unique design and message that you're not gonna notice unless you read it from beginning to end. Now to see how the Book of Psalms is designed, it's actually most helpful to start at the end. The book concludes with five poems of praise to the God of Israel, and each one begins and ends with the word hallelujah, which is Hebrew for a command to tell a group of people to praise Yah, which is short for the divine name Yahweh. Now that's a really nice five-part arrangement, and it looks like someone's giving us a conclusion here to the book. So it invites the question, does the book have any other signs of intentional design? If you pay attention to the headings of the poems, you'll notice that at five places your Bible translators have the heading book one, book two, book three, four, and five at various points, and that these divide the book into five large

sections. Now, the reason for this is that the final poem in each of those sections has a very similar ending that looks like an editorial addition. It reads something like, May the LORD, the God of Israel, be blessed forever and ever, amen and amen. So, the book has a conclusion, it has an internal organization into five main parts, and so the natural place to go from here is now the beginning-- to look for an introduction. And what do we find? Psalm 1 and 2, which stand outside of Book One because most of the poems in Book One are linked to David except Psalms 1 and 2, which are anonymous. Psalm 1 celebrates how blessed the person is who meditates on the Torah, prayerfully reading it day and night and then obeying it. Now, the word Torah, it simply means teaching, and more specifically, it came to refer to the five books of Moses.

that begin the Old Testament. And here, actually, the word seems to be used with both meanings in mind, which explains why it has five main parts. The Book of Psalms is being offered as a new Torah that will teach God's people the lifelong practice of prayer as they strive to obey God's commands given in the first Torah. Psalm 2 is a poetic reflection on God's promise to King David from 2nd Samuel chapter 7 that one day a Messianic King would come and establish God's kingdom over the world, defeat evil and rebellion among the nations. Now Psalm 2 concludes by saying that all of those who take refuge in the Messianic King will be blessed, precisely the word used to open Psalm 1. And so together, these two poems tell us that the Book of Psalms is designed to be the prayer book of God's people as they strive to be faithful to the commands of the Torah as

they hope and wait for the future Messianic Kingdom. Now, with these two themes introduced, we can start to see how the smaller books have been designed as well around these two ideas. So, for example, Book One has, right at the center, a collection of poems, Psalms 15 through 24, that opens and closes with a call to covenant faithfulness. And then, in Psalms 16 to 18, we find a depiction of David as a model of this kind of faithfulness. So, he calls out to God to deliver him, and God elevates him as King. Now, in the corresponding set of poems, Psalms 20-23, the David of the past has become an image of the Messianic King of the future, who will also call out to God, he will be delivered, and then given a kingdom over the nations. And then, right at the center of this collection, is a poem,

Psalm 19, dedicated to praising God for the Torah. So here we go: the two themes from Psalm 1 and 2 are bound together tightly here. Book Two opens with two poems that are united in their hope for a future return to the temple in Zion, and this is the image closely associated with the hope of the Messianic Kingdom. Then Book Two closes with a poem that depicts the future reign of the Messianic King over all of the nations. This poem's really amazing because it echoes all these other passages from the prophets about the Messianic Kingdom, and it concludes by saying that this king's reign will bring about the fulfillment of God's ancient promise to Abraham to bring God's blessing to all of the nations. Book Three also concludes with a poem reflecting on God's promise to David, but this time in light of Israel's exile. So the poet remembers how God said he would never abandon the line of David.

but now he's looking at Israel's rebellion in its result and destruction and exile and the downfall of the line of David. And so the poet ends by asking God to never forget his promise to David. Book Four is designed to respond to this crisis of exile. So the opening poem returns us back to Israel's roots with a prayer of Moses and he does what he did on Mount Sinai after the Golden Calf incident, which is to call upon God to show mercy. The center of Book Four is dominated by a group of poems that announced that the LORD, the God of Israel, reigns as the true king of the world and all creation-- trees, mountains, rivers-- are all summoned to celebrate that future day when God will bring his justice and kingdom over all the world. Book Five opens with a series of poems that affirmed that God hears the cries of his people and will one day send the future king to defeat evil and bring God's kingdom. This book also contains

two larger collections, one called the hallel, the other called the songs of ascent. Each one of these collections concludes with a poem about the future Messianic Kingdom. And these two collections together, they sustain the hope for a future exodus-like act of God to redeem his people. And then, right between them is Psalm 119. It's the longest poem in the book. It's an alphabet poem, each line begins with a new letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and it explores the wonder and the gift of the Torah as God's Word to his people. So here we go. The themes from Psalm 1 and Psalm 2 and Torah and Messiah combined all together here in Book Five. Which brings us all the way back to that five-poem conclusion. In the center poem, Psalm 148, all creation is summoned to praise the God of Israel because he has raised up a horn for his people. Now the horn here is a

metaphor of a bull's horn raised in victory. And this image echoes back to the same image used in Hannah's song, 1 Samuel chapter 2, but also to the earlier Psalm 132. The horn is a symbol for the future Messianic King and his victory over evil. It's a fitting conclusion to this amazing book. Now here's one more thing that you are likely going to miss if you don't read this book in order. There's lots of different kinds of poems in the book of Psalms, but they all basically fall into two big categories--either poems of lament or poems of praise. Poems of lament expressed pain, confusion, and anger about how horrible the world is and how horrible things are happening to the poet, and so these poems draw attention to what's wrong in the world and they ask God to do something about it. There's a lot of these in the book, which tells us something important--

that lament is an appropriate response to the evil that we see in our world. But what you'll notice is that lament poems predominate earlier in the book, in books 1 through 3. Pay attention because you'll see praise poems occasionally too. Praise poems are poems of joy and celebration, and they draw attention to what's good in the world. They retell stories of what God has done in our lives and thank God for it. In Books Four and Five, you'll notice that praise poems come to outnumber lament poems, and it all culminates in that five-part hallelujah conclusion. So this shift from lament to praise, this is profound, and it tells us something about the nature of prayer. As we hoped for the Messianic Kingdom, as the book teaches us to do, this will create tension for us as we look out on the tragic state of our world and of our lives. And so the psalms teach us not to

ignore the pain of our lives, but at the same time, Biblical faith is forward-looking--looking to the promise of God's future Messianic Kingdom. And so Torah and Messiah, lament and praise, faith and hope. That's what the Book of Psalms is all about.

Book of Psalms Summary: A Complete Animated Overview

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시편은 다윗 왕, 아삽, 모세 등 다양한 저자가 쓴 150편의 고대 히브리 시, 노래, 기도문으로 구성된 모음집입니다.

이 책은 의도적으로 5개의 섹션으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 섹션은 비슷한 방식으로 마무리되고 마지막 5편의 시는 하나님을 찬양합니다.

시편 1편과 2편은 토라를 묵상하고 그 가르침에 순종하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 강조하는 도입부 역할을 합니다.

시편은 하나님의 백성에게 하나님의 명령에 순종하는 기도의 실천을 가르치는 새로운 토라의 역할을 합니다.

시편 2편은 하나님의 왕국을 세우고 악을 물리칠 미래의 메시아 왕에 대한 하나님의 약속을 다윗 왕에게 전합니다.

이 책은 언약의 신실함과 메시아 왕국에 대한 소망이라는 주제를 중심으로 구성되어 있으며, 다윗의 이야기는 신실함과 미래의 메시아 왕의 역할에 대한 모범이 되어 줍니다.

시편의 주제 희망, 유배, 그리고 하나님의 약속

시편 19편은 토라에 대한 하나님을 찬양하고, 2편은 시온 성전으로의 귀환과 메시아 왕의 통치에 대한 소망에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다.

3권은 이스라엘의 유배에 비추어 다윗에게 주신 하나님의 약속을 묵상하며 그 약속을 기억하라는 간구로 끝맺습니다.

4권은 유배 위기에 대응하여 참된 왕이신 하나님의 통치와 그분의 공의와 왕국의 장래에 대한 축하를 강조합니다.

5권은 하나님께서 자기 백성의 부르짖음을 들으시고 미래의 왕을 보내셔서 악을 물리치고 그분의 왕국을 세우실 것을 확언합니다.

시편에는 할렐과 승천의 노래라는 두 개의 큰 모음집으로 구성되어 있으며, 두 시 모두 미래의 메시아 왕국에 대한 시로 마무리됩니다.

가장 긴 시인 시편 119편은 하나님의 백성에게 주신 하나님의 말씀인 토라의 선물에 대해 탐구합니다.

중심 시인 시편 148편은 미래의 메시아 왕의 악에 대한 승리를 상징하는 뿔을 들어 모든 피조물이 하나님을 찬양할 것을 촉구합니다.

시편에서 애가에서 찬양으로의 전환

시편은 처음 세 권에는 세상의 악을 다룬 애가 시가 주로 등장합니다.

기쁨과 하나님의 선하심을 찬양하는 찬양 시가 4권과 5권에서 점차 애가 시보다 많아지고, 5부로 구성된 할렐루야의 결론으로 절정에 이릅니다.

이러한 변화는 삶의 고통을 인정하는 것과 하나님의 약속된 메시아 왕국에 대한 미래 지향적 신앙을 유지하는 것 사이의 긴장을 강조합니다.