대규모 기술 인력 해고: 기술 근로자와 산업에 미치는 영향

### 기술 해고: 꿈의 일자리 시대의 종말?
* 💼 한때 호화로운 혜택을 제공하는 꿈의 직장으로 여겨졌던 빅테크 기업들은 **2022년 16만 5천 명, 2023년 26만 명, 2024년 현재까지 12만 5천 명**을 해고하는 등 수십만 개의 일자리를 감축하고 있습니다.
* 📈 이번 해고는 **2008년 금융 위기 이후 일자리 증가율이 전체 경제를 앞질렀지만 현재는 둔화**되고 있는 기술 업계의 광범위한 추세의 일부입니다.
* 🏢 Meta는 2022년 말부터 **2만 개 이상의 일자리를 감축**하고, Microsoft와 다른 기업들은 **다양성, 형평성, 포용성(DEI) 팀을 축소**하는 등 업계 전반에 걸쳐 해고가 일어나고 있습니다.
* 🌎 기술직 근로자들은 어려운 고용 시장에 직면해 있으며, 많은 사람들이 **해고된 동일한 직무**를 놓고 경쟁하는 반면, 다른 사람들은 **다른 산업에서 기회**를 찾고 있습니다.
* 💰 이번 해고는 부분적으로는 **수익률을 개선**하고 주주들에게 비용 규율에 지속적으로 집중하는 모습을 보여주기 위한 노력과 팬데믹 호황기에 기술 업계가 **과잉 고용**을 했다는 인식에서 비롯된 것입니다.
* 🏗 ️ 기술 산업은 일자리가 전국으로 확산되고 채용 우선 순위가 **AI, 머신러닝, 데이터 분석 능력**으로 바뀌는 등 변화를 겪고 있습니다.
* 📉 최근의 기술 기업 주식 매각은 **대기업에 비용 절감에 대한 압력을 가**했으며, 일부 내부자들은 **수년 동안 주식을 매각하지 않다가 주식을 매각**하기도 했습니다.
* 🌟 이러한 어려움에도 불구하고 기술 업계에는 여전히 기회가 있으며, 일부 근로자는 **자신의 회사를 창업**하거나 다른 부문에서 다른 직업을 선택하기도 합니다.

빅테크의 감원은 팬데믹 기간 동안의 과잉 고용, 리소스 개편, AI 투자로의 초점 전환을 반영합니다.

big Tech is slashing hundreds of thousands of jobs and blaming artificial intelligence, but there may be more to the story than that. Intel just announced 15,000 layoffs yesterday, causing their stock price to plunge. big Tech, who for over a decade provided all sorts of employee perks, may no longer be the dream place to work. In 2009, a friend of mine who had quit his job in Investment Banking joked that in the wake of the financial crisis, being an investment banker was like being an airline stewardess. The job used to be glamorous and well-paid, and now it was neither. After the financial crisis, central banks around the world slashed interest rates to near zero, which was bad for banks but good for startups and the tech industry. According to the St. Louis Fed, over the 5 years after the financial crisis, jobs in the tech sector expanded by more than 20%, compared to 11% job growth in the overall US economy. Tech sector wages, which were already high, grew at roughly 5% per year over the same period. It became the place to be while other

businesses offered employees benefits like pensions and Health Care. Tech firms attracted staff by offering perks like free food, offices that looked like playgrounds, nap pods, the ability to bring your pet to work, on-site massages, meditation rooms, office Jam sessions at Spotify, and something called disco yoga. Google and Facebook offered employees a free laundry service, which is only so much of a perk when their employees mostly wear shorts and t-shirts. I don't know, maybe the laundry service went to their homes and picked up their dirty laundry from their bedroom floors, that's probably how it worked to seem relatable. Tech workers began posting Day in the Life videos on social media, mostly showing themselves playing pingpong and eating berries at work. Hey guys, welcome to a day of my life as a 26-year-old working in teken Manhattan. So I wake up at 5:00 a.m. and I go to Equinox, and I get in the cab and head to the office. The subway is really scary since there are tons of lower-class people who don't work in Tech, so I.

take the cab everywhere now. In 2020, the global pandemic transformed how people lived, worked, educated their children, and spent their free time. The world rapidly moved online. The surge of e-commerce and consumer tech spending led to massive revenue growth at Big Tech. Central banks around the world slashed interest rates even further, and tech firms took that cheap money, significantly stepping up their investments in moonshot projects like self-driving cars, metaverses, and crypto. Facebook, who went so far as to change the company name to Meta to demonstrate their commitment to whatever the metaverse is, hired a ton of people during this period, with headcount up 60% by the end of 2021. During this boom period, the mega-cap tech firms combined increase in headcount was 35%, or almost 130,000 new jobs, and the lavish deals that they had given their employees redefined employment expectations in the entire economy. The Big Tech firms were already rated as the best firms to work for, with Google or Alphabet having been ranked number one eight times between 2006 and

2018 on the fortune list of the best companies to work for. Justin Fox at Bloomberg points out that there had been an acceleration in hiring even before the pandemic, which explains why Tech CEOs might have thought that the growth that they were seeing during the pandemic represented a new normal rather than a temporary effect. By the end of the pandemic, they had hired almost 200,000 more people in the US than they would have if they had stuck to their prior hiring Trend. The tech stock selloff that started in 2022 put big tech companies under pressure to improve their bottom lines, and they laid off some of the excess staff that had been hired to meet the pandemic boom. Twitter led the way with layoffs when its new owner reportedly laid off half of the employees within a month of taking over the company, breaking the taboo of tech layoffs, making it easier for other big firms to lay off staff without standing out from the crowd. Big Tech has been making significant cuts, and the layoffs don't seem to be ending according to

layoffs.fyi, a website monitoring job cuts in the tech sector. There were 165,000 tech sector layoffs in 2022, 260,000 in 2023, and there have been 125,000 so far this year. The tech firms are still reporting good earnings, and the AI boom is still in full swing. Overall jobs growth in the United States has been strong, if slowing slightly, and workers' pay has been outpacing inflation. So why are tech workers losing their jobs? Where are they going, and which roles are disappearing the fastest? Is working for big tech no longer a dream job? Learning a little every day is one of the most important things that you can do, both for personal and professional growth. Today's sponsor, brilliant.org, helps you build real knowledge in minutes a day with fun lessons you can do whenever you have time. Brilliant is a learning platform designed to be uniquely effective, as each lesson involves hands-on problem-solving that lets you play around with concepts so that you can learn by doing rather than

by memorization. Brilliant growing number of programming courses are a great way to build Foundation and learn real-world applications. Using the app, you can learn essential coding elements from loops and variables to nesting and conditionals. Brilliance problemsolving approach to learning doesn't just help you learn specific topics but helps you become a better thinker. Their content is crafted by an award-winning team of teachers, researchers, and professionals from MIT, Caltech, Duke, Microsoft, Google, and more. I'm told it's six times more effective learning with an interactive app than just watching a lecture. With brilliant, you learn by trying things out for yourself, which is what makes learning with brilliant both fun and powerful. To try everything brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/Patrick or click on the link in the description. You'll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription. In 2024, the YouTube and LinkedIn trend of posting day in the life of a tech worker videos reversed course. The new videos were called a day in the life of an out-of

workor Tech worker, and they seemed a lot less fun. Big Life Update: I got laid off yesterday. For some reason, these young Tech workers hold their microphones in their hands in their videos, which I worry makes them less employable. As if you don't understand the technology of a mic stand, which is a stick, you don't seem that up to date with technology. I mentioned this issue to a friend who told me that young people do this to seem more personable. So I thought that I would give it a go. Hopefully, I seem more relatable now. The audio quality should still be good because, uh, you know, it's not actually plugged in. I'm trying to seem relatable, not to have bad audio. According to the Ft, a lot of the tech layoffs are happening as companies are reshuffling their resources in order to invest in new areas, such as generative AI, while showing shareholders that there's a continued focus on cost discipline. They highlight meta, which cut more than 20,000 jobs since late 2022, who said in

February, the net headcount additions for the year will be minimal, even as they made significant investments in generative AI, which would involve securing talent. The result has been a wipeout in Tech job jobs, and for the first time since the dot bubble burst, it unemployment is actually higher than US unemployment overall. I'm sorry, I have to stop with this microphone thing. I mean, it's ridiculous. I'll put a link to a mic stand in the video description to help out any of my younger viewers who aren't familiar with how that works. The tech selloff of 2022 led Tech companies to evaluate their workforces and realized that they had a lot of dead wood. And if they had leaner organizations, they could be more profitable. And as they cut staff, their stock prices started to rise, according to the Washington Post. As stocks have risen, spirits in the San Francisco Bay area, at the heart of the US tech industry, have only fallen further. The layoff announcements from Big tech.

companies all contained variations on the theme of we hired too many people during the boom years. While things are tough in the tech sector, the BLS data shows that the ratio of job openings to job seekers is still quite good. There are 8.2 million job openings in the United States and only 7.1 million job seekers. Unfortunately, a lot of the job openings are in areas like Education, Health Care, Hospitality, Transportation, and Utilities, not Tech. According to the press, a lot of the tech layoffs have been in ESG areas where the big Tech firms have started abandoning their woke policies as part of their cost cutting. The New York Post reported that Microsoft laid off a team devoted to diversity, equity, and inclusion after spending millions of dollars on the initiative. One of the signs of the over hiring may have been the woman that they hired away from the land registry who would read out the property title before every meeting. First, we want to acknowledge that the land where the Microsoft campus is situated was

traditionally occupied by the Samamish, the Duwamish, the Snoqualmie, the Suquamish, the Muckleshoot, the Snohomish, the Tulp, and other Coast Salish peoples since time immemorial. Maybe I should look up who owned this office before me and say something nice about them at the start of the videos. I don't know how people do this stuff anyhow. Last year, Alphabet and MAA, or Google and Facebook, reduced the scope of their DEI programs and cut staff. Zoom, Snap, Tesla, DoorDash, Lyft, and Wayfair have also downsized their DEI teams. The Post reports that DEI-related job postings had declined by 44% by mid-2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Despite these layoffs, Microsoft told The Post that their diversity and inclusion commitments remain unchanged. Marin Somerset Webb wrote in Bloomberg earlier this year that ESG and DEI policies had turned out to be low-interest-rate environment luxury goods. She highlights the pullback from these.

policies across both the public and corporate sectors in the UK. The Financial Reporting Council just opted against including ESG requirements in the UK Corporate Governance Code, and BlackRock CEO Larry Fink, once a champion of ESG, rarely mentions it anymore. Mentions of DEI and ESG in company earnings calls have plummeted too since interest rates started to rise, as has their prominence in corporate presentations. A recent paper from the University of Copenhagen suggests that even amongst retail investors, ESG investing is a luxury good where demand for it increases disproportionately with the scale of inherited wealth. Tech, just like Finance, can be a boom-and-bust industry where workers are paid well, but there is a lot of career volatility. People who have been in either industry for a full market cycle are usually aware of this and know to save their money when the times are good. I'm reminded of a story a friend told me of hiring at an investment bank back in the late 1990s. He said that it was so hard to hire at the time that he found himself

making offers to the type of candidate that he would have never considered in prior years. As he just needed to fill seats during the slowdown of the early 2000s, he then let all of those people go during the US tech sector's last high-growth phase from 1990 to 2000. National employment in the tech industry shot up by 36% over the period, according to Federal Reserve data. Average weekly wages for tech workers doubled, rising by 102% over the decade. At its peak in 2000, tech employment accounted for just over 4% of total private employment. When the dotcom bubble burst, technology sector employment declined rapidly, with significant net job losses for four straight years. By the time it bottomed out in 2004, the sector's workforce had shrunk by almost 18%, and tech employment declined to 3.4% of total private employment. From 2010 through to 2022, job growth in the tech sector once again hugely outpaced job growth in the rest

of the economy, and most tech workers under the age of 35 have never seen a slowdown. The FT reported earlier this year that the tech layoffs in 2024 appear to be more strategic, as job cuts in 20124 have come alongside active hiring. Meta, which cut more than 20,000 jobs since late 2022, said in February that net headcount additions for the year would be minimal, even as it's made significant investments in general of AI, which would include securing talent. SAP announced a companywide transformation in January that involves 8,000 layoffs as they increase their focus on AI. They said that their staff numbers would stay about the same but that they would be reskilling. This reskilling process is extremely painful for tech workers as it usually involves being laid off and requalifying. I saw a LinkedIn post earlier this week on how there are both too few and too many software engineers right now because of a huge skills mismatch in the software development industry. The author wrote that there had

been a huge boom of people coming into software development and training as web developers, but companies now want to hire people with skills in AI, machine learning, data analysis, and things like that. The writer argued that big Tech needs to hire the best people and then train them as necessary, as it might be too disruptive turning over your Workforce constantly. While layoffs are happening at these high-profile Tech firms, they aren't happening in every Department. According to Robert Half, a recruiting firm, a sizable portion of the layoffs at Big Tech have not been technology professionals but those in other departments. 365 data signs looked into which roles were most affected by the tech layoffs and found that HR Specialists and recruiters made up almost 28% of the layoffs. They also found that this group was finding replacement jobs most quickly. This makes a lot of sense as these people are not really tied to the tech industry; they can work at any big firm. The researchers found that 19% of the laid-off tech workers who found new jobs had moved to

smaller software development firms, and 133% had moved to internet companies. They found that the majority of rehired workers continued their careers outside of tech. Among them, 10% moved to financial services, 8% moved to the services industry, 7% to Consulting, 6% to manufacturing, and 34% to other Industries. Because the majority of tech jobs are outside of the tech industry, and Tech skills are still in high demand in other Industries, many of these people are doing just fine but possibly struggling a bit with the culture Clash of no longer getting to play pingpong and eat free berries in the office. Unfortunately, the researchers found that the majority of laid-off tech workers are still on the job market competing for the type of roles they had recently been laid off from. During hiring freezes and continuing layoffs, these people are mostly highly qualified with a lot of work experience, and we'll have to see how long they remain on the job Market or if they switch careers. A study from The Brookings Institute found the tech

sector jobs have started spreading out around the country since the pandemic. San Francisco and San Jose disappeared from the list of Metro areas gaining the highest shares of digital employment, replacing them up in Metro areas like Dallas, Denver, Miami, and Salt Lake City. A report on pay Trends from zip recruiter found that 48% of 2000 US companies surveyed lowered pay for certain roles last year, and 41% of employers said that a position has gone unfilled in the past 6 months because candidates wanted more pay than the company was able to offer. According to the report, companies are not just taking advantage during a difficult job market to cut costs; in some cases, stagnant and even lowered salaries are the result of a reset for a pandemic era surge in compensation where companies were scrambling to fill roles during the Great resignation. This phenomenon of falling wages is being seen mostly in the United States because of how its economy rebounded from the pandemic. During the rebound, wage growth in the United States outpaced that of the UK and Europe, and now that it's

resetting the pinch is being felt most in the United States. One of the perks of working at a hot Tech firm during the boom period was getting a chunk of your compensation in the form of stock options, which a lot of high-growth tech companies like to think of as being free, rather than as a deferred expense that's eventually paid for when the options vest. We see this cost today in the massive stock buybacks which have to happen at firms like Salesforce to keep their share count from rising and earnings per share from falling. Bloomberg reported in May that insiders at magnificent 7 tech companies have been selling their shares after going N9 years without any significant sales. Senior Management may be less bullish than the general public are. The Magnificent Seven tech stocks have risen nearly 150% since the start of 2023, partially because of investors' excitement over artificial intelligence. Jeff Bezos netted about $8.5 billion selling Amazon stock over a 2-e period in February. This was his first sale of Amazon stock since.

2021 Mark Zuckerberg sold a billion dollars' worth of meta stock last November. Sundar picai of alphabet sold more stock in the first few months of this year than in all of 20123. Nvidia director Mark Perry sold more stock at the start of this year year than in the previous two years combined, and apple chairman Arthur levenson filed in February to sell his biggest block of stock in more than 20 years. This isn't just happening at the companies that are doing well. Tesla's chair Robin denholm filed to sell about $52 million worth of stock this year, her first sale since 2022. Some of the luster has come off of big Tech in recent weeks with the NASDAQ more than 11% off its high from a few weeks ago. The downturn followed underwhelming outlooks from the biggest tech companies along with a bad jobs number. Intel lost more than a quarter of its value this Friday after announcing plans to slash headcount and capital spending as it suffered further setbacks in its slow-moving turnaround plans.

price is below where it traded in 1997. Other semiconductor stocks like ASML and Tokyo Electron fell too. Microsoft's AI-fueled Cloud growth fell short of investor expectations earlier this week, and the stock is down about 11% over the last month, but it's still up about 10% year to date. The scale of capex by the big US tech companies, based on a belief that AI will transform the world, amounts to the biggest and fastest infrastructure roll out in history, according to the Financial Times. Big Tech is expected to spend a half a trillion dollars over the next two years, much of it on data centers powered by Nvidia GPUs. From a financial perspective, we have to ask who will benefit from this spending and when will the returns on investments start rolling in. Researchers from MIT argued in a recent report that the technology isn't designed to solve the complex problems that would justify the costs, which may not decline as many expect. The Economist wrote last year about how the big Tech firms were no longer showing up at campus recruiting.

events at top US colleges like Berkeley. Students who were hoping for internships at Fang companies were now talking to firms like Juniper Networks, an ancient company that had been founded all the way back in 1996. They report that some computer science majors have had their internships cancelled, and those with job offers have had their start dates pushed back. Apparently, students are now seeking stable employment rather than big brand names on their CVs since the waves of layoffs started. One student told The Economist that she had realized that she hadn't actually wanted to work in big tech before the layoffs and was relieved she didn't get sucked into it. She hopes to work as a product designer at a small company where she can get solid experience rather than just chasing a bigger name. Stanford Professor Jeffrey Pfeffer wrote in the Stanford report that he's concerned that the tech layoffs could spread across other industries. He wrote that layoffs are contagious across industries and within industries. So why did the big tech firms move so aggressively to cut staff? Well, a big

part of it was just because they had simply over hired. Are layoffs the best move in a challenging business environment, or is there something else they could have done? Well, they could have announced goals to increase margins, for example, to shore up the stock price, but then they'd be held accountable to achieving those goals. When they announce layoffs and the clearing out of dead wood, they get to do that and then move on, having shown that they're serious about margins and costs. For management, it's an easy fix. So, if, as The Economist says, big Tech no longer wants you, where can you go? Well, as I mentioned earlier, the majority of tech jobs in the United States are not at the big Tech firms. The other sectors who hire Tech workers may now be able to hire some top talent that previously they couldn't. Some of the recently laid off Tech workers might opt to start their own companies too and bring new products and ideas to the market. Most of today's Tech Giants grew out of the ashes of the dot-com bust.

found this video interesting. You should watch my video on what's happening with electric vehicle sales next. Don't forget to check out our sponsor brilliant.org using the link in the description. Have a great day and see you in the next video. Bye. [Music]

Big Tech Doesn't Want You Anymore

Patrick Boyle is a hedge fund manager, a university professor and a former investment banker. 

This channel is all about quantitative finance. By subscribing you will see videos explaining what is happening in markets right now, you will learn about financial derivatives, corporate finance and how traders use quantitative tools like statistics. You will see interviews with some of the most interesting people in the financial industry.  In addition, you will see some longer form documentaries on the history of financial markets.

To contact Patrick go to the website http://onfinance.org

DISCLAIMER:
This channel is not affiliated with any financial institution. The videos on this channel are for entertainment purposes only and do not constitute financial advice. Those seeking investment advice should seek out a registered professional. Patrick is not responsible for investment actions taken by viewers and his content should not be used as a basis for investment.

Patrick Boyle

빅 테크는 일자리 감소를 인공지능 탓으로 돌리고 있지만, 해고는 다양한 요인에 기인할 수 있습니다.

기술 업계는 채용 붐과 호화로운 직원 혜택으로 고용 기대치를 재정의했습니다.

팬데믹으로 인한 성장으로 고용이 크게 증가했지만, 이어진 주식 폭락으로 인해 대기업들은 비용 절감에 대한 압박을 받았고, 이로 인해 해고 사태가 발생했습니다.

기술 부문 해고와 근로자에게 미치는 영향

기술 업계의 수익 호조와 AI 붐에도 불구하고 기술 부문 해고는 매년 증가하고 있습니다.

이러한 일자리 감소는 주로 기업들이 제너레이티브 AI와 같은 새로운 분야에 투자하기 위해 리소스를 재편하면서 기술 분야 일자리가 사라졌기 때문입니다.

소셜 미디어에 '실직자의 하루' 동영상을 게시하는 트렌드는 이러한 해고가 업계 인력에 미치는 영향을 반영합니다.

기술 업계의 정리해고와 DEI에서 비용 절감으로 초점 이동

기술 기업들은 업계의 일자리 감소로 인해 비용 절감과 DEI 프로그램 축소에 중점을 두고 해고에 직면하고 있습니다.

DEI 팀의 규모를 축소하는 추세는 Google, Facebook, Zoom, Snap, Tesla, DoorDash, Lyft, Wayfair와 같은 다른 주요 기업에서도 관찰되고 있습니다.

기술 산업은 호황과 불황을 반복하는 역사를 가지고 있으며, 시장 침체기에는 상당한 일자리 증가와 높은 임금에 이어 고용이 급격히 감소합니다.

기술 인력 해고가 업계에 미치는 영향

2024년의 기술직 해고는 보다 전략적으로 이루어질 것이며, 적극적인 채용과 AI 및 재교육에 초점을 맞추는 경우가 많을 것입니다.

일부 기술 인력은 업계 밖에서 새로운 일자리를 찾고 있지만, 많은 기술 인력은 여전히 비슷한 직무를 두고 경쟁하고 있습니다.

샌프란시스코와 같은 지역에서는 디지털 고용이 감소하고 댈러스와 마이애미 같은 곳에서는 증가하면서 기술 부문의 일자리 분포가 전국적으로 변화하고 있습니다.

미국은 팬데믹 이후 경기 회복으로 인해 특정 직무의 급여가 낮아지는 추세를 보이고 있습니다.

재고 판매 및 기술 장애의 영향

기술 기업 임원들이 2023년에 상당한 양의 주식을 매각하면서 자신감에 대한 의문이 제기되고 있습니다.

기술 업계는 침체기를 겪고 있으며, 주요 기업들은 투자자들의 기대에 미치지 못하는 실적을 보이고 있습니다.

미국의 대형 기술 기업들은 AI에 상당한 투자를 계획하고 있지만, 이러한 투자에 대한 잠재적 수익에 대한 우려가 있습니다.

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기술 해고가 대학생과 기술 산업에 미치는 영향

거대 기술 기업들이 공격적으로 직원을 감축하면서 인턴십이 취소되고 대학생들의 채용 공고가 지연되는 등 대학생들이 보다 안정적인 일자리를 찾고 있습니다.

이러한 해고는 과잉 고용과 수익 및 비용 개선에 대한 의지를 보여주려는 욕구에서 비롯된 것입니다.

스탠퍼드 대학교의 제프리 페퍼 교수는 이러한 기술직 해고가 다른 산업에 전염성 있는 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 우려합니다.

그러나 이러한 상황은 기술직 근로자들이 대기업 이외의 분야에서 일자리를 찾고 심지어 자신의 회사를 창업하여 잠재적으로 시장에 새로운 혁신을 가져올 수 있는 기회를 창출할 수도 있습니다.