최신 앱 개발 방법 및 기술 개요

앱 개발은 진화하여 효율적인 애플리케이션을 만들기 위해 Kotlin, Swift, React Native, Flutter 등 다양한 방법을 제공하고 있습니다.

### 최신 앱 개발 살펴보기: 다양한 방법과 기술
* 📱 앱 개발 환경은 크게 발전하여 **Objective-C 및 Java와 같은 오래된 언어**에서 **Android용 Kotlin 및 iOS용 Swift**와 같은 최신 옵션으로 이동하고 있습니다.
* 💻 개발자는 **React Native 및 Flutter와 같은 크로스 플랫폼 기술**을 사용하여 단일 코드베이스를 사용하여 Android 및 iOS용 앱을 만들 수 있으므로 개발 프로세스를 간소화할 수 있습니다.
* 🛠 첫 번째로 설명하는 방법은 **Android XML 레이아웃**으로, 레이아웃은 XML 파일로 정의되며 프로그래밍에는 주로 **Kotlin**이 사용되어 간단한 카운터 앱을 만들 수 있습니다.
* 🎨 젯팩 컴포즈는 **선언적 UI 디자인**으로 보다 현대적인 접근 방식을 제공하여 UI 컴포넌트 연결의 복잡성을 줄여주며, 많은 개발자가 효율성을 위해 이 방식으로 전환하고 있습니다.
* 🍏 iOS의 경우, 레이아웃 모양을 예측하는 데 어려움이 있지만 **자동 레이아웃이 뷰를 정렬하는 일반적인 방법**으로 사용되면서 **Swift가 Objective-C를 기본 언어로 대체**했습니다.
* 🖥 SwiftUI에서는 Compose와 유사한 선언적 스타일에 중점을 두고 **여러 Apple 기기를 위한 앱을 동시에 생성**할 수 있도록 하여 iOS 개발을 간소화합니다.
* 🌍 리액트 네이티브는 두 플랫폼용 앱을 모두 만들 수 있어 개발자들 사이에서 인기가 있지만 **네이티브 방식에 비해 학습 곡선이 가파르고 사용자 기반이 작습니다.**
* 🚀 구글이 개발한 Flutter는 **사용 편의성과 빠른 개발 기능**으로 주목을 받고 있지만, 숙련된 개발자가 부족해 구직 시장에서 여전히 어려움을 겪고 있습니다.

The methods for creating apps have become more diverse than before, and nowadays, the conditions and options have greatly increased. When I hear someone say they made an app using Objective-C or Java, it feels like a story from the past, and I can laugh it off. We now live in an era where official Android app development is done in Kotlin, while official iOS app development is done in Swift. Moreover, there are cross-platform technologies that allow you to create Android and iPhone apps simultaneously with a single codebase. React Native, which is written in JavaScript, and Flutter, which is written in Dart, are representative examples. Today, we will explore four different ways to create apps and compare the codes as we build a counter app that increases a number each time a button is pressed. For native Android and iOS, there are two methods for designing the user interface. For iPhone, there are UIKit and SwiftUI, while Android uses XML.

Layout and force are what this is about. We will divide these into sections for better understanding. First, let's create an app using Android XML layout. Android organizes layouts in a file called XML. This file defines how the screen is drawn and does not include any other programming information. In the XML layout, you can pre-configure the screen by inserting buttons and text views. The official languages for Android are Kotlin and Java. Java is notoriously demanding when it comes to typing. Therefore, Android app development primarily uses Kotlin. However, developing in Java is not necessarily a problem. The unit that composes the Android screen is called an Activity. In the XML layout, you can assign view IDs. Using these IDs, you can connect views in the Activity. Inside an Activity written in Kotlin, you can declare variables.

When you click the button, it instructs to increase the counter value of the variable and reflects that value in the text view. This is how you can implement a counter app. Secondly, let's create an app using the Compose method. Jetpack Compose is a newer way of building UI compared to the XML method. When the app was structured using XML, programming was done in a way that dictated how the values would appear. As the number of connected components increased, you had to write code to connect variables and the screen. This method of code implementation was criticized for being somewhat cumbersome. Nowadays, a declarative approach is used, where you simply declare the connection between values and UI, and it gets connected automatically. Compose also uses this declarative approach. In Compose, views are not stored in XML layouts. Instead, they are placed within a Kotlin function that uses composable blocks. This function returns the view to be displayed. Let's create a variable for the counter. If you attach remember to the variable, it indicates that the variable has an effect on the screen.

The text view can represent values by connecting states, and clicking a button also changes the state. Compose UI takes a completely different approach from traditional development methods. It requires a lot of study and contemplation when learning and implementing. However, there is the advantage of reduced lines of code. Therefore, many recent Android apps are transitioning from XML layout methods to Compose UI methods. 

Thirdly, let’s create an app using iOS UI technology with the Swift language. Swift is the standard programming language used to write apps for Mac, iPhone, and iPad. Before that, Apple's standard programming language was Objective-C. If JavaScript has similarities to two other languages, Objective-C has a unique structure that makes it more complex. As can be seen, Objective-C is notorious for being a difficult language to learn. Currently, Swift has firmly established itself as the main language for iOS development.

Objective-C is much more difficult than Swift, so programming an iPhone app in Objective-C is not recommended. Swift has a unique memory management technique, which can make it complex if you dive deep into it. However, if you want to use it at a hobby level, it is not a very difficult language to learn. Originally, iOS development used a storyboard approach where you design the screen directly and connect it to the code by dragging. This introduced an intuitive design into app development. Apple's obsessive thinking is impressive, but connecting and disconnecting can take quite a bit of time. If you live a busy life, you might not use the storyboard-based method very much. While Android screens are composed of activities, iOS screens are composed of UI View Controllers from UIKit. Most iOS apps create and arrange views in code, and the configuration of these views is done using Auto Layout.

The layout is a method of arrangement. Auto Layout is a layout method that mathematically specifies constraints for the arrangement of views. In this counter app, we set an Auto Layout constraint that the center of the label and button is the same as the center of the entire screen. Auto Layout can be tricky and does not support live previews. In fact, it is difficult to determine how the layout will look until you actually run it. Therefore, iOS UI development is particularly challenging. The screen refresh method is similar to Android's XML layout. When a button is clicked, it specifies a physical function. Within this function, the values of variables are changed, and the display value of the text label is updated accordingly. Lastly, we will create an iOS Swift UI app. Swift UI is a screen development method that allows simultaneous development of apps for iPad, Mac, and iPhone. We prioritize layouts that are likely to be common across the three devices. Screens that are specific to the iPhone, such as camera image selection, will have UI considerations.

You need to bring in a key. The screen is structured in a way similar to how you declare in SwiftUI and Android Compose. Auto layout is a development method that is used similarly. Let's create a variable for the counter. By prefixing the variable with state, we can indicate that this variable affects the screen. This variable can be directly output in the text, and when the button is clicked, the value changes, and the screen value also updates. Although using SwiftUI means we cannot completely eliminate UI keys, writing the code is easier than using UI keys. Recently, app development has been progressing by converting the main screen to SwiftUI. Fifth, we created an app using React Native. React Native is a development method that Facebook actively promotes. It can be seen as bringing the dominance of React into app development. Although the learning curve for React is quite steep, it is popular, and there are plenty of learning resources and usage materials available.

React Native has a smaller user base, but it can benefit from the help of React experts to some extent. This is why React specialists often prefer it when developing apps or when app development companies want to create two apps simultaneously. Naturally, React Native has a lower market share compared to native development methods. Many apps, including those from Facebook and Instagram, use React Native. In South Korea, quite a number of apps are also utilizing React Native. React Native is developed using JavaScript or TypeScript, which are web development languages. It's important to understand that these scripts are dynamically typed and have a concept called duck typing. There are many differences compared to traditional app development languages, which may feel awkward. React builds apps by layering views, similar to Android's XML layouts or iOS's Swift UI format. In fact, this method...

포즈나 스위프트 UI는 이쪽이 먼저 나왔습니다. 2013년에 리액트가 발표되었을 때는 새로운 시도로 받아들여졌습니다. 리액트에서 상태가 담긴 변수를 만들려면 `useState`라는 특성한 함수를 사용해야 합니다. `useState`는 현재 상태와 상태를 바꾸기 위해 호출해야 하는 함수를 리턴합니다. 변수 자체를 바꾼다고 해서 화면에 영향을 주지 않고, 변경 함수를 호출해야 화면에 표시된 값도 변경됩니다. 리액트 네이티브는 배우기는 어렵고 네이티브에 비해 사용자도 얇은 편입니다. 그렇지만 이미 많은 복잡한 앱들이 리액트 네이티브를 사용하고 어느 정도 검증되어 있습니다. 아이폰과 안드로이드 두 플랫폼의 앱을 동시에 만들기 위해 사용되고 있습니다. 마지막으로 플러터를 이용해 앱을 만들어 보았습니다. 플러터는 구글이 만든 크로스 플랫폼 개발 방식입니다. 플러터는 급속도로 인기를 끌어 사용자들을 끌어모으고 있습니다. 플러터가 네이티브...

One factor that makes learning React Native easier is Flutter, which was released in 2017 and has a short history. There are few companies operating with it, and there are also relatively few experienced developers in Flutter. It is quite common for new companies without expertise in app development to create apps using Flutter. However, when initial developers leave, it becomes challenging to find new developers, leading to various difficulties. Flutter uses a programming language called Dart. While it is not a widely used language, it is not particularly difficult to learn. Flutter employs a view approach influenced by React, combining widgets that form a tree structure to display the screen. When these views are placed in a function called 'build,' they are rendered on the screen. Screens without changes have simple code, but when changes occur, the code can become a bit more complex. By using the features of Android Studio, one can convert a stateless screen into a stateful one, which generates a certain amount of skeleton code.

You can use variables without any special settings, and if you simply display them, the values will appear on the screen. If you want to change the values, you can do so by modifying the variables inside the setState function. As a result, the displayed values on the screen will change. Flutter does not yet have large-scale apps, which makes it somewhat of an adventure. However, Flutter is easy to learn and makes app development straightforward. Therefore, it is primarily used for quickly creating lightweight apps. We have explored various app development methods. It is not possible to master all the methods introduced so far; even learning just one method well can lead to creating excellent apps. If you switch from one development method to another, it requires effort comparable to starting from scratch. Thus, it is advisable to make a careful decision. Looking at the app market, Android native and iPhone native are overwhelmingly dominant. If you are considering employment as a developer...

You can choose something like Android or native iPhone. If there are experts who can share the pros and cons of each method, please leave your comments. Thank you.

어떤 모바일 앱 개발 방식이 최고인가?

전직 수능 전과목 만점자. 서울대 컴퓨터공학부 졸업. 현직 개발자.

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저세상개발자

앱 개발 방식은 발전하여 현재 Kotlin과 Swift가 각각 Android와 iOS의 공식 언어로 지정되었습니다.

React Native 및 Flutter와 같은 크로스 플랫폼 기술을 사용하면 단일 코드베이스로 앱을 동시에 만들 수 있습니다.

이 글에서는 Android의 XML 레이아웃과 UI 디자인을 위한 Jetpack Compose를 중심으로 앱을 만드는 네 가지 방법을 살펴보고, 코딩이 번거로운 방식에서 선언적 접근 방식으로 전환되고 있음을 강조합니다.

최신 UI 개발로 전환하기: Android 및 iOS

Compose UI는 안드로이드 앱 개발에서 색다른 접근 방식을 제공하고 코드 줄을 줄이면서 인기를 얻고 있습니다.

Swift는 고유한 메모리 관리 기법과 직관적인 디자인을 위한 스토리보드 접근 방식을 통해 iOS 개발의 주요 언어로 Objective-C를 대체했습니다.

Swift UI를 사용하면 iPad, Mac, iPhone에서 동시에 앱을 개발할 수 있으며, 디바이스별 UI 요구 사항을 고려하면서 공통 레이아웃을 우선시합니다.

동적 화면 업데이트를 위한 자동 레이아웃 및 상태 관리에 중점을 두고 SwiftUI 및 Android Compose와 같은 방법을 사용하는 앱 개발이 점점 더 많아지고 있습니다.

Facebook에서 홍보하는 React Native는 앱 개발에서 인기를 얻고 있으며, React의 우위를 활용할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 학습을 위한 리소스를 제공합니다.

사용자 기반이 적고 시장 점유율이 낮지만, React Native는 Facebook과 Instagram과 같은 주요 앱에서 사용되고 있으며 한국에서도 주목을 받고 있습니다.

UI 프레임워크의 진화: 리액트, 리액트 네이티브, Flutter

React는 상태 관리를 위한 'useState' 함수를 도입하여 UI 개발에 혁신을 가져왔습니다.

리액트 네이티브는 복잡하고 사용자층이 얇음에도 불구하고 아이폰과 안드로이드용 복잡한 앱에 많이 사용되며 그 성능을 검증받았습니다.

구글의 크로스 플랫폼 개발 도구인 Flutter는 2017년 출시 이후 빠르게 인기를 얻었으며, Dart와 위젯의 트리 구조를 사용하여 화면을 렌더링하는 동시에 상태 없는 화면을 상태 있는 화면으로 변환하는 기능도 제공합니다.

Flutter의 변수는 특별한 설정 없이 사용할 수 있으며, setState 함수를 사용하여 값을 변경할 수 있습니다.

Flutter는 배우기 쉽고 앱 개발이 간단하기 때문에 가벼운 앱을 만드는 데 이상적입니다.

앱 시장은 안드로이드 네이티브와 아이폰 네이티브 개발이 주를 이루기 때문에 개발 방법을 신중하게 선택하는 것이 중요합니다.