노벨상 수상자의 여정: 영감, 도전, 그리고 책임감

노벨상 수상자는 다양한 경험과 교육에 대한 헌신을 통해 미래의 과학자들에게 열정적으로 영감을 불어넣습니다.

### 과학과 인정을 탐색하기: 노벨상 수상자의 여정
* 🎢 2020년 노벨상 수상은 **코로나19**로 인해 전 세계가 뒤집어지는 등 롤러코스터와도 같았기 때문에 **도전적이면서도 독특한 경험**을 하게 되었습니다.
* 🌍 지난 2년 동안 노벨상 수상자에게 주어지는 **기회와 책임**을 이해하고, 가상 플랫폼을 통해 **사려 깊은 참여**를 할 수 있도록 노력했습니다.
* 🌌 달 착륙]으로 촉발된 어린 시절의 우주에 대한 매혹은 과학에 대한 열정으로 이어졌고, 수학과 문제 해결에 대한 강한 적성으로 보완되었습니다.
* 👩 가족과 선생님을 비롯한 영향력 있는 롤모델은 저의 학업 여정을 형성하는 데 중요한 역할을 했으며, 저명한 멘토 **는 연구에 대한 탐구를 장려했습니다**.
* 👩 노벨상을 수상한 네 번째 여성으로서 저는 **대학 입문 강의**를 통해 차세대 과학자, 특히 어린 소녀들에게 **영감을 불어넣는 데 전념하고 있습니다.
* 💡 과학자 지망생을 위한 조언으로는 **자신의 열정을 이해하고, **위험을 감수하고 새로운 기회를 탐색하며, **커뮤니티에 환원할 방법을 찾는 것 등이 있습니다.
* 🏊 창의적인 환경은 과학적 발견에 필수적이며, 혁신적인 아이디어를 촉진하기 위해 **조용한 사색**과 지식이 풍부한 동료와의 깊은 대화**가 모두 필요합니다.
* 🔬 과학에서 다양성의 중요성을 강조하면서 저는 **다양한 관점이 연구를 향상시키고**, **미래 과학자들을 격려하는 데 있어 롤모델이 필수적이라고 생각합니다.

foreign very much a roller coaster. It's a really interesting time, though, to win the Nobel Prize during 2020 because the world's upside down anyway. So, the fact that your life is being turned upside down through the Nobel Prize is just one further way in which I guess the bottle gets shaken. It was uh, it's been interesting to try to understand how to um take advantage of the opportunities that it presents and also understand the responsibilities that I think it really demands. So, it's been two years of trying to figure out in some sense how to wear the mantle of being a Nobel Laureate and in some sense doing this during COVID has also been an opportunity to do this very calmly um because you can do a lot of Zoom talks and think a little bit more thoughtfully about or maybe calmly about what to do next. You know, it's interesting to think about what brings um you to science because it's super easy to tell a story that makes a

lot of sense, but it doesn't feel that linear when you're going through it. So, the story I like to tell because it makes sense is, um, I was four years old when the moon landing first happened, and I got super excited, um, and intrigued by the idea of the Universe. I mean, the universe is immense, both in terms of space and time, and that can be both awe-inspiring and frightening at the same time. So, I think this is, as a kid, something that really intrigued me, but at the same time, I also wanted to be a ballerina. So, um, not so clear, but I was really good at math and science as a kid, and I just viewed it as one giant puzzle, uh, so sort of problem-solving, and I've always enjoyed that kind of analytic thinking. Um, so, so that, that, that path to, you know, taking one step forward and trying to figure out, well, is that the one that feels right, and then making your next decision from there. Yeah, oh, I've had so many different

Role Models along the way. I mean, so many people. We are all so influenced by our families and our teachers. So, I'm very fortunate. I come from a family that, from whom I might've learned a lot. My father was a professor of Economics, so very much an academic. So, I learned the world of Academia. And his brother was actually a physicist. And they used to love during family holidays when we got together to figure out how the ancient Greeks figured out things. So, I grew up with this pair that just loved thinking deeply about how people figured things out. So, I think that always really intrigued me. And then my mother is a director of a contemporary art gallery. So, she very much a leader. And she very much inspired me in school. I've had tons of really wonderful teachers, including a high school teacher, Mrs. Keane. And in fact, I've said that in an earlier interview. And during this week, I met a Nobel

laureate's daughter who was also inspired by Mrs. Keane, so we took a picture to send to her. Um, uh, and then in college, I had a fabulous mentor, Professor Hale, who got me into research, gave me wonderful opportunities, and really encouraged me to explore many options in the research world. And then, I guess, you know, the final mentor was my PhD advisor, Gary Neugebauer, who, um, you know, really demanded a level of scientific integrity, I would say, and um, and really taught me to respect the data, not to necessarily go after the story, but to really understand what um, what data, the data we're showing you. I take very seriously the role of being a role model for the next generation of scientists. I think, in particular, being the fourth woman to win the Nobel Prize, I take this very seriously. I've always felt very committed about inspiring the next generation of scientists, particularly young girls, through being visible. And the way I've, for years, decided to do this is to teach always at the introductory level.

College introductory classes because that allows you to reach the most number of people, both the young men and the young women, to show that there's a diversity of scientists out there. I'm not an expert in the world of what it means, you know, gender studies around science, but I can share with them how exciting it is to be a scientist and the work that I do. Yeah, I think my favorite way to give advice is to share that I think it's useful to think about your what you're going to do next in three sections. One is to really understand what you love and to continue along that journey of what you know and understand that you have passion for. And then second, to always take the risk to explore new things, new things that might make you a little uncomfortable, take you out of equilibrium, because if you haven't tried something, you don't know whether or not you like it or not. So, that's the second piece. And then the last piece is to

Think about how you can give back, how you can help the next generation have the opportunity to discover what they have a passion for. The question of what environments help you be creative is a really interesting one, um, because we live in a world that is so overwhelming in terms of um, the constant demand for our attention, both abstractly and also quite literally. And you, you really need, actually, this is going to sound contradictory, um, you need both the quiet to think. And I personally love, I love to swim. I love to swim because you cannot have access to your cell phone, and it is quite literally very quiet. And it lets your brain um, relax to not think directly about what you're um, you're struggling with or trying to work out. It's the idea of you know, get your best ideas in the shower. So for me, it's in the pool um, and the other thing that I think is really important is to have the opportunity to talk to people, talk to people about either what you're working on or what they're working on.

um, it's almost like the space for a really deep conversation, as opposed to the only in the meeting, only for a few minutes, or only via Zoom, which is an awful way or an awful space. I mean, it's great for getting things done in the sort of literal sense, but in terms of that creative space of, um, of understanding how you might think about a problem. So, I'd say having a group of people who are really smart around you and who have expertise in different areas is also a really big piece of how do you get your next ideas. It's such an interesting question to ask, can you identify moments of discovery, especially for a very long-term project? And in the case of the work that I've done, it's gone, it kind of has been steps, um, and those steps often correspond to technological development. So, where you can get to with today's technology, and then you'll get to the next level of technological advancement, and then you mine the science or from that level. So, in the case of the study of the center of

the Galaxy. It's really gone in almost four steps, and each one I could identify some peace. I'd say, um, the, the, well, actually, it's sort of funny. I can, I can identify so many different pieces. Maybe some of my favorites are, um, we actually had a hard time getting this project going. The telescope proposal to do this project was turned out, and in fact, it was such a, it was even only just that first little piece we were trying to get going. So, it was a project to go for three years, and it was turned down, uh, and the telescope was new. Wasn't clear that what we were proposing was going to work. So, it, you know, it makes sense that people were skeptical, but it was so exciting just to get to the telescope and, and, and see the first image that showed this is really going to work. And in fact, I, I didn't think of this when I started answering this question, but it just occurred to me that the artifact I gave to the Nobel Museum this week, I started off with the thought, well

let's give them the First Data tape that stored the first measurement because that kind of represented both the yeah it got started and it was hard to get started but also the issue of preservation of data and then I thought oh well let's go find the log sheet that goes along with this first measurement and I I just have to say I laughed so hard when I saw this um the log sheet because it was handwritten and in the comment um side for the first frame there's a little comment on the side that says holy because we were so taken aback by how um how great the data looked it was clear that you know the project was really going to work yeah yeah it was fun it was fun so that was that was a moment a moment that you can seriously clearly see their record of um and then of course along the way it just kept getting better and better um and you start to realize oh like you can get so much more out of this um experiment and that's where we still are.

today we realized we've realized oh we can make the next push forward um so it's sometimes there's moments and sometimes it's just uh it's it's gradual and it would be hard to to identify the moment so the question of um what inspires me uh I think it's really when things don't make sense when you get some new piece of information and it doesn't for conform to your previous ideas and it really forces you to rethink um your model for describing how things work for me that is the most interesting moment um I remember some somebody interviewing me once and was so surprised that I seem most excited when we were confused and it is true because if you predict something and you measure it and it's exactly what you predicted I mean that's satisfying but also doesn't lead to the next step um so it to me it's more interesting when things don't work um and technology is just evolving so so quickly so you know that if you keep pushing on that front

um, without a doubt, when you look with really new ability to see, it gives you a really new perspective. Year without a doubt, going to land in this regime where you, where things don't make sense. I think scientists should be very involved around the ethical debates around what we do. We're responsible for introducing new capabilities, and of course, you don't always understand, I mean speaking generally, what the utility is. I mean, that's the nature of basic research, is that you do it because you're curious, and you don't always understand what the long-term applications are going to be, many of which can be really good and exciting, and many can be complicated. And we can't stop progress, so, but it is, it is um, on us to participate in the discussion of how it gets used. I think diversity in science is really important. I mean, edits at the heart, there's diversity of thinking. People have come from all different backgrounds and bring different training and ideas and backgrounds, and science really benefits from different voices at the table, so

you can talk about that in terms of gender. You can talk about that in terms of ethnicity. But you can also talk about that in terms of your scientific training, your understanding, and the more open we are to new ideas. I think that better our science is at the end of the day. Having strong role models is really important to show the to depict scientists in the in the with the breadth forms that they can take. And I mean that in a lot of different ways, actually. I mean, I feel very grateful that my parents really encouraged me and gave me biographies of Marie Curie and Amelia Earhart, and these biographies really inspired me. I also think that the um being in an environment where you're being provided with these role models is really important for me also later. I mean, the question of diversity is different um has different issues at different points um. I think that um I'd say for me personally, the presence of a really strong daycare system uh you know within the university system has been essential. I mean one

because it just conveys right at the get-go. We care and expect you to be able to handle this, so that's a really important message. And then, two, because it brings together a community of people who are trying to figure out how to do this Balancing Act. And there's nothing about nothing like having a community of people who can problem-solve. And then long-term, long after your kids are outside of a daycare system, the university has created this network of people from very diverse areas that are really well-connected. And those connections actually help you be effective for a very long time. So, I think those, you know, at the end of the day, facilitating, and then at the beginning, role models. Thank you.

Andrea Ghez, Nobel Prize in Physics 2020: Official Interview

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Nobel Prize

코로나19 기간 중 노벨상 수상이 미치는 영향

2020년 노벨상 수상은 팬데믹이라는 전 세계적인 격변과 맞물려 독특하고 도전적인 경험이었습니다.

수상자는 지난 2년간 수상에 따른 책임과 기회를 탐색하고, Zoom 회담을 통해 미래를 성찰하고 계획하는 데 시간을 보냈습니다.

과학으로의 여정은 어린 시절 우주에 대한 매력, 강력한 학문적 가족 배경, 그리고 그 과정에서 영감을 주는 선생님들의 영향을 받았습니다.

과학 분야에서 멘토링과 롤 모델링의 영향력

연사는 대학 교수와 박사 과정 지도교수 등 다양한 멘토로부터 영감을 받았으며, 특히 과학적 진실성과 데이터 존중을 강조했습니다.

노벨상을 수상한 네 번째 여성으로서 차세대 과학자, 특히 어린 소녀들을 위한 멘토로서의 역할을 매우 진지하게 받아들이고 있습니다.

연사는 입문 수준에서 가르치고, 새로운 기회를 탐색하며, 다른 사람들이 열정을 발견할 수 있도록 환원하는 것의 중요성을 믿습니다.

장기 프로젝트의 여정: 발견의 순간

장기 프로젝트에서 새로운 아이디어 창출을 위해서는 깊은 대화와 다양한 전문가 그룹이 매우 중요합니다.

연사의 은하 중심 연구 작업은 네 단계로 진행되었으며, 각 단계는 기술적 발전에 해당합니다.

주요 발견의 순간에는 거부된 망원경 제안으로 시작한 도전, 첫 번째 이미지 캡처의 흥분, 프로젝트 성공의 중요한 이정표가 된 영향력 있는 첫 번째 데이터 테이프와 수기 로그 시트가 포함되었습니다.

과학에서 발상의 전환과 다양성의 중요성

연사는 혼란의 순간과 이전 생각에 도전하는 새로운 정보에서 영감을 얻습니다.

그들은 기술의 빠른 진화와 새로운 관점에서 사물을 보는 능력이 진보에 중요하다고 믿습니다.

연사는 과학자들이 윤리적 논쟁에 참여하는 것의 중요성과 다양한 관점과 아이디어를 키우기 위한 과학의 다양성의 가치에 대해 강조합니다.

과학에서 다양성과 역할 모델의 중요성

성별, 인종, 과학적 훈련의 다양성은 과학을 향상시키는 데 매우 중요합니다.

마리 퀴리, 아멜리아 이어하트와 같은 강력한 롤모델은 과학 여정에서 개인에게 영감과 용기를 줄 수 있습니다.

대학 내 탄탄한 보육 시스템은 지원 커뮤니티를 조성하고 개인적 책임과 직업적 책임의 균형을 맞추는 데 도움이 되는 오래 지속되는 관계를 형성합니다.