인류 멸종의 잠재적 원인 23가지

### 인류 멸종의 잠재적 원인 23가지: 종합적인 개요
* 🌍 인류는 약 20만 년 동안 지구상에 존재해 왔지만 멸종 가능성은 여전히 우려의 대상이며, **23가지의 잠재적 원인**이 연구되고 있습니다.
* 가장 많이 연구된 위협은 소행성 충돌로, **6500만 년 전 공룡을 멸종시킨 것과 같은 재앙**을 초래할 수 있지만 이러한 사건은 **1억 년에 한 번씩 발생**하는 것으로 추정됩니다.
* 🌌 다른 천문학적 위협으로는 초질량 별이 폭발할 경우 대기를 파괴할 수 있는 **감마선 폭발**과 지구 자기장을 교란시킬 수 있는 **태양 폭풍**이 있지만 일반적으로 강도는 약합니다.
* 🦠 인간과 관련된 위험에는 **전염성이 높고 탐지가 어려운 팬데믹**과 **우리의 방어력을 능가할 수 있는 박테리아의 진화하는 항생제 내성** 등이 있습니다.
* ⚔ 특히 핵무기나 생화학 무기를 이용한 전쟁은 전 세계적으로 분쟁이 계속되고 **핵무기가 존재하는 상황**에서 여전히 심각한 위협입니다.
* 🌡 지구 온난화는 또 다른 시급한 문제로, 기온 상승으로 얼음이 녹고 해수면이 상승할 수 있다는 과학적 합의가 이루어지고 있으며, **빙하기의 가능성**도 재앙적인 대안으로 떠오르고 있습니다.
* 💻 초지능 인공 지능과 광범위한 사이버 공격과 같은 기술적 위협은 신중하게 관리하지 않으면 **인류에게 끔찍한 결과**를 초래할 수 있습니다.
* ☀ 궁극적으로 태양은 **65억 년 안에 팽창하여 지구를 집어삼킬 것**으로 예상되지만, 자연적 요인과 인위적 요인으로 인한 즉각적인 위협은 인류의 생존에 시급한 도전이 되고 있습니다.

인류는 팬데믹에서 핵전쟁에 이르기까지 수많은 실존적 위협에 직면해 있으며, 이는 우리 존재의 취약성을 강조합니다.

Human beings have inhabited the Earth for 200,000 years. Have you ever thought about how we could become extinct? Below, we invite you to learn 23 ways in which humanity could end. Let's start with a well-studied one: could an asteroid fall that would end human life on Earth? Yes, but it is the least likely of the entire list. For this to happen, the impact must be gigantic. It is estimated that it occurs every 100 million years, so we would have to be quite unlucky to witness an event of this nature. It would be something similar to what happened in the mass extinction that put an end to the dinosaurs. And, in total, three quarters of the plants and animals on Earth. It happened no less than 65 million years ago. But other types of problems could reach us from space. Like a gamma ray burst. This could be generated by the extinction of a supermassive star. At that moment, two jets of gamma rays are emitted into space with enormous energy.

that, if it reached Earth, would destroy the atmosphere and the ozone layer. So far, none have been observed in the Milky Way, and it is believed that it can happen in this galaxy in an approximate time ranging from 100,000 to a million years. There could be similar consequences from being exposed to cosmic radiation, but it doesn't seem very likely in the near term either. And the last one related to astronomy: a solar storm. These events consist of an increase in particles that are emitted in solar flares and that reach us. Although they occur regularly, they are generally moderate in intensity. If there were a more powerful one, a great disturbance could be generated in the Earth's magnetic field, and the consequences would be devastating. We put down the telescopes and focus on what happens inside human beings. There is a risk that we experienced not so long ago: a pandemic. Unlike Covid, it would have to have a much more devastating power: it should be more easily transmitted, it should be difficult to detect, and it should also not kill

so quickly, since if that happens, the transmission could not continue either. Additionally, it would have to be complex enough that we couldn't find an antidote in time. Another linked to biology is the development of resistance to antibiotics. Bacteria can evolve. And if they do it at a speed greater than what we have to fight against them, they can win the fight against us, and in this way lead us to a situation with no way out. Another risk that exists around us is a possible failure in genetic manipulation experiments. This could generate catastrophic DNA alteration and disorders. Linked to this issue, there are researchers who warn that one of humanity's problems is its low genetic variation. This could also lead to a degradation of the species, leading to its extinction. We move on to another group of issues, in this case linked to human action. Can we add wars as a possible cause? Of course yes, especially since nuclear arsenals or biological weapons were developed. It was a very latent risk at the time of the Cold War.

It seemed to dissipate later, but in our days, in the midst of constant armed conflicts and with several countries with nuclear weapons, it is something that we cannot stop contemplating. The tenth issue is an excessive increase in population. At different times, people have warned about the complications that overpopulation of the Earth can bring. So far, humans have found a way to cope, although environmental degradation has occurred. The next topic could be related, but not necessarily. A food or water crisis that also leads humanity to a dead end. But just as people warn about overpopulation, others point to the opposite: birth rates are falling in much of the developed world, and global population growth has slowed down. This is, according to this view, a first step towards the extinction of a species in retreat. Let's change the subject and go to something that many are probably expecting: the eruption of a tremendous volcano. While it may be widely mentioned, the probability seems to be low. As there were important events in the past, there is great monitoring on the issue,

and it seems that the chances are not many. In the past, one of the most relevant was the eruption of Toba, on the island of Sumatra, where the largest crater lake in the world is now located. There is an unconfirmed theory that the volcanic event that occurred there 70,000 years ago reduced the world's population to a few thousand people. Another of the most anticipated, and the one that for many today seems the most probable, is linked to global warming. There is consensus in the scientific field about the increase in temperatures on the planet, although it is not yet known how far it can go. If no action is taken, the consequences can be devastating. Melting ice and rising sea levels would be just the beginning. Although it may seem strange, some point out that the opposite could happen: that we pass this stage and then enter an ice age. A new ice age could also be catastrophic and would make much of the planet uninhabitable for us. We continue with atmospheric issues.

For different reasons, the ozone layer could also be destroyed, and this would leave us exposed to the ultraviolet rays that come from the sun. One that does not seem very likely but is striking is a possible reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. This has happened several times since the creation of the planet, although it is very sporadic: the last time was 780,000 years ago. Some point out that during this change, the Earth would be exposed to an increase in cosmic radiation, which could affect us as a species. Now, one of the most unusual: an accident linked to strangelets. These are subatomic particles of strange matter, although their existence is a theory. So, what could happen to them is even more speculative. Some point out that if they came into contact with normal matter, it could turn it into a strangelet. In a matter of hours, the entire planet could be a large mass of these particles. And what about artificial intelligence? There are many specialists who warn about the dangers

of creating machines that surpass us in different aspects. The apocalyptic alternatives, in this case, are two. The first would be that these superintelligent machines have the will, as well as the ability, to end humans because they consider it to be the best for their future. The second would be a more accidental question. Let's think, for example, of an intelligence created to meet a certain objective. To achieve this, it could consider that the best path is to eliminate humanity, and it would put all his resources to achieve the objective. An issue that is linked is that of autonomous weapons. Although today there is no one that is completely independent, there are increasingly more sophisticated drones. Your relationship with artificial intelligence, without the necessary care, can lead to enormous risk. There is another technological issue that can be complex: cyberattacks. A hack on a planetary scale could collapse all institutions and systems, with consequences that we cannot yet fully imagine. If none of these 22 alternatives seem risky enough to you,

We have one that should be convincing. Within a while, the sun will expand in such a way that it will consume planet Earth. Anyway, don't worry: that will happen in 6.5 billion years. Which of these alternatives do you think is the most likely? Leave your comment below. We also invite you to support us so we can continue with the channel. You can buy our book, become a member of Un Mundo Inmenso, or like this video. Until next time.

Las 23 maneras en las que puede terminar la humanidad

Un Mundo Inmenso

인류가 종말을 맞이할 수 있는 23가지 방법

인류는 20만 년 동안 지구에 거주해 왔으며, 인류가 멸종할 수 있는 잠재적인 방법은 다양합니다.

소행성 충돌은 가능성은 있지만 드물고 1억 년에 한 번씩 발생합니다.

우주와 관련된 다른 위협으로는 감마선 폭발, 우주 방사선, 태양 폭풍 등이 있으며, 특히 후자는 지구 자기장에 파괴적인 교란을 일으킬 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다.

또한 전염성이 강하고 감지할 수 없는 팬데믹은 인류의 생존에 심각한 위험을 초래할 수 있습니다.

박테리아의 빠른 진화는 항생제 내성로 이어져 잠재적으로 인간에게 패배의 원인이 될 수 있습니다.

유전자 조작 실험은 치명적인 DNA 변형을 초래할 위험이 있으며, 인간의 낮은 유전적 변이는 종의 감소와 멸종으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

전쟁과 인구 과잉과 같은 인간의 행동과 잠재적인 식량 또는 물 위기 또한 인류 생존의 위험에 기여합니다.

인류를 위한 잠재적 재앙적 사건

7만 년 전 토바 화산 폭발은 전 세계 인구를 급격히 감소시켰을지도 모릅니다.

지구 온난화는 얼음이 녹고 해수면이 상승하는 등 잠재적으로 파괴적인 결과를 초래할 수 있는 주요 관심사입니다.

다른 잠재적 위협으로는 오존층 파괴, 지구 자기장 역전, 소행성 충돌 사고, 인공 지능의 위험 등이 있습니다.

초지능 기계는 미래를 위해 인류를 고의로 멸종시키거나 목적을 달성하기 위해 우발적으로 인간을 제거하는 두 가지 종말론적 위협을 제기합니다.

자율 무기와 정교한 드론의 등장으로 인공지능과 관련된 위험이 증가하고 있습니다.

또한 전 세계적인 규모의 사이버 공격은 기관과 시스템을 붕괴시킬 수 있으며, 태양의 궁극적인 팽창은 지구에 장기적인 위협이 될 수 있습니다.