- [Jared] For today's video, we're going military. Let's look at how a tank works.

We're going to focus specifically on the American M1A2 Abrams Tank. We'll look at the caterpillar tracks, the turret,

where the crew sits, and the engine in the back that powers it all. (buzz)
(explosion)

The M1 Abrams Tank was introduced in the year 1980. The tank was named in honor

of United States Army General Creighton W. Abrams Jr., who was a commander in the Vietnam War.

The idea with the M1 Abrams Tank was to keep it low to the ground, so that it was harder to hit.

Angled sides on the tank allowed enemy fire to deflect off the side. It's a bit cozy inside,

so I hope you're not claustrophobic. During operations, the crew may spend hundreds of hours

inside with very little sleep. There are many versions of the tank. We have the M1, then came the M1A1, and then the M1A2.

There are also minor variants of the tanks, with many different enhancement packages. But to keep things simple,

just these three major versions. They look very similar on the outside, but there have been plenty of improvements

to items such as the armor, electronics, and the weapon systems. Each new version is generally heavier and slower,

but the increased tech makes up for it. For the rest of the video, I'm going to focus specifically on the M1A2 Abrams Tank.

Though some of what I'll say will be true of the previous versions as well. Let's look at some specs.

The height is eight feet, the length is 32 feet, and the width is 12 feet.

For comparison, here's the size of a person. This tank weighs a whopping 68 US tons.

That's equal to the weight of about 35 cars. Even with all that weight, the tank is capable of speeds of up to 42 miles per hour.

It has a fuel capacity of just under 500 gallons. Again, just for comparison, most cars can only hold about 16 gallons.

But tanks need all of that fuel because they only get about 0.6 miles per gallon, compared to the average car's 25 miles per gallon.

So it's a gas guzzler, but it's heavy and powerful. Let's look at some other features of a tank.

We have the caterpillar tracks, the wheels; there are seven on the ground on each side,

the main body, which is called the hull, and the turret, which is the part that spins on top,

and holds the weapons and other equipment. The engine is housed in the very back. The tank holds a crew of four,

three of whom are inside the turret, and one of whom is way up front. Now that we're familiar with the outside of the tank,

let's look at more specifics, and we'll start with the caterpillar tracks. These are sometimes called tank treads.

They are made of steel with replaceable rubber pads. There are seven road wheels on each side of the tank,

a raised idler wheel in the very front, and the drive sprocket in the back. This one has gear teeth on it,

and it's the only one that's powered by the engine. It moves the entire track along.

(upbeat music) The other wheels spin freely as the tank treads move past them. The road wheels also have suspension built into them.

The whole reason we use caterpillar tracks is to allow the tank to go over some very rough terrain.

(upbeat music) Most barriers don't pose a problem for the tank to pass. (upbeat music)

Regular vehicles with four wheels have limited surface area in contact with the ground. They can get stuck much easier.

That's why it's a good idea to stay on paved roads. The tank, on the other hand,

has a much larger surface area to displace all that weight. Obstacles in the way are usually not a problem.

(bouncy piano music) The tank can even climb some very steep hills. (bouncy piano music)

Most of the time it's still a smooth ride for those inside. The tank is steered by altering the speed of the tracks.

For example, to turn left, the right tracks need to move faster than the left tracks.

Unfortunately, the caterpillar tracks are the most likely part of the tank to break. The good news is that the tank usually carries tools

and spare parts so that broken links can be replaced, and the tank can keep moving again.

Next up is the engine, which is in the very back of the tank. For repairs, the entire engine

can be lifted out of the tank. This is an AGT 1500 engine, which can run on several different fuels

but most of the time it runs on jet fuel. In your car, you'll find what's called a piston engine

with pistons moving up and down to rotate the shaft. But in the tank, you'll find a turbine engine.

This one works a little bit more like a jet engine, that you would find on an airplane.

However, this engine is actually fairly quiet. Which is really important, so you don't give away the tank's position to nearby enemies.

The engine gets very hot, so these two side cooling units will help remove the heat. The exhaust comes out the back,

so make sure and stay clear when the engine is on. There's actually a phone on the back of the tank.

This way, soldiers on the outside can communicate with the crew on the inside. The sides have armored plates, called side skirts,

to protect the wheels and the caterpillar tracks. These can be opened up in sections for better access to the road wheels.

On the front, there are headlights here, and four tow hooks down here. Remember, there are many different variants

of the M1A2 Abrams Tank. So another tank might have slightly different features

on the outside. And this top part is called the turret. It can rotate all the way around in about nine seconds.

This is the main gun, which is a 120-millimeter smoothbore cannon. This means that the shells

or ammunition are 120 millimeters. And so is the bore, or the hole that it goes through.

(loud explosions) The shells leave the barrel at about 3500 miles per hour. (bouncy piano music)

It can hit a target two miles away. The automatic stabilizers allow the gun to stay locked on targets,

even while going over rough terrain. This way, the driver doesn't have to stop every time the tank needs to fire.

The tank can even spin in place while the main gun remains locked on target. Right next to this is the smaller coaxial machine gun.

Up on top, there's usually at least one more machine gun to operate. On the sides are smoke grenade launchers.

There's one on each side of the tank. These make it harder to be seen during combat.

There's not much room for equipment inside the tank, so oftentimes the crew puts it out here on the bustle rack.

There are two hatches on top of the turret: the commander's hatch and the loader's hatch.

Inside the turret, you'll find three of the four crew members. It's a bit cozy in here.

The gunner sits down below to the far right. The commander sits directly behind the gunner.

The loader is to the left of the main gun. When the turret rotates, all three of these crew members rotate with it.

Underneath here, this is called the turret basket. The seal between the turret and the hull is so good,

that it could protect the crew inside. I want to show you about this tank. The commander can see 360 degrees around the tank,

through the viewing ports. The shells for the main gun are stored in a large compartment on the back of the turret.

The loader can then open an access door, grab a shell, and load the main gun.

This must be done quickly during combat situations. (loud explosion) If any of the ammunition is ignited,

the panels on top are designed to blow off, so that the explosion goes up instead of into the turret where the crew is located.

The driver sits at the very front. There's a hatch up here that can be opened to enter.

There's not much room up here either, so the driver has to recline in the seat.

The controls are up here, and two brake pedals are down here. There's no gas pedal in the tank,

just two hand levers for acceleration and steering. The driver also has periscopes,

that allow him to see a 120-degree field of view. Usually, the driver enters through the hatch up front.

But if needed, the driver can climb into the turret, and then through a tiny door in the basket,

and into the seat. The United States isn't the only one to use the M1 Abrams tank.

It's been sold to other countries, such as Australia, Egypt, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.

The M1A2 Abrams tank has been in use for almost 30 years now. At some point, it may be replaced,

but for now, it continues to be the main battle tank for the United States military. My name is Jared,

and I create 3D animations on how things work. Visit my YouTube channel for lots more animations just like this one.

Go ahead and click on the link here, or click below to watch another video. And thanks again to War Thunder.

Download the game for free. Just use my link in the video description below. (upbeat music)

How does a Tank work? (M1A2 Abrams)

I use 3D Animation to show and explain how things work.
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