= English subtitles = Hi everyone. It's 10-Minute Knowledge World Encyclopedia. 1. Introduction North Macedonia. It's a country right in the center of East Europe Balkan. The capital is Skopje. North Macedonian flag was made in 1995. It has a red background, with a sun with 8 golden lights. The 8 lights that go vertical, diagonal and horizontal ways get thicker as they go towards the boundary. The golden sun derives from a golden crown of Philip II, the son of Alexander. The flag made in 1992 had a sun with 16 lights. Due to the opposition of Greece, the flag was changed to the current form. North Macedonia borders Serbia and Kosovo to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. North Macedonia has 25,000 km² of land, which is the 147th largest in the world, which is 25% of South Korea.

There are 2.08 million people as of 2020, which is the 147th in the world, similar to the population of Chungcheongnam-do. Yearly GDP of North Macedonia is 1.27 billion dollars, which is the 132nd largest in the world. GDP per capita is 6,000 dollars, the 92nd in the world. The official language is North Macedonian. But they also use Albanian and Turkish. 65% of the population is North Macedonian, 25% is Albanian, 4% is Turkish. The Macedonian Orthodox Church takes up 65%, the Sunni Muslim takes up 30%. 2. history North Macedonian history. Macedonia was an ancient kingdom of Alexander, in the northernmost of Greek peninsula. The king Philip II conquered the area of current North Macedonia in B.C. 336. And the son Alexander expanded the area further. In the 6th century, through Roman Empire,

Slav came to the south and settled down, and assimilated with the locals. In the 9th century, when the East Roman Empire collapsed, Boris I of Bulgaria ruled the area, and in that period, Slav accommodated Christianity. The Byzantine Empire drove out Bulgarians from the Balkan in 1018 and gained sovereignty of North Macedonia back. But it fell into decline in the 12th century. After that, North Macedonia was under the rule of Bulgaria and Serbia, and conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1355. After that, the Balkan was under the rule of the Ottoman for 500 years. In the late 18th century, with the national liberation movement, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman. In 1912 and 1913, Greece-Serbia-Bulgaria united and started Balkan wars to fight against the Ottoman. As a result, most of the Balkan was absorbed into Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria. And Albania became independent.

Current North Macedonian territory was named as North Serbia and was incorporated into Serbia-Croatia-Slovenia united kingdom after WW I. In 1929, the united kingdom changed its name into Yugoslavia, and Macedonia became Republic of Macedonia in Socialist confederation of Yugoslavia after WW II. In 1991, Slovenia and Croatia became independent from Yugoslavia confederation. As a result, Yugoslavia was disbanded. North Macedonia also became independent as a result of 95% of the population saying yes in the referendum. North Macedonia maintained peace even during the civil war of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. However, it's involved in a fierce conflict with Greece. Greece insisted that they have historical tradition of ancient Macedonian kingdom. So they opposed the independence of North Macedonia. And in 1994, they conflicted fiercely. The US and countries in Europe intervened in this issue and Macedonia renamed itself as FYR Macedonia in 1995. However, after that, there was no appropriate consent regarding the name.

They decided to name the country as the Republic of North Macedonia in 2018 and changed it officially to North Macedonia in 2019. 3. Politics & Economics North Macedonia takes a presidential system with the parliamentary system. Presidents have a 5-year term, and they're directly elected. The North Macedonian parliament has a single-chamber system, with 120 members. The main parties are the Social Democratic Party, the Democratic and Prosperity Party, and the Liberal Party. North Macedonia is a member country of the Council of Europe, like the UN. It was impossible to join the EU and NATO due to the naming issue with Greece. However, it officially joined NATO by setting its name as North Macedonia in February 2019 and is trying to join the EU. In 2001, there was a large disturbance due to the conflict between the government and Albanian locals who constitute the majority of the western region. The government agreed to acknowledge citizens' right to autonomy,

with Albanians giving up their request for separation. The conflict was concluded as they compromised to acknowledge North Macedonia's system. North Macedonia was one of the countries that experienced many difficulties after the collapse of the Yugoslavia confederation. Especially in the process of transitioning from a socialist economic system to a capitalistic economy, it had to depend on the economic support of international organizations such as the IMF or IBRD. Macedonia, which has a GDP per capita of about 6,000 dollars, has forests in about 40% of its entire territory, and it doesn't have a specially developed industry. Major exports of North Macedonia are clothes and wine. Although it is not well-known in Korea, Macedonia is famous for producing luxurious wine that competes with Italy and France. North Macedonia's wine has a history of over 2,000 years, and thanks to a mild climate and high geographical features, it has an adequate environment to produce high-quality grapes, and you can see numerous cultivation of grapes and wineries. 4. Nature & Culture North Macedonia is a landlocked country.

that borders Serbia on the north, Bulgaria on the east, Greece on the south, and Albania on the west. It is located on the trading point that connects the north and west of central Europe through the Balkan peninsula from Greece and east through Bulgaria. The territory of North Macedonia is only a part of the Macedonian kingdom, which was a large kingdom. Most of the territory is composed of high mountains and high plains that reach 2,500m above sea level, centered on Dinar Alps and Rodopi mountains. Especially, Korab mountain, that is near the border with Albania, is 2,764m and is the highest mountain in North Macedonia. North Macedonia has more than 1,000 large reservoirs. Rivers such as Vardar river, Black Drin river, Morava river mostly flow to the Aegean Sea or the basin of the Black Sea. There are three large lakes near the southern border with Greece, and among them, Ohrid lake is the oldest lake in the world.

Volcanic activity is active in this area. Due to a big earthquake that occurred in the capital Skopje in 1963, more than 1,000 people lost their lives. However, because of that, in North Macedonia, there are 9 famous hot spring vacation spots such as Vanischte or Banya Bansco. North Macedonia is located in where the Mediterranean climate changes to continental climate. Summer is very hot and dry, and winter is slightly cold. Areas that are located near big rivers show a mild Mediterranean climate, but the mountain climate shown in mountain regions has long winters, and it snows a lot. In the culture of North Macedonia, we cannot leave out the art. Especially its medieval art is developed hugely along with its neighboring country Serbia. Capital Skopje and Church of Ohrid are repositories of Byzantine art, and especially the mural of Church Saint Sophia of Ohrid 'Blue Angel' is known as one of the best masterpieces. Famous artifacts include Daud Pasha bathhouse constructed in 1466.

beautifully decorated Sveti Spas church, Mustafa Pasha Mosque that has a broken dome from the earthquake. North Macedonia is also a center of ethnic dance, and Komitas from the east mountain region is famous. The most famous and popular ethnic dance is teskoto, danced by a dance group only composed of men, and dancers dance according to the music of large wind instruments, and a characteristic is to start very slow and become abruptly fast. Thanks to the mild climate, North Macedonia has dishes utilizing various vegetables, herbs, and fruits. People eat shopska, which is made by gathering vegetables and fruits as the main dish, and enjoy wine and alcohol called Mastica. For other main dishes, there is Tabshe-Graveshe, a traditional North Macedonian food that has meat above baked beans, and for dessert, people eat turumba, which is made by mixing syrup with frying paste, or fruit comport, which is marinating fruit such as peach or strawberry with sugar. 5. a well-known figure The most famous figure from North Macedonia

is Mother Teresa, who was a religious person, who prayed and devoted her entire life to the poor, the ill, orphans, and people who were dying. Mother Teresa's real name is Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu in Albanian, and she was born as the youngest daughter of a family who believed in Christianity in Skopje, North Macedonia, which was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire in 1910. She was weak since she was young but a smart student and was active in the Catholic church, and she joined the Sisters of Holy Mary in Dublin, Ireland, in 1928. She left the Indian Empire, which was under England's rule, to receive training as a sister at the time. She started using the name 'Teresa' since 1937, and as India became independent from England in 1950 and officially established the Republic of India, she naturalized to India and established 'Missionaries of Charity,' which was a missionary group of Catholic churches. After that, she additionally opened children protection facilities.

and made a village of peace that helps people with leprosy in 1968. With social activities that she conducted with devotion for the sick and poor people, Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, and she received Bharat Ratna, which is the most prestigious citizen medal in India. She traveled not only India but the entire world to deliver a message on peace and sharing. She passed away in Calcutta, India, at the age of 87 in 1997, and in October 2003, which was 6 years after her death, she was beatified as 'Mother Teresa of Calcutta' by Pope Paul II. However, critical assessments also exist on Mother Teresa. Representatively, there is an opposition from progressive religious people, and with the fact that she blocked the class struggle of Calcutta people, she was criticized as Mother of the Riches. Also, she took a photo smiling with Francois Duvalier, a dictator of Haiti, and she sometimes behaved in ways

that would raise social criticism that came from political ignorance. It's 10-Minute Knowledge World Encyclopedia, a common knowledge channel that travels the entire world.

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