Microbiology Buzzwords and Pathogen Associations Overview

Microbiology buzzwords reveal critical associations between pathogens and diseases essential for exam success.

### Essential Microbiology: Key Pathogens and Associations for Exam Success
* 🔍 This video provides a rapid review of **high-yield buzzwords and associations** primarily focused on bacteria, avoiding in-depth explanations of **pathophysiology or normal physiology**.
* The normal flora varies by location, with **Staphylococcus epidermidis** on the skin, **Staphylococcus aureus** and **Staphylococcus epidermidis** in the nose, **Streptococcus** in the oropharynx, **Bacteroides fragilis** and **E. coli** in the colon, and **Lactobacillus**, **Group B Streptococcus**, and **E. coli** in the vagina.
* 🍗 Food-borne illnesses are associated with specific pathogens, such as **Bacillus cereus** in reheated rice, **Clostridium botulinum** in improperly canned foods, and **Listeria monocytogenes** in deli meats and soft cheeses.
* 💉 Comorbid conditions influence infection risks, with **alcoholism linked to Klebsiella**, and **cystic fibrosis primarily associated with Pseudomonas**.
* 🏥 In healthcare settings, recent antibiotic use raises the concern for **C. diff**, while altered mental status increases the risk of **aspiration pneumonia** caused by **Staphylococcus aureus**.
* 🐾 Zoonotic associations include **Anaplasma with Iodes ticks**, **Bartonella with cats**, and **Coxiella burnetii with cattle or sheep amniotic fluid**.
* ⚠ Key disease associations include **Staphylococcus aureus** for osteomyelitis, **Coxsackie B** for myocarditis, and **Streptococcus pneumoniae** for bacterial meningitis in adults.
* 📚 This overview serves as a valuable tool for exam preparation, emphasizing the **importance of recognizing pathogen associations** and their **clinical implications**.

Microbiology Buzzwords & Associations

Dirty Medicine

Normal Flora by Location and Foodborne Illnesses

Skin: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Nose: S. epidermidis and S. aureus; Oropharynx: Streptococcus; Colon: Bacteroides fragilis and E. coli; Vagina: Lactobacillus, Group B Streptococcus, and E. coli.

Reheated rice: Bacillus cereus; Improperly canned foods: Clostridium botulinum; Reheated meat: Clostridium perfringens; Undercooked meat: E. coli O157:H7.

Deli meats and soft cheeses: Listeria monocytogenes; Poultry/eggs: Salmonella.

Meat and mayonnaise: Staphylococcus; Seafood: Vibrio vulnificus.

Comorbid History Clues and Associated Pathogens

Alcoholism: Klebsiella (aspiration pneumonia); Dementia, delirium: Anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia).

IV drug abuse: Staphylococcus aureus; Cystic fibrosis: Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Staphylococcus aureus.

Immunocompromised: Staphylococcus aureus, nosocomial pneumonia, Pseudomonas; Post-viral status: Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Healthcare-Associated Buzzwords and Pathogens

Recent antibiotic use: Clostridium difficile; Altered mental status: Anaerobic bacteria (aspiration pneumonia).

Ulcers, wounds, surgical drains: Staphylococcus aureus; Intravascular catheters: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Dialysis: Hepatitis B or C; Urinary catheter: Proteus, E. coli; Aerosolized water: Legionella.

Ixodes tick: Anaplasma, Babesia; Cats: Bartonella; Unpasteurized dairy: Brucella.

Pet feces: Campylobacter; Parrots: Chlamydia psittaci; Cattle/sheep amniotic fluid: Coxiella burnetii.

Lone star tick: Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Rabbit/deerfly: Francisella tularensis; Water with urine: Leptospira.

Armadillo: Mycobacterium leprae; Cat/dog bite: Pasteurella multocida; Body louse: Rickettsia prowazekii.

Dog tick: Rickettsia rickettsii; Fleas: Rickettsia typhi; Reptiles/poultry: Salmonella.

Disease Findings and Associated Pathogens

Osteomyelitis: Staphylococcus aureus (most common); Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease: Salmonella; Osteomyelitis in IV drug abuse: Pseudomonas.

Myocarditis: Coxsackie B; Kidney stones: Klebsiella; Bacterial meningitis in adults: Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacterial meningitis in newborns: Group B Streptococcus; Urinary tract infection: E. coli; Temporal lobe encephalitis: HSV-1.