Jesus: Magician or Miracle Worker? An Academic Inquiry

Jesus cannot be classified as a magician due to differing historical worldviews and definitions of magic.

### Exploring the Concept of Jesus as a Magician: A Complex Inquiry
* 🔍 Dr. Angela Puca introduces the topic of whether Jesus can be classified as a magician, referencing the **extraordinary acts** attributed to him in the New Testament, such as **healing and resurrection**.
* 📚 She emphasizes the importance of **complexity in understanding concepts like magic**, which vary based on **historical, cultural, and social contexts**.
* 🧠 Drawing on Michel Foucault's philosophy, she explains that each historical period has its own **worldview, or episteme**, influencing how concepts are **understood and articulated**.
* 🗣 Puca highlights that interpretations of Jesus' actions differ significantly across time and communities, with scholars portraying him variously as a **magician, prophet, or teacher**.
* 📜 She discusses how early 20th-century scholars connected Jesus' healing and exorcism stories to ancient magical texts, suggesting **parallels in terminology and practices**.
* ⚖ Ultimately, she argues that labeling Jesus as a **magician** imposes a **modern understanding** onto a historical context that did not recognize such a categorization, thus **complicating the inquiry**.
* 🙏 Puca concludes the video by inviting viewers to **engage with her content and support her work through Patreon**, fostering a community for **deeper academic exploration**.

Is it magic when you resurrect a dude from the dead? Asking for a friend. OH! I guess that ‘friend’ is Jesus, and we’re trying to gather whether he was, in fact, a magician… [Music] Hello everyone. I’m Dr. Angela Puca, and welcome to my Symposium. I am a PhD and a university lecturer, and this is your online resource for the study of magick, paganism, esotericism, shamanism, and related currents. As you may know, in the New Testament, there are several accounts of Jesus performing extraordinary endeavors, such as healing incurable diseases, performing exorcisms, and even raising people from the dead. In this video, we will investigate whether Jesus was, therefore, a magician. If you are familiar with my channel’s content and the academic approach I offer on this platform, you may have detected one key – core – element that underlies all of our discussions,

and that is complexity. That, along with presenting information drawn from academic scholarship and not based on personal opinions. That said, complexity means that there are hardly ever straight answers because the conceptualization of terms such as magic has many historical/geographical connotations and religious/cultural as well as social interpretations. To help us understand the matter in relation to the depiction of Jesus in the New Testament, let’s get some methodological help from the French philosopher Michel Foucault. Foucault maintained that every historical period holds a set of pre-assumptions – a specific worldview, which he calls episteme – that determines how we understand the concepts we use in our discourses and how we construct meaning. The very relation between words and things – which is not consistent and changes over time – reveals to be essential in understanding what we mean when we talk about something. Because words work to create an inter-subjective ground where subjective

experiences can be conveyed and comprehended by someone who is other than the experiencer. Words, Foucault highlights, do not simply tell things. Words create things because words are how we articulate our experiences. This semiotic construction of meaning is dependent on time and place, of course, but also to a specific community. We have slang, jargon, and vernacular uses of a language that show how malleable words can be and how certain meanings can be only constructed with that connotation by one of such uses of the language. The same occurs when it comes to religious communities, such as Christianity and all of its varied denominations. And in the encounter between Christian ideas and the mainstream culture of a given time. That premised, the understanding of the deeds of Jesus, at the time when the Gospels were written, will be different from the perception of later interpretations because a different time comes with a different worldview.

diverse pre-assumptions and its own use of words to make sense of things. So, when it comes to Jesus, over the ages and across the different communities, the interpretations of his figure, as shown in the New Testament, vary significantly. As Helen Bond highlights, different methodological outlooks can lead to different portraits of Jesus. Some emphasize his healing activity and characterize him as a magician, or as a charismatic healer and exorcist similar to other Jewish figures at the time. Others see Jesus as an apocalyptic prophet, stressing more his eschatological message. In other cases, teaching is deemed central and so Jesus becomes a sage or a rabbi, a Pharisee, a wisdom teacher preaching a radical egalitarianism, a subversive sage or a social revolutionary. Lastly yet not exhaustively, some see a high degree of Hellenism within Galilee

and hence detect similarities between Jesus and Cynic philosophers. Interpretations by scholars of the New Testament who connected the stories of the exorcisms performed by Jesus and his healings to “magic” were based on a few terms and phrases that occur in a few late “magical” texts. In the early twentieth century, for instance, the philologist Deissmann called attention to the “binding” in “magic” texts in connection with the healing of the deaf-mute in Mark, and to the importance in “magic” of knowing a daimon’s name which was connected to the question asked by Jesus to the exorcized demon in. In the 1920s, critics like Rudolf Bultmann pointed to certain terms in healing and exorcism stories paralleled in ancient “magical” texts as traces of magic. More recently, commands used by Jesus in his exorcisms and in

addressing demons have been correlated to similar formulas present in the Greek Magical Papyri. In the 1970s and 1980s, Morton Smith presented his interpretation of Jesus as a magician with extensive references to ancient sources, especially the “magical papyri.” Smith built constructed the concept of 'magic' and 'magician' earlier in the century, and then expanded their connotations to include not only healing and exorcisms but even prophecy, divination, and revelation. He then argued that much of what Jesus is presented as doing was familiar from the expanded sources for ancient “magic.” So, as you can see, it could be argued that Jesus was performing magic in the stories of the New Testament, depending on the definition we assign to the term ‘magic’. As I discussed in a previous video, the term magic started to be ‘reified’ and becoming a participatory concept in Christian discourse around the second century CE,

in opposition to the concept of miracle and in relation to a developing Christian theology. At the time of the Gospels, the Israelites don’t have the solid perception of magic as the one set of practices we recognise today. The single acts may have been performed but the collective understanding of a number of practices as belonging to one unitarian conceptual category called magic came much later. And along that, the concept of being a magician. Thus, if we want to answer the question of whether Jesus was a magician with the Foucauldian methodology we set as a premise, we can then conclude that Jesus cannot be seen as a magician because that would mean superimposing a later concept onto a community of people holding a worldview that didn’t encompass the perception or acknowledgement of certain acts as subsets belonging to the wider cluster, which would be now called magic and performed by someone who masters those acts, the magician.

So this is it for today's video. Allow me to welcome to the inner symposium my new Patrons and give thanks to those who just pledged and those who stay pledged and please, if you like my content here on Youtube, consider pledging yourself to my Patreon Page. We have a lively community on Discord, a weekly book club, monthly Zoom gatherings, and even lectures for the Magus Level Patrons or else, if you like this video, SMASH the like button, subscribe to the channel, activate the notification bell so that you will never miss a new video from me and, as always, stay tuned for all the academic fun. Bye for now. [Music]

Was Jesus a Magician? Did he practise Magic?

Angela's Symposium

Jesus is depicted in the New Testament as performing extraordinary acts, including healing, exorcisms, and raising the dead.

The video's approach emphasizes the complexity of defining terms like magic, considering historical, cultural, and social interpretations.

Michel Foucault's concept of episteme is used to highlight how worldview shapes our understanding of concepts and the meaning we assign to them.

The Construction of Meaning Through Words and Community

Words play a crucial role in articulating experiences and constructing meaning, influenced by time, place, and community.

The interpretation of Jesus' figure in the New Testament varies significantly across different communities and time periods, leading to diverse portraits of him.

Methodological outlooks also contribute to these varying interpretations, with some emphasizing his healing activity, apocalyptic message, teaching role, or Hellenistic influence.

Jesus and Cynic Philosophers: The Magic Connection

Scholars have drawn parallels between Jesus' exorcisms and healings and ancient "magical" texts, noting similar terms and phrases.

Critics in the early 20th century, like Deissmann and Bultmann, highlighted these connections as traces of magic.

Morton Smith later expanded the concept of 'magic' to include Jesus' actions, arguing that his miracles were familiar from ancient sources, thus suggesting a possible interpretation of Jesus as a magician.

The Israelites at the time of the Gospels did not have a unified perception of magic as we understand it today.

The concept of a magician and the categorization of practices as magic emerged later, making it inappropriate to label Jesus as a magician.

The video also invites viewers to support the creator on Patreon and join a community with various engaging activities.