Jakarta's Capital Relocation: Challenges and Uncertain Future

Jakarta's sinking crisis prompts relocation to Nusantara on Borneo, but financial, environmental, and social concerns threaten the viability of the ambitious capital project.

### Indonesia's Ambitious Capital City Project: Nusantara
* 💰  The **$33 billion Nusantara project** aims to move Indonesia's capital from Jakarta to Borneo by 2045, with the first phase costing **$3.4 billion** and set to complete in **August 2024**.
* 🏗️  However, the project has faced challenges, with investors pulling out, project heads resigning, and **concerns about meeting deadlines and securing funding**.
* 🌍  Nusantara is promoted as a sustainable, high-tech city that will **redistribute wealth and resources from Java**, but critics argue it may **displace indigenous people and accelerate deforestation**.
* 🛳️  Its central location is seen as an opportunity for **better connectivity and international trade**, but the city's renewable energy goals may be difficult to achieve due to **Indonesia's current energy limitations**.
* 🏙️  While some see Nusantara as a step towards **decentralization and a more inclusive development model**, others view it as a potentially **wasteful vanity project**.
* 🏛️  Moving the capital may distance legislators from Jakarta's challenges, potentially **alienating ordinary Indonesians from their government**.
* 👤  The project's future is uncertain, with the upcoming presidential election adding further **complexity to its prospects**.
* 💸  Ultimately, the success of Nusantara will depend on **securing funding, political will, and ongoing public support**.

- [Narrator] Jakarta, one of the world's most popular cities, is facing an existential crisis. About 1/3 of the city
will be underwater by 2050. - [Narrator] It's the fastest
sinking city in the world, with 40% of its area
already below sea level. So the Indonesian government
has devised a solution: Move the capital from Jakarta on the island of Java over 800 miles away to Nusantara on the island of Borneo. As seen in this promotional footage, the $33 billion Nusantara
aims to modernize Indonesia, reduce regional inequalities, and promote environmental sustainability. Its initial goal was to
be completed by 2045. But with investors pulling out, project heads resigning,
and little complete, the promised capital risks
squandering Indonesia's funds and damaging the country's reputation. If billions of dollars have
gone into building a city in the middle of nowhere.

that doesn't ever really get started, that would be just a
waste of a lot of money that could've been better
spent in innumerable ways. - [Narrator] Nusantara
is strategically located in East Kalimantan on Borneo, chosen for its lower risk
of natural disasters, like floods and earthquakes,
and its central location. - If you look at Indonesia on a map, Nusantara is placed sort of right at the heart of the country. - [Narrator] The move is
meant to redistribute wealth and resources from Java. - [Andreyka] Indonesia's development model has been described as being Java-centric with infrastructure, with
ports, with airports, whereas other islands, other
regions of the country, tend to get left behind. - [Narrator] Java currently accounts for around 60% of the national economy, and Jakarta has been the country's capital since Dutch colonial times in the 1600s.

- The Indonesian government
still intends for the economic and business hub of the
country to be Jakarta. But at the same time, the
relocation of the capital city to Nusantara does provide
some opportunities. - [Narrator] Promoted as a
high-tech city powered entirely by renewable energy, Nusantara
plans also include housing for some 2 million people, or
1/5 of Jakarta's population. - The city is essentially intended to be a smart city as well. That's sort of the central guiding ethos. - [Narrator] Its central
location is also key to another opportunity, shipping. - [Andreyka] Establishing
new port infrastructure around the capital city site could lead to better connectivity between
islands across the country. And building that could
in turn help Indonesia play a greater role in terms of the international
global shipping trade. - [Narrator] But public
opinion over Nusantara

has been split. Some people would say that this is an enlightened step by Joko Widodo, who has taken much greater effort to understand the concerns
of non-Javanese people than presidents before him. For opponents, this seems
like a vanity project that was poorly thought out, designed to get him in the history books without offering clear
benefits for Indonesia. President Jokowi has staked
his legacy on this project, so there's a political impetus within the Indonesian government right now to make this attempt land. The first
phase of construction, which focuses on the
governmental zone of the city, is set to complete in August 2024 before President Widodo
leaves office in October. This phase includes building
essential infrastructure like main roads, public transportation, electricity, and water supply. But severe weather and
logistical difficulties have hampered construction, sparking concerns about meeting deadlines. When you look at what the
government has announced,

they say they're somewhere approximately 80% of the way through phase one, but there still needs to be a lot of progress in terms of infrastructure. - [Narrator]: And phase one, costing around $3.4 billion, is only about 1/10th of the overall budget. The entire city is budgeted at $33 billion, but the Indonesian government has only pledged 20% of that and is struggling to acquire the rest through domestic and foreign investments. - It's sort of a chicken-and-an-egg problem. Nobody wants to go in and build things unless they know that this is actually going to be a city. - [Narrator]: SoftBank of Japan withdrew from investment negotiations in 2022. Indonesian news agencies have reported that the government has received letters of intent from over 400 investors so far. But despite Indonesia's efforts, like offering land rights and tax incentives, no significant investments have materialized.

- [Jon] Yeah, I think a lot of businesses were initially interested,
but just didn't know how they could extract safe
returns for their shareholders, and so ended up backing out
or not fully committing. - [Narrator] Critics have also pointed out that the initial promises of
Nusantara are already at risk. Advocacy groups say that
the 990-square-mile area of the city will displace
20,000 indigenous people. And experts say that construction
of the new capital city in this location will
accelerate deforestation. - Recent reporting indicates
that the government has fallen behind on some of
its reforestation targets. - [Narrator] Experts
say that the city's goal to run entirely on renewable
energy is undercut by the fact that Indonesia doesn't have
enough renewable energy to run the city, let alone build it. The Indonesian government
hasn't released plans on how to remedy all of these issues and did not respond to
requests for comment.

What's more, critics ultimately point out that Nusantara still won't
address concerns in Jakarta. Once the capital city is moved, their problems still exist. The challenges they face still exist. Jakarta is New York, it's LA, it's Washington, DC, all rolled into one. It is the commercial hub of Indonesia. It is the political hub of Indonesia. It is the entertainment hub of Indonesia. So because of that, it
faces so much strain. [Narrator] Moving the
capital to Nusantara will distance members of
parliament from those challenges. In some ways, it almost appears as though there's a political incentive to move the capital city away, to remove it from the population. Then it becomes much harder
for ordinary Indonesians to make their anger or
frustrations known to legislators. In the worst-case scenario, it would lead to a situation
where the vast majority of Indonesians would feel disconnected

from their government. - [Narrator] The future
of the Nusantara project remains highly uncertain. The project's head and deputy head have unexpectedly resigned. - It's obviously a bad sign. - [Narrator] And the
arrival of a new president could further complicate matters. - Would a President Prabowo prefer to prioritize his sort of initiatives? Or would he continue on projects from his predecessor, President Jokowi? - [Narrator] But even if
the newly elected Prabowo does decide to see
Widodo's vision through- - They will have to divert
funding from elsewhere. Indonesia's not a wealthy country, and it has a very finite budget. So assuming Prabowo Subianto decides to carry on the tradition of
spending rather conservatively, he will have to make tough decisions. - [Narrator] And if he doesn't- - There's always the risk
that Indonesia could overspend and ends up blowing a hole in the budget.

The long-term viability of the Nusantara capital city project is as of yet undetermined. But it will partially depend on whether Indonesia can get the financing it needs, whether there's the political will behind it, and whether the people still continue to believe that this is the right decision to make.

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Jakarta's Sinking City Crisis and the Troubled Nusantara Capital Project

Jakarta is sinking rapidly, with a third of the city expected to be underwater by 2050.

To address this, the Indonesian government is relocating the capital to Nusantara in Borneo, a $33 billion project aimed at modernization and environmental sustainability.

However, the project faces challenges, with delays, resignations, and funding issues raising concerns about wasted resources and damage to Indonesia's reputation.

The Relocation of Indonesia's Capital City

The relocation of the capital city to Nusantara presents opportunities for a high-tech, smart city and improved shipping infrastructure.

The plan includes housing for a large portion of Jakarta's population and aims to address the concerns of non-Javanese people.

However, the project faces criticism as a potential vanity project with logistical challenges and a tight deadline for completion.

Challenges in Building the New Indonesian Capital

The first phase of the new capital city project is behind schedule, with funding and investment struggles.

The project is facing criticism for its potential impact on indigenous people and deforestation.

Additionally, the goal of running the city on renewable energy is challenged by Indonesia's current energy capacity.

The Challenges of Moving Indonesia's Capital to Nusantara

Moving the capital to Nusantara may not address the concerns in Jakarta, potentially distancing the government from the population.

The project's future is uncertain after the unexpected resignation of its head and deputy head.

The new president will face tough decisions regarding funding and budget allocation for the capital move.

The Uncertain Future of the Nusantara Capital City Project

The long-term viability of the Nusantara capital city project is uncertain and depends on three key factors: financing, political will, and public support.

Indonesia's ability to secure the necessary funding and the commitment of the government, as well as the ongoing belief of the people in the project, will all play a role in its success.