Doctor, my eyesight is deteriorating. I've strained my eyes. How much time can I spend in front of a computer screen? This is not a myth; it's true. You shouldn't read in the dark or in dim light. The benefits of bilberries are debatable. What influences the increase in statistics is that we have become better at diagnosing nearsightedness. If you want to preserve your eyesight, eat bilberries. If you want to prevent Alzheimer's, solve crosswords. My head hurts. These are common life truths. But why does a doctor's face change when wisdom is shared with them? Doctors also cry. Anastasia Uki, an ophthalmologist at Lakhta Clinic, an operating ophthalmologist at Gans Clinical Meran Hospital. Hello, Anastasia, hello. I suggest the viewers participate in a simple poll this time. Do you have myopia (nearsightedness)? Yes, no, I don't know. I would probably say yes, and I'll add that when I prepare for a forum, I have to strain my eyes a lot.

I'm tired of what to do, more blueberries to eat tea bags on my eyes, what to do. Unfortunately, I think that in this situation, neither blueberries nor tea bags will bring relief. How can I help myself? We will discuss with you after analyzing the main myths about eye diseases. Let's get started on how I want to structure our conversation. I see the plan of our conversation in such a way that first, we need to delve a little into ophthalmology and understand each other, be able to speak the same language, and deal with the main questions that arouse interest. People often come and say, Doctor, my vision is deteriorating, I strain my eyes, I've ruined everything. But as we see, in official ophthalmology, there are no such terms. Doctors can measure not so many things, but they are all important. This is visual acuity with correction, how many lines do we see in glasses, visual acuity without correction, how many lines do we see without glasses, refractive indices.

How many diopters should be put in the lens of glasses for us to see as clearly as possible, as well as the indicators of the field of view in degrees, because there are situations when a person can see all 10 lines, he doesn't need any glasses, the diopters show zero, but he still has a problem. What is this problem related to? It is related to the fact that his field of vision is narrowed, and this also needs to be discussed separately with the doctor. When a person says I have one, he means visual acuity. One can be with glasses or without glasses, and both are acceptable to the ophthalmologist and do not cause concern. If a person says I have a minute, he is referring to the refraction index, meaning that he needs a minute glass in his glasses to see one. I think we have clarified this and can move on to the main myths. A very common story is that in my childhood, I read a lot, I was a curious child, I had heavy work up close. And so

This is exactly what I'm having trouble with right now, but in reality, we can talk about issues such as visual fatigue, dry eye syndrome, computer vision syndrome. Indeed, all these aspects can be linked to prolonged close-up work. When our eyes itch, feel tired, red, or have a sensation of fog before them, everything Alexander described in his issue when he was intensively preparing for the form can be grouped under the term dry eye syndrome. You can help yourself with breaks in visual work, moisturizing eye drops, and paying attention to air humidity indoors. If we are talking about the deterioration of the quality of the image, it is better to go to the doctor instead of trying to help yourself. Another common myth is that gadgets and screens harm the eyes, one should not look at the phone, limit TV, and also the computer.

Paper is worse than an e-book, but an e-book is slightly worse than a paper one. However, paper is the best option for reading. We are back to the same problem as when discussing the first myth: working up close should be dosed so that the eyes feel comfortable and do not get tired. But all these moments are completely reversible, and after a break, all the unpleasant moments pass. At the moment, with the modern level of technology and screen development, there are no studies that would tell us that eyes can be damaged by the radiation from screens and smartphones or affect the internal eye structures. There is a very common story about blue light damaging the retina and causing age-related changes in the retina, but so far, we have not obtained any reliable data on this. There is also a very common problem regarding not being able to read in the dark and not being able to read in dim light.

At the same time, LED lamps are also harmful, so it is necessary to use some mysterious sources of lighting. Reading in twilight is possible, but it is uncomfortable and unpleasant, which can later lead to significant discomfort. When you move from semi-darkness to a bright room, there are studies on how the eye adapts to the transition from a dark room to a bright room. Such data exists, but there is no data yet on whether reading for a long time in a room with a certain level of illumination will lead to the development of nearsightedness. As for LED lamps, there is also a bias that they flicker and that the spectrum of light they emit is not suitable for the eyes, but at the moment, according to research results, LED lamps are safe, and we can use them calmly. Now let's move on to the survey results. I think many have already voted. Let's see what we have achieved, and it turns out that 257 people voted that they have them.

Nearsightedness and three times fewer people answered that they do not have nearsightedness. An interesting moment, I decided to precede this survey with a conversation about nearsightedness. Why? Because it's not a myth, it's true that the number of nearsighted people is increasing every year. Referring to Russian data, we have information from Academician Neryov, who states that one in three people in Russia has nearsightedness. According to scientists' forecasts, by 2050, the incidence is indeed increasing. Do we need to worry about this and what are the main prejudices about nearsightedness? A very important point is that doctors forbid natural childbirth to women and say that with any degree of nearsightedness, only a cesarean section is recommended. In reality, we have some regulatory documents, but there is no clear justification that if you are a nearsighted woman, a cesarean section is necessary. There is a mysterious.

The term complicated myopia can be interpreted differently by each doctor, and each doctor can use it in their own way depending on whether they want to prescribe a cesarean section or natural childbirth to this woman. But the whole world is striving to reduce the number of nearsighted women who are prescribed a cesarean section. According to ophthalmic indications, the next myth about not being able to do sports with myopia, exemption from physical education, special groups at the institute. I think that everyone has gone through all of this, and many people remember it. In fact, there are regulatory documents and clinical recommendations that restrict professional sports activities for athletes with high degrees of myopia more than Misha and with complications on the retina, that is, problems on the periphery of the retina with neovascularization, retinal tears. But if we keep in mind the general population, not professional sportsmen.

We are talking about athletes and just children, we are talking about the fact that a healthy lifestyle is beneficial, it is useful to move, and myopia is by no means a contraindication to go to sports sections, engage in physical education in the usual non-professional mode. An interesting myth that came across in the comments during the preparation for the presentation. It's a story about the fact that the widespread epidemic of nearsightedness in the country, in countries like China and Singapore, is associated precisely with the fact that Asians have small apartments, they work a lot, study a lot, and that is why they have such an epidemic of nearsightedness. And we have vast spaces and huge apartments, so we are free from this. In reality, there is indeed a great deal of attention from scientists focused on the increasing prevalence of nearsightedness in Southeast Asian countries. This is really true, the statistics are growing every year, there are observations by scientists that if children spend more time indoors and less time outdoors, the risks.

The development of myopia in such children increases, and there are official recommendations from the World Health Organization that suggest increasing the time spent outdoors. Unfortunately, these recommendations work better for children. Another important point to remember is that genetics play a role in the development of myopia. We cannot escape from this fact, and perhaps this is what we can link to the steady increase in myopia statistics in these countries. Moving on from myopia to the section about glasses, there are many different types of glasses on the market with various coatings. Let's focus on a few of the most well-known variations. The first option is polarized glasses. Some believe they should be worn while driving, working on the computer, while others think that such glasses are harmful. What is the truth? Let's take a look at how polarization works.

Just such a method of filtering out image clarity that reaches the eyes. Therefore, if you like your glasses, if you feel comfortable and convenient in them, please wear them. But do not expect miracles and healing of all eye diseases. Of course, we will not, and we move on to the next thesis. The next thesis is about sunglasses. People, especially as they age, love to wear dark glasses indoors in any weather, hoping that this will protect them from eye diseases. A variation that is often encountered is wearing sunglasses while watching TV, then I will definitely be safe. In fact, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, there are four things that sunglasses can protect you from: premature cataract formation, clouding of the lens, burns around the eyes, and various eye growths like pterygium, which are small.

Films and oncological formations in the eye area, the eyelid area about this We remember dark Glasses are not a strict necessity but useful things Of course, they bring this picture into our lives. It is relevant now from one of the marketplaces advertising perforated glasses trainers this is a quite common question that people come with Are such glasses useful how many hours a day should they be worn Is it necessary to work at the computer in these glasses and Can myopia be corrected because my grandmother wore such glasses and she had Minus one and then it went away everything is fine they definitely work what is actually what is actually all the small holes create the effect of a diaphragm and when we look through the diaphragm through a small hole it seems that objects look sharper and clearer But as soon as we remove the diaphragm the whole magical effect disappears so even if you think that in such glasses with perforated holes you see

The clearer it is, as soon as we take off these glasses, all this wonder disappears, and how was your nearsightedness and eye refraction there minus one diopter or minus one diopter, so it will remain Unfortunately, nothing can be changed about it. A very interesting aspect about getting used to glasses and about how glasses damage the eyes. It often happens that a patient is prescribed glasses, the patient puts them on and says, Yes, I really see better, it's more comfortable for me to read, more comfortable to watch, or I see better into the distance, but I will not wear them because I will ruin my eyes with glasses and they will cause dependency, and I won't be able to go anywhere without glasses. Glasses are simply an optical instrument, it's just a system of lenses that we place in front of the eye so that the eye sees clearer. If we are talking about research on nearsightedness, on myopia, then wearing glasses is more of a plus because there is a history of using full correction, it's even a way.

Due to the braking of myopia, our brain can perceive the image we see in glasses more clearly, and that's why we want to wear glasses and see the world clearly. However, there is no adaptation to glasses like with some medications. Let's not treat everything with tea bags. This is a very common story. In any unclear situation, in any eye discomfort, in any eye fatigue, let's apply tea bags to the eyes, and then everything will definitely pass. In reality, there is not much sense in this now. Why? Because we never know for sure, and we are not sure what exactly the manufacturers put in these tea bags, what composition they have. Will there be an allergy to the eyes from this composition inside? On the other hand, if we apply something warm to the eyes, there really can be a feeling of relief, a feeling of comfort.

Work with the eyelids is inside the eye, so this feeling can really occur, but if you want to warm up the eye, it's better to use special masks or make a warm compress. There is no point in applying tea bags. If you feel that some inflammatory disease is starting in the eyelid, like a chalazion or a stye, it's better to see a doctor and use ointments and drops with a known concentration and clear composition. Treating the eyelid with tea bags is not recommended. 

The next most popular myth in ophthalmology is about blueberries, carrots, and supplements. What can be noted immediately here is that eating a lot of blueberries or carrots will not protect us from any eye diseases. There are exceptions to this rule. If a person has a vitamin A deficiency, then they definitely need to replenish the deficiency of vitamin A, and then they will actually see better. This works, but applying this rule to everyone is not advisable. Regarding blueberries, the data is very controversial.

In research in vitro, a connection can indeed be found between substances found in blueberries and the improvement of processes in the retina. But how much blueberry should one eat for all of this to take effect? So far, it is reliably unknown. Among interesting points about carrots, enthusiasts of carrot research have created a special Carrot Museum where they tell all the fun stories, all the myths. How the myth about carrots originated, what beneficial substances carrots contain, and what to do with it. I find this intriguing. If you are interested in this topic, you can watch a popular myth about eyes - the Bates method eye exercises. Let's roll our eyes, look up and down, right and left, and share family legends about how vision could be improved and diopters removed through exercises. Here, like Olga, I decided to delve into the question and found this.

It's interesting that the book was written and translated into Russian in the nineties. Of course, many theories presented in it, which Bey talks about, on how, in his opinion, vision can be improved, are very outdated. Unfortunately, no one can find evidence of the effectiveness of these methods at the moment. There are many people whom doctors prescribed to do eye exercises. It may be more of a placebo effect. Taking breaks from visual stress, if it's more comfortable for you to do so every 20 minutes by looking around or following special arrows, please do it. But remember, this may help you get rid of dry eye syndrome and discomfort in your eyes, but it will not have any connection with eye diseases or the degree of your myopia. Let's repeat the main points once again: with what exercises we cannot cure eye diseases.

We can feel relief from dry eye symptoms. We can see that the image sharpness has increased again because the eye surface is moistened, the tear film is restored. But the indicators of eye refraction in diopters cannot be changed by any exercises and cannot eliminate nearsightedness if a person has it. Unfortunately, it is impossible. And finally, I would like to discuss five points. How can we really help ourselves because we talked about 13 myths and it seems like everything is pointless. So, what should a person do who is concerned about their health, wants to see well, and dreams of living with good vision for as long as possible? I have highlighted five main points that we can discuss in more detail. The first and most important, in my opinion, is a frequent and useful rule for us, for young people, for working people - the 20-20 rule. It means that every 20 minutes, you need to take a 20-second break.

And looking 20 feet into the distance for 20 feet in the Russian version. This is about 6 meters. It is enough to look every 20 minutes to help relax. And if you use preservative-free moisturizing drops, they are gentle on the eyes, they will not harm in any way. And if you put them in, if you feel discomfort, it will be more pleasant and better for you. The third point to focus on, if you still cannot achieve comfort with the help of drops and visual breaks, and you feel like something is still not right, then you should apply warm compresses instead of eye bags. This is called eyelid hygiene. Eyelid hygiene is a set of measures that consist of eyelid massage and warm compresses. The idea is to warm up the contents of the glands inside the eyelid, massage them, and thus bring the eyelids in order and reduce inflammation that occurs due to blepharitis.

I want to make warm compresses and keep the warmth on the eyelids. Holding this will be useful and pleasant. We do not see any harm from this. The next most important point for adults who are interested in what they can do for their eyes. What vitamins should I take, what bilberries should I eat? We remember that the eyes are not separate from the body; they are inside our heads and are connected to all other organs. Therefore, anything that harms the body as a whole will harm the eyes as well. If we have changes in blood vessels throughout the body due to high cholesterol, diabetes, or increased cardiovascular risks, all of this will be reflected in the eyes. There are many irreversible eye diseases, irreversible changes that cause blindness, and changes that ophthalmologists cannot cope with at the moment. These arise precisely from diabetes, from high uncontrolled arterial.

Pressure due to lack of physical activity. We remember that the key to our health, no matter how banal it may sound, is a healthy lifestyle. And as a separate small point, I would like to mention children. So, what should we do for children? We remember the mantra that ophthalmologists say: increase the time spent outdoors, it is beneficial. In addition to this relating to our previous point about a healthy lifestyle, increasing outdoor time also increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the retina. Currently, there are studies indicating that children who spend a lot of time outdoors have a lower risk of myopia progression and a lower risk of developing myopia compared to children who spend more time indoors. Is this directly related to the time children spend on gadgets? No one can say for sure. No one has measured it precisely. But our recommendation as ophthalmologists is to spend more time walking, correctly.

Eating and maintaining physical activity, thank you. Probably, you still have a slide with literature. I have a slide with literature. Today, we covered many, many, many topics. I have compiled a small file with articles that explain in simple language in more detail everything that I touched on in my presentation, and at the bottom, there will be a part of scientific articles for those who want to delve deeper. I think our Forum could have been called something like The Tale of Lost Time or something like that, in the sense that I prepare a handout with a couple of points with gaps for each presentation. Let's move on to questions, and we received a video question from our most Independent viewer, and what we just heard apparently, gadgets that our children stare at are harmless to the eyes; you just need to take breaks, like going for a walk outdoors. Yes, you can't pry them away from their smartphones with a stick; millions of children are burying their eyesight.

Do you fight against myths about the harm of gadgets here? Are you really a doctor? Maybe you should go into selling smartphones; you could earn well there. Or are you already... Thank you very much for the question. There are many questions contained in the statement of our respected opponent. Let's deal with them in order. The first question: Do I really believe that outdoor walks are beneficial for children and improve their eyesight prognosis? Yes, I do believe so, and I am supported by the World Health Organization, which released a document with advice on what to do with children and how much time they can spend in front of screens. References to this document can also be found in the file that is available through the link. Furthermore, there are Russian regulatory documents. If we do not trust everything foreign, there is the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) written by our regulatory bodies. It is extensive and discusses the impact of environmental risk factors on human health, among other things.

There is a chart and a point indicating to children at what age how much time can be spent in front of a computer screen. All of this leads to the fact that I am not completely against limiting the time children spend on the computer, but I would not consider it the only panacea and hope for it. Another important point is when we talk about gadgets and computers, much attention is paid to blue light, but I would like to redirect the flow of thought to the idea that blue light affects circadian rhythms. It can hinder children's falling asleep, give a sense of more activity, and that's why psychologists advise us to use blue light filters, to put smartphones aside an hour before sleep. However, when it comes to certain eye diseases, the screen of a smartphone itself is unlikely to lead to them. With smartphones, it seems like we've figured it out. I want to say that there is no conflict of interest for me. Okay, let's move on to a listener's question sent in advance. Lydia Shkolina asks, please advise.

Is it more beneficial for your eyes to take a break from the screen by counting birds outside the window than looking at something indoors less than 10 meters away? Counting crows as I believe and counting Ravens and looking at something indoors if the distance allows, approximately 6 meters, is equally beneficial for the eyes. If you feel more comfortable and morally pleasant watching birds, please do so. Whatever you prefer is great. Let's try a quick blitz. Yes, 3 minutes of concise answers to the questions, please. Does the quality of vision depend on the eye color? Is it true that brown eyes are healthier? Why compensate? Because they are different diseases, one is a plus, the other is a minus. Can a farsighted person be born into a family of nearsighted individuals? What does it depend on? It's impossible to predict that as such options are currently unavailable to science. Can blueberries be eaten instead of bilberries, please? Can age-related farsightedness compensate for slight nearsightedness? No, it cannot. How can you tell if the glasses are fitted correctly in optics?

We must check and measure if the glasses prescribed to you in the optician's are comfortable for you. This is the main criterion for determining if the glasses suit you. Why one eye sees worse than the other and what is it related to? You need to go to the doctor to figure it out. If you play with a gadget outside, does it count as a walk? I think it's unlikely. Is it true that vision problems are genetically predetermined and lifestyle has little influence on it, except for injuries? Not true. There is indeed a significant genetic factor, especially in terms of type 2 diabetes, and there is also a predisposition to nearsightedness. But with our lifestyle, we can modify many things. Is it true that there have been more eye problems in the world after the Chernobyl disaster? Not true. I heard that in America, there are drops that improve vision for a certain period of time. Is this true? That's a good question. In America, there have been a lot of drops appearing, so it's necessary to specify which drops are being referred to. It seems to me that the discussion is about drops that can replace

There are studies on reading glasses for close-up vision, and such drops have entered the market. But how comfortable and convenient it is, it's better to discuss with your doctor. Is it true that age-related vision deterioration is inevitable and at what age does it start, at 40 or 50 plus? We all know that time does not spare us, and we change. Indeed, after 40 years, the condition of the lens changes, making it harder for it to adjust when we look up close. Therefore, situations arise where people often need help after the age of 40 to see small objects up close with glasses. Are night lenses safe? Safe when used correctly. How harmful is it to wear glasses or lenses with a strong undercorrection of one or more diopters? It used to be very popular to use undercorrection for myopia, but now this trend has shifted. It is believed that there are no benefits to vision from this. Sensory visual deprivation is a good question. I will clarify, does general anesthesia affect.

There are rare cases of complications with eyesight after general anesthesia, but these are more of a rarity and should not lead to refusal of the prescribed treatment by the doctor due to risks to the eyes. Let's say 16 years with questions, a record so far, and we continue with questions. Please, questions. Let's give the microphone to the young man. Hello, Alexander from Moscow. The question actually comes from a military doctor. What impact on the growth of statistics does the fact that we have become better at diagnosing nearsightedness have? A good question, no definitive answer. I can't say in numbers. But it seems that the methods of diagnosing nearsightedness have not changed significantly over the past 30 years. In the offices of eye doctors, there are eye charts and trial glasses hanging, and it is unlikely that the diagnosis of nearsightedness has significantly improved. How can we talk about oncological

Where is this example of a question likely taken from, besides gadgets, people have different hobbies like embroidery, collecting ship models, painting miniatures. What is more harmful if we compare it to a smartphone, it is equally harmful if you work without a break, and by harm, we mean temporary discomfort that will pass after you rest. Let's give the floor to a young man. I remember in my childhood, parents treated me with tea for conjunctivitis. The same story, your covit will pass by itself. Dmitry Reshetnikov: Why does eyesight change during the day? For example, I leave for work in the morning, and at 50-70 meters, the font on the signs is blurry, I can't read the numbers. After an hour, when I arrive, everything is normal. You need to consult a doctor. So, we can't answer this question. Let's give the floor to Zara. What is a common condition in women, astigmatism, and how is it related to Zara?

Let's figure out what astigmatism is. Astigmatism belongs to the same group as nearsightedness and farsightedness. It is a change in the shape of the eye that requires vision correction not with regular minus or plus lenses, but with lenses that are positioned on a specific axis. Roughly speaking, it's the same story, just corrected with a different lens. To say that astigmatism is the same as nearsightedness would be incorrect, but these conditions often coexist. Olga from Okmarket asks a question: she sits in semi-darkness all the time and her eyes are getting worse. I think she just can't see well, but it won't ruin her eyes. So, let's give the young man the microphone. Can you elaborate on this effect in Southeast Asia where there is a mass decline in vision quality and its connection with spending a lot of time at home?

They conduct it again, we have global statistics on nearsightedness. That is, we have the population of a country, and from them, it is estimated how many people are nearsighted, how many see well without glasses, how many are farsighted, who has astigmatism, and so on. Recently, it has been noticed that in the regions of Southeast Asia, there is a very high percentage of nearsighted people, reaching up to 86%. So, if we take a hall or a room, almost everyone will suffer from nearsightedness. Does this mean that they all see poorly? Do they all see well but with glasses or use other correction methods like laser surgery, lenses, or night lenses? What specifically can we attribute such growth to and why precisely there? Honestly, I cannot answer this question because I do not have the data I could confidently rely on. There are various assumptions, and correlations are sought to understand why people...

They work with the fact that they use a lot of visual work up close, they spend a lot of time behind the computer, little time in the fresh air, try to find a connection between all these phenomena, but so far we cannot convincingly say that it is there. Very interesting questions are read by Nikolai Zakharov from Almaty. I have a special structure of the skull, so my vision gradually worsens. Can this process be slowed down, doctors? And does the structure of the skull affect, may affect? I don't quite understand what is being talked about. Which part, if he has some special structure of the orbital bones, then you need to talk to plastic surgeons. Why not? So let's give the microphone to the young man in the front row. Please introduce yourself. Hello, my name is Sergey from Moscow. There is a myth that even a slight bump on the head can especially affect a child's vision and lead to visual impairments.

Child, that's such a good question. We all know that not only the eyes but also the brain are involved in the process of vision. Indeed, the parts of the brain responsible for vision are located in the occipital area. Can changing the anatomy under the occiput and altering the structure of the head lead to blindness? I don't know. However, I cannot approve physical punishment of children. Question from Ilya from Domodedovo: Is there a consensus in the scientific community regarding the causes of myopia? In the scientific community, there is a consensus and the latest recommendations on what can be done to reduce the risks of myopia. There are some predisposing factors such as ethnicity, genetic predisposition from parents, and wearing glasses. Unfortunately, we cannot say for sure that this leads to myopia. Please, microphone. Give the young man the floor. Make sure to introduce yourself. Moscow, about 2020 rules comes to mind.

Joke that we work for 20 minutes, rest for 20, and spend 20 hours on Instagram. More and more often among colleagues and fellow ophthalmologists, I hear about this condition or syndrome - accommodation spasm. What is it, and how can it be avoided? Ah, a good question. Thank you for bringing this up. In recent years, accommodation spasm has become a very popular diagnosis. Doctors diagnose it left and right, even though it often turns out to be just the beginning of nearsightedness in a person. There have been cases where people were offered treatment for accommodation spasm with eye drops to dilate the pupils. Just take these drops for a week, do some exercises, reduce your visual load, and your spasm will go away, everything will be fine. If we open textbooks on accommodation and find really good ones, we will see that true accommodation spasm is a condition that is very, very rare. It occurs when a parent brings their child to the doctor, and the doctor cannot

Correcting a child's vision with no lens, no matter what prescription we use, doesn't make it better. There is still a strong fog in front of the eyes that cannot be removed by any glass. This situation occurs in children and teenagers during periods of high stress. Therefore, despite this, if a teenager is stressed, go to another doctor. Question from Anna from Moscow: if carrots and exercises do not improve vision, is it a lifelong diagnosis? Can vision be improved by at least one unit? A good question. If Anna is worried that she will have poor vision all her life, she can come to the ophthalmologists, have laser vision correction, and live the rest of her life until 40 without glasses. Unfortunately, at 45, she will have to wear glasses for close-up vision due to the reasons we discussed. There is another option called orthokeratology lenses, which are special night lenses worn before sleep.

A hard contact lens is put on the eye, affecting the cornea slightly by changing its curvature. In the morning, a person gets up and goes to work without glasses, and still sees everything. Their nearsightedness disappears, and this effect lasts until the evening. By the way, speaking of myopia and sports, athletes often use such lenses. They sleep in them and see perfectly during the day. There are options to rely on carrots and blueberries, but it's not worth it. Now, I will pass the microphone to the lady in the green t-shirt. Hello, Anna, a visible city, I wanted to clarify about non-polarized sunglasses. There is a story about how cheap sunglasses do not protect the eyes from direct sunlight, causing the pupils to dilate, leading to issues with the retina. Is it okay to wear inexpensive sunglasses? Good question. Thank you, or are we overpaying for everything?

Time for expensive sunglasses. What does it want to say about sunglasses, what are their parameters? Let's start with, firstly, they come in different colors. Yes, there are black, brown, dark, light, yellow, green ones; everyone wears different ones, and there are debates on whether only black and dark juicy sunglasses protect from light, everything else is all about the image or not. The important point is that on the lens of the glasses, there is a coating that protects from ultraviolet rays, and usually, there are small letters on the side indicating how much ultraviolet light this lens blocks. The lens itself can be of any color, so they can be very light, almost transparent glasses, but they have a coating that protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation, so they will work and fulfill their task. There are indeed versions that if we wear dark glasses in the dark, the pupil dilates, more light enters the eye, but if there are no lenses on the glasses.

Protection from ultraviolet light can spoil everything for us. I think it sounds plausible and indeed makes sense to check the labeling before buying sunglasses. Is there UV protection? It is indicated as UVA and UVB. In optical stores, there are even devices that allow checking if these glasses protect from ultraviolet light and if they are polarized. What are the properties of these lenses? Definitely, for self-protection, it makes sense to buy glasses from trusted places and check all the symbols written there. Question from Albina Yakimova: Can you wear non-prescription glasses as an accessory if you have no vision problems? Please, that's great. Here is a young man in front of you. Yes, this type. Hello, thank you for your interesting presentation. My name is Dmitry. I have a question from the astronomical community. We often look through telescopes, mostly with one eye.

There is a belief that over time this very eye that you do not use starts to squint. Is this true? And if so, how can you put it back? An interesting question, thank you very much. Do you always look with the same leading eye? Do you not change the eye you look with? It's interesting. When we talk about children, there are even such methods of treating strabismus when one eye is covered so that the other eye works more. There are such methods for treating lazy eye, amblyopia, when one eye is covered, but adults try not to cover anything. An interesting question: can amblyopia occur and the eye drift off due to increased work of one eye? I think the answer is this: if you check your eyes with a community of astronomers once a year, go for check-ups, and read all the lines on the chart with each eye, we do not expect the eye to drift off. If you do not use the eye, you do not pay attention to it.

Cataracts develop, he actually stopped seeing altogether and stopped performing his functions, so he can go off track. These phenomena are described, if you are worried, check the vision of each eye in turn. Visit an ophthalmologist every couple of years. Thank you. Question from Tatyana from the Moscow region: walks are associated with improving vision in myopia due to the influence of sunlight. And if I wear glasses outside, will it work? It is considered that it will work even in our latitudes where the sun is not so abundant, and it is considered that it works on cloudy days when the sun is not visible. Therefore, I think that if you walk in these glasses, it still works. Please give the microphone to the young man in the front row. Hello, my name is Le from St. Petersburg. My mom, as a novice driver, immediately gave me yellow glasses as soon as I got my driver's license, she said that I must drive in twilight with them, otherwise, I will crash. How do these glasses work for drivers?

This is Vera's belief in her mother. I like the question. Can we go back to the picture if there is a presentation nearby about polarized glasses? There we can discuss the idea of how the coating on glasses works to protect against glare. Now we will look at yellow glasses and special driving glasses. They are all based on the same principle that they do not transmit all colors of the spectrum; they do not transmit all wavelengths, and they cut off glare, various reflections, and the quality of the image becomes clearer and better for the driver. This is undoubtedly important, so we thank our mother for caring. No harm from wearing glasses of different colors has been identified. Drivers, athletes use such glasses without any issues. Comfort for driving, these glasses indeed have an advantage in comfort. A question from Katya from Moscow: How do you feel about laser vision correction for nearsightedness? I have a positive attitude towards laser vision correction for nearsightedness when...

The doctor and the patient understand what they are doing, discussed the action plan in advance, and both sides of the stress decrease vision. What mechanism is there? Good question. There are different studies on the influence of stress on the eyes, on the influence of stress on accommodation, that is, the ability to restructure the eye system from focusing on distant images to close ones. There is a story about accommodation spasms that we discussed when it is difficult to see during periods of stress. And there is no way to relieve it other than with strong drops to dilate the pupils. There is a condition called Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. It is a small retinal edema that occurs in young people during periods of stress. To say exactly what your vision decrease is specifically related to in your particular period that you consider stressful, we cannot determine remotely. It's better to see a doctor and have everything checked. So, the question from Hippocrates 10: Among my friends who are marathon runners, their vision improves since they started running. Could the improvement...

Any physical exertion can lead to an improvement in vision. Here, it is necessary to understand what is meant by improved vision and what marathon friends have under this. What concept is this? Please give the microphone to the girl in the front row. While the microphone is being passed, I would like to say that we support the increase in the level of physical activity in every possible way. Hello, thank you for the lecture, Alena. In Stavropol, during bone marrow transplantation in children, there is a high risk of developing ophthalmological problems. I have not found such data for adults; what could this be related to? Regarding bone marrow transplantation, I have encountered situations where the disease is a graft-versus-host reaction and various complications related to the eyes. From well-known personalities, if we are talking about the same thing, there was an interview with Oleg Synyov, who mentioned that he faced a very pronounced dry eye syndrome. His eyes were dry, and he was very concerned about his eyes.

The publications I saw on this topic were about attacking cells of their own organism and there are mechanisms by which the eye dries out more. It is necessary to very strongly moisten the eye surface so that there are no dryness, irritation, and other problems. But it is quite likely that my knowledge is currently not sufficient, and we can discuss this more thoroughly later. Question from Yuri from Moscow: Please tell me, is it true that contact lenses are more harmful than glasses? And what is the harm? A good question. Let's break it down point by point. What is more harmful and what is more beneficial? This is a complex issue. Everyone chooses means of correction according to their comfort. Some people really like glasses as a stylish accessory, while others do not want to deal with putting on and taking off contact lenses. On the contrary, someone says, I don't want to be seen as a 'four-eyes.' It's easier for me to put on a lens in the morning and go. If we are talking about a person who follows all the rules of use.

Do not wash your hands with contact lenses. Do not wear lenses swimming in lakes. If you wear contact lenses, it is considered that glasses and lenses are equally safe, and everyone is free to choose a means of correction based on their preferences. Now, you have to choose the best question. Who will get the book The Basis of Human Anatomy by Drobyshevsky? Oh, I liked the question about astronomers. I will think about it. A young astronomer will read with one eye... Oh, it means the book goes to the astronomer. Against myths, a metal diploma, a notebook from volunteers, a shelter for printers, a set of souvenirs from the Mammoth Bust by Pavel Krasny, and the Artifact Studio medal with the forum logo from Andrey Nika. Now, a sketch by the artist Yulia Rodinova about your performance in Kano Bike. All tools were made of stone, the making of this sketch was intentional.

Forms on the blank, you understand, this is a very large product manufactured using ancient technologies. Where does the idea of transferring this Techno appear? You understand that we practically know nothing about these relationships. The exit of a person from Africa, as such, is not a one-time event. Dear friends, I want to remind you once again that our project is not financed by large corporations, not supported by the state; it exists solely thanks to your support. It is best to subscribe to us as a sponsor and boost, thereby increasing the likelihood that the next forum will take place for our subscribers. We have a lot of interesting exclusive content. Thank you, friends, for your support. [applause]

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